Acute Tubercle Research Articles

Alvania skylla n. sp. from the Mediterranean Sea (Gastropoda: Rissoidae)

A new Mediterranean species of the genus Alvania Risso, 1826 is described: Alvania skylla n. sp. The new species has been collected in the Central and Western Mediterranean Sea (Sicily, Malta, Tyrrhenian Sea and Ceuta) at 20–90 m depth. In the literature, it has been reported as A. subareolata Monterosato, 1869, from which it differs for the bi-angulate whorl profile, the much stronger ribs and spiral cords forming acute tubercles at crossings. The spiral cords are in number of two (rarely three), instead of always three. Axial ribs are less numerous (12–16 against 18–23). The labial varix is much stronger and larger, with the cords passing over it. When seen from the side the labial varix is straight instead of slightly sinuous. The characteristics of A. subareolata living in Sicily and Western Mediterranean are compared. The relationship with Rissoa ignorata Pallary, 1920 from the Atlantic coast of Morocco is discussed. The new species is compared with Alvania guancha Moolenbeek & Hoenselaar, 1989 from the Canary Islands. Rissoa areolata Philippi, 1844 is here considered nomen dubium, while Rissoa caribaea var. asperrima Monterosato, 1873 is considered nomen nudum.

A new species of Tricorythopsis Traver, 1958 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from Par state, Brazil.

A new species of Tricorythopsis is described, illustrated and diagnosed based on nymphs from Par state, Brazil. Tricorythopsis similis sp. nov. is related to Tricorythopsis rondoniensis (Dias, Cruz Ferreira) based on abdominal terga IIIVII with acute tubercles medially located on posterior margins, and by the absence of the transversal line on operculate gill. However, the new species can be identified by the following combination of characteristics: general coloration yellowish brown, with blackish and purplish marks irregularly distributed; maxillary palp 1-segmented; segment II of labial palp shorter than segment I and longer than segment III; femora and tibiae with margins covered by long, pectinate setae; tarsal claws with 4 to 5 marginal denticles and 4+2 very small, submarginal denticles. This is the first species of Tricorythopsis recorded from Par state.

A New Species of Vietnamella Tshernova 1972 (Ephemeroptera: Vietnamellidae) from Thailand.

Simple SummaryThe monogeneric family Vietnamellidae is endemic in the Oriental region and found only in the Indomalayan biogeographic realm. Seven nominal species have previously been described, but three are considered to be junior synonyms. However, some provisional species designations have been established. In this study we described formally Vietnamella sp. C as a new species, V. nanensis sp. n., based on the specimens used for initial DNA data and our expanded set of materials from Nan Province, Thailand. Based on morphology, the larva of the new species can be distinguished from those of other congeners. Additional mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene data for the new species are also provided. A key to larvae of all known species in the genus is provided.The larva, male subimago, female imago, and eggs of V. nanensis sp. n. are described based on specimens from Mae Hong Son and Nan provinces, Thailand. The female subimago is described based on a photograph of a specimen reared to the imago stage. The species previously was distinguished only by DNA barcode data and designated as Vietnamella sp. C. Based on morphology, the larva of the new species can be distinguished with the following combination of characteristics: (i) pattern of serration on the ventral margin of the forefemur, (ii) posterolateral margins of abdominal terga with pairs of acute tubercles, especially terga VI and VII, (iii) a well-developed pair of median ridge projections on tergum X, (iv) the second segment of the maxillary palp being about 1.3× the length of the third segment, and (v) females containing eggs with prominent protuberances on the chorionic surface. A key to larvae of all known species in the genus is provided.

Supplement one new genus and five new species of subfamily Coreinae (Coreidae - Heteroptera) for Vietnam

The present paper listed one new genus Hydarella Bergroth and five new species: Hydarella orientalis (Disatant), Notobitus excellens Distant, N. elongatus Hsiao, Trematocoris insignis Hsiao and Physomerus parvulus Dall., which are recorded for the first time for Vietnam. Hydarella orientalis (Disatant): Head subquadrate, slightly anteriorly produced; ocelli placed much nearer to eyes than to each other; antennae very long and slender, basal joint as long as the head and pronotum together. Rostrum reaching the posterior coxae. Body ochraceous thickly punctate, the punctures very coarse on the corium. Length: 7 mm. Dist.: Vietnam (Nghean), India, Myanma. Notobitus excellens Distant: Head, antennae and pronotum brassy-black; rostrum extending to about base of mesonotum. Scutellum finely granulate, brownish forwads apex. Corium brown, obscurely and faintly pilose, menbrane brassy brown. Posterior femora considerably incrassated, finly granulous, inwardly obscurenly tuberculate, and with a series of acute tubercles on upper surface, beneath with a strong and curved spine a little beyond middle preceded and followed by some smaller spines. Posterior tibia moderately curved, their inner margin denticulated. Length: 27-32 mm; breadth between pronotal angles: 8-9 mm. Dist.: Vietnam (Phutho), India, China. Notobitus elongatus Hsiao: Close to N. melaegris Fabr., but body narrower, head longer and pronotum with collum black. Length: 20.7 mm. Dist.: Vietnam (Phutho), China. Trematocoris insignis Hsiao: Allied to T. lobipes West., but pronotal lateral lobes straightly produced forward lateral angles acute, and posterior tibiae unicolorously dark. Length: 22.5 mm; width: 7 mm, width beetwen pronotal lateral angles 8.5 mm. Dist.: Vietnam (Laocai), China. Physomerus parvulus Dall.: Head and pronotum ocharaceus, corium brownish. Scutellum black, with a central longitudinal and the margins brownish. Clavus, corium fuscus, membrane piceous. Body benneath and legs ochraceous. Posterior femora and tibia unicolor; posterior tibia with the base and apex, and all the tarsi fuscous; antennae black. Length: 19-21 mm; breadth between pronotal angles: 5.5-6 mm. Dist.: Vietnam (Gialai), Myanma, China, Indonesia.

English

Miliary tuberculosis results from hematogenous dissemination of tubercle bacilli. It can present in acute, subacute or chronic form. There are many haematological states associated with tuberculosis especially military TB. Haematological abnormalities like anaemia, leucopenia, monocytosis and thrombocytopenia due to tuberculosis are common, but pancytopenia is rare. Pancytopenia can occur due to various reasons like hypersplenism, histiocytic hyperplasia, bone marrow infiltration by granuloma through interferons etc. Tuberculosis is still a major public health problem in developing countries (1). Acute generalized miliary TB is a condition that results from the sudden and often overwhelming hematogenous dissemination of tubercle bacilli from an established focus to many organs of the body. The large number of small , acute tubercles that develops in these organs have been said to resemble millet seeds in size and appearance , hence stems the adjective “miliary”(2). The term miliary was coined in 1700 by John Jacobus Manget, who likened the appearance of the involved lung, with its surface covered with firm white nodules to millet seeds. The clinical presentation of TB is highly variable, manifestations can be acute but more likely subacute or chronic. Acute disease may be fulminant presenting as syndrome of septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (3). The subacute or chronic presentation of miliary TB are more common than acute. These patients may present with fever of unknown origin or dysfunction of one or more organ. Apart from these , there are many haematological states associated with tuberculosis especially military TB. The majority of patients have little disturbance in their hematology other than normochromic or hypochromic anemia, normocytic anaemia of chronic disease (4). Hematological abnormalities like anaemia, leucopenia, leucocytosis, monocytosis and thrombocytopenia due to tuberculosis are common, but bleeding as a presenting manifestation due to tuberculosis is rare (5). There are occasional reports of pancytopenia in miliary TB (6). CASE REPORT 1: 63 yr old male presented with complaint of fever since 3 months, wt loss since 3 months, breathlessness since 2 months and fatiguability since 2 months. On examination BP=110/70 was recorded in right arm supine position, pulse=110/min, good volume. There was pallor, no icterus, cyanosis, clubbing or lymphadenopathy. Systemic examination revealed just palpable soft liver, spleen was not palpable, and there was no ascites. Other findings included soft systolic murmur in the pulmonary area. Chest X-ray showed features of miliary TB. Urgent investigations were carried out. Investigations revealed Hb3.2, TLC-1400, DLCn70/l20m/2/e3, MCV-70.6, MCH17.8, MCHC-25.2, ESR-118. PBF showed mild hypochromia, microcytes, and macrocytes. Liver and kidney function tests, serum electrolytes, blood sugar and urine examination was within normal limits. Abdominal USG was normal. Bone marrow examination was done to look for cause of pancytopenia. It showed megaloblastic changes. A diagnosis of disseminated TB was made and the

Two new species of Protimesius from northern Brazil (Opiliones: Laniatores: Stygnidae).

Two new species of Protimesius Roewer, 1913 (Stygnidae), are described from northern Brazil. Protimesius regalo sp. nov. is described from Lageado, state of Tocantins. This is a large species and can be easily distinguished from the already described species of Protimesius by the presence of four apical mesal acute tubercles on tibia IV and two dorsal rows of tubercles on male patella IV. Protimesius jirau sp. nov. is described from Porto Velho, state of Rond6nia. This species is similar to P. cirio in having a large, pointed, dorso-apical apophysis on the male trochanter IV. However, it can be distinguished from P. cirio by the absence of a ventral row of tubercles on the male femur IV, as well as the presence of a ventral row of tubercles and two postero-distal apophyses on the male tibia IV. A new cladistic analysis for the genus is presented, and a key is given for the 18 species of Protimesius for which males are known.

<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Two new species of <em>Pavonia</em> section <em>Lebretonia</em> subsection <em>Hastifoliae</em> (Malvaceae: Malvoideae) from southern Brazil</strong></p>

Two new species of Pavonia section Lebretonia from the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina are described, Pavonia salmonea and Pavonia exasperata . The first inhabits highland grasslands and scrub, and edges of Araucaria forest in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest biome, being distinguished from similar species by its salmon pink corollas, leaves with large stellate trichomes and features of its mericarps. The second species inhabits dry and rocky grasslands and forest edges in the Pampa biome, being distinguished from similar species by its larger apiculate mericarps with lateral acute tubercles, and by the presence of lobate basal leaves. Descriptions, illustrations, images and a distribution map for the two new species, as well as a diagnostic key, are presented.

Taxonomic remarks about Semiclivina (Kult, 1947) new status, with description of Uroclivina subgen. n., and of two new species from South America (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Clivinini)

The subgenus Semiclivina Kult, 1947 of Clivina Latreille, 1802 (sensu lato) has been re-ranked as a genus, with the most readily observed feature being the stridulation organ of the proepisterna and front femora. A group of species within Semiclivina is characterized by a peculiar acute tubercle at the posterior margin of the eye, which corresponds to an equally noticeable incision of the anterior margin of the pronotum. This group is considered as monophyletic and placed as such in the subgen. n. Uroclivina. The species Semiclivina (Uroclivina) bergeri sp. n. from Argentina and southern Brazil and Semiclivina (Uroclivina) schmidi sp. n. from French Guyana are described. The following additional species are included in Uroclivina: Clivina urophthalmoides (Kult, 1947) new combination, Clivina urophthalma (Putzeys, 1863) new combination, and Clivina oxyomma (Putzeys, 1868) new combination. The two subgenera of Semiclivina Kult, and the current five species of Uroclivina are differentiated in a key.

Cladistic analysis of the Stygninae and description of a new species of Protimesius Roewer, 1913 (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

A new species of Stygnidae is described from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Protimesius bahiensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the combination of: male femur IV unarmed and cylindrical; male patella IV with a row of large dorsal acute tubercles, increasing in size distally and male tibia IV with one mesodistal tubercle; ventral plate of the penis with three pairs of distal curved setae and one pair of intermediate setae, smaller than the rest. A cladistic analysis of the subfamily is presented. Stygninae is divided in two groups of genera: (Ricstygnus, Stygnus, Sickesia), with a wide distribution and (Pickeliana (Protimesius (Phareus (Stenophareus (Auranus (Verrucastygnus, Stenostygnoides)))))), associated to the Guiana Shield, Amazon basin and Northeastern Brazil. The monophyly of Protimesius is supported by the apex of pedipalpal tibia sockets bifid (homoplastically present in Verrucastygnus and Stenostygnoides) and by the presence of scopulae with non-spatulated hairs.

Lychnis Viscaria L. (Viscaria Vulgaris Bernh.)

Subgenus Viscaria. A tufted winter-green perennial herb. Roots of two types, white, dense fibrous below stock and longer, thick, white adventitious. Stock, woody and supporting short, erect branches, ending in mostly very short densely leafy nonflowering shoots but sometimes longer up to 50 mm, with leaves crowded on top of first node. The flowering stem is 15-60 cm, erect, hollow, dark green, becoming purple and viscid under the nodes, glabrous or slightly hairy above. Cauline leaves 50-130mm x 4-10mm, oblong to linear-lanceolate to linear-spathulate, acuminate, entire, with woolly margins at the base, otherwise glabrous, narrowing below into a long stalk-like base which widens to join the stem, becoming purple. The inflorescence is an interrupted spike-like panicle of axillary, opposite dichasia with 3-6 flowers per cyme, becoming increasingly dense towards the apex. Bracts 3-35mm long, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, decussate, clasping around the stem. Flowers 3-50, corolla 15-20mm, pedicels 3-5 mm. Calyx 615 mm, cylindrical-clavate, membranous, purplish, glabrous, 10 -ribbed with short ovate teeth. Five petals bright purple-red, pink, rarely white, entire or emarginate, with two conspicuous coronal scales 2-4 mm long at the base, claw narrow. Styles 5. Stigmas 5, feathery. Fruit 8-11 mm long, capsule ovoid, bursting the calyx, 5-8 celled, opening by 5(-8) recurved teeth, borne on a gynophore at least half as long as the ripe capsule. Seeds 0.4-0.7mm, reniform, black, with acute tubercles, borne on cells in radially and concentrically orientated rows. Seed weight 0.074 + 0.0029 mg.

Acute Generalized Miliary Tuberculosis in Adults

ACUTE generalized miliary tuberculosis is a condition that results from the sudden and often overwhelming hematogenous dissemination of tubercle bacilli from an established focus to many of the organs of the body. The large number of small, acute tubercles that develop in these organs have been said to resemble millet seeds in size and appearance, whence stems the adjective "miliary." The clinical course is so varied that diagnosis before death is often not achieved. The condition should be rigidly differentiated from the various forms of nonprogressive or slowly progressive, more or less localized forms of disseminated tuberculosis. The hematogenous dissemination . . .

Multiple Miliary Calcifications in the Lungi

In roentgenologic practice one occasionally finds in roentgenograms of the thorax of individuals who present no symptoms, or whose history does not suggest past serious illness, multiple scattered shot-like calcifications throughout the lung-fields. The mental reaction to such roentgenograms is “healed miliary tuberculosis.” Caution, however, must be exercised before accepting all of these as cases of healed miliary tuberculosis. The work of Sayers and Meriwether (1) has brought to light a number of persons presenting generalized symmetrical calcifications in the lungs, presumably of nontuberculous origin. These authors have set forth convincing evidence toward the mycotic origin of the condition and believe the Aspergillus niger to be the pathologic fungus. Sutherland (2) reports a series of cases presenting similar x-ray findings in which it is highly doubtful that tuberculosis is the cause; while Virchow (3), as early as 1855, called attention to calcium deposits in the lungs of persons who were suffering from extreme caries of bone, or some other bone destructive condition, and called the deposits “calcium metastasis.” Granting that tuberculosis is not the cause of all miliary calcifications in the lung, the fact remains that it is the cause of at least a large majority. The clinical conception that miliary tuberculosis is a disease necessarily fatal, and rapidly so, has become unsustainable in view of roentgenologic explorations of the chest revealing lungs showing miliary seeding in patients who have outlived the expected early death from miliary tuberculosis and others who, in apparently perfect health, show shot-like calcifications within the lungs not unlike tuberculosis of the miliary type. The first cases reported as healed miliary tuberculosis were diagnosed solely on the findings of miliary calcifications on x-ray films, and accepted as such, with little or no pathologic background (4, 5, 6). In these early cases, apparently no attempt was made to differentiate between hematogenous and bronchogenous spread of infection or to investigate the etiology. If a series of roentgenograms showing the condition described by Sayers and Meriwether (1) and Sutherland (2) are compared with roentgenograms of what is accepted to be healed miliary tuberculosis, and the literature carefully scrutinized, one is forced to admit that no satisfactory criterion for differential roentgenologic diagnosis has been offered, and that no one has presented conclusive and convincing evidence acceptable in making the differential clinical diagnosis of the calcifications in question. Reviewing the literature one also gets the impression that the healed miliary tubercle being discussed herein is the end-result of the acute tubercle of acute miliary tuberculosis. It is difficult, however, for anyone who has seen clinical acute miliary tuberculosis to accept this conception prima facie.

On Acute Tubercle

On Acute Tubercle