Acute Solar Retinopathy Research Articles

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings and follow-up in acute solar retinopathy

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings and follow-up in acute solar retinopathy

Acute eclipse retinopathy

Eclipse retinopathy is a rare clinical entity occurring as a result of unprotected gazing at the solar eclipse. OCT features of eclipse retinopathy vary with time of presentation and degree of damage. The presence of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in acute solar retinopathy has never been described in past. We are reporting a case of eclipse retinopathy presenting very early with asymmetrical involvement of the right eye (RE) more than the left eye (LE). We demonstrated the presence of HRF on early OCT corresponding to the degree of damage and correlating with final visual recovery (LE complete recovery while RE incomplete visual recovery).

Commentary

Commentary

Long-term Choroidal Thickness Changes After Acute Solar Retinopathy.

To identify long-term changes in choroidal thickness after solar retinopathy. The study included 25 eyes of 25 men with acute solar retinopathy. Ocular examination, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and retinal and choroidal thickness measurements obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 6.1 ± 0.4 months. The initial BCVA decreased in the affected eyes (P < .001). The mean BCVA (logMAR) improved significantly from 0.16 ± 0.06 to 0.03 ± 0.05 at 6 months (P < .001). There were no significant differences in the initial retinal and choroidal thicknesses between the affected and other eyes, while there was a significant decrease in the mean macular thickness and mean macular volume at 1 month and the mean choroidal thickness increased (P < .001). Significant retinal and choroidal thickness changes occurred after solar retinopathy. The changes in choroidal thickness suggest that the effects of solar retinopathy might not be limited to the retina.

A Case of Acute Bilateral Solar Retinopathy Diagnosed with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose: To report a case of acute bilateral solar retinopathy diagnosed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Case summary: A 74-year-old female patient consulted for amblyopia and metamorphopsia at a local hospital. On the patient’s first visit, there were no abnormal findings based on slit lamp microscope. Additional examinations were conducted since the patient complained of metamorphopsia with visual acuity and corrected vision. Fundus photography and SD-OCT examination showed symmetrical lesions near the bilateral macula. Several evaluations of the patient’s medical history confirmed that the patient was exposed directly to the sun for 30 minutes. One month after the first visit, visual acuity improved but metamorphopsia remained unchanged. Lesion status could not be confirmed by fundus photography. There was no abnormal finding on fluorescence angiography. SD-OCT examination still showed bilateral symmetric disruption of the outer retina but with no significant interval change. Conclusions: In the present case, the patient with bilateral intraocular lenses who complained of acute binocular amblyopia was diagnosed accurately through SD-OCT tests for bilateral symmetric disruption on the outer retina and repetitive evaluations of patient’s medical history. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(12):1974-1978

Морфофункціональні зміни органа зору у зимівників української антарктичної станції «академік вернадський»

The study revealed that the Antarctic territory in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadsky" can be referred to the zone of the "super high", risk in developing ophthalmological pathology, caused by ultraviolet radiation. The results of the comprehensive dynamic study of 24 winterers of the XVI and XVII Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions (2011-2013) showed the developing of specific changes in the organ of vision under the exposure to the excessive natural ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as parenchymatous-endothelial keratopathy, nuclear-posteriorcapsular phacopathy, maculopathy. Morphological changes were recorded using the cornea densitometry method: a decrease of the central cornea thickness by 14.3%, a decrease of the density and the number of endothelial cells of hexagonal type by 10.1% and 16.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Using densitometry method, we detected morphological changes in the lens. Specifically, we found an increase of the optic lens density: in median zone by 10.1%, in maximal zone by 21.6%, in posterior part by 13.1%, P < 0.05. The results of densitometry recordings point to the development of local opacity in the posterior lens parts (in the nucleus and in the capsule). The data of the computed quantitative macula perimetry showed a significant decrease of light sensitivity of retina conicalis cells by 6 times (P < 0.05). The morphological signs of the endured acute solar retinopathy were found in more than 50% winterers. The revealed pathological changes can be considered as pre-, subclinical manifestations of the cornea dystrophy, cataracts and maculodystrophy, caused by specific action of the natural UVR, thus demanding the elaboration of the combined preventive measures.

Acute Solar Retinopathy

Solar observaƟ on and eye damage is known for centuries. Unprotected eclipse viewing is the leading cause of solar reƟ nopathy. Inspite of using commercially available cerƟ fi ed solar fi lters, use of binoculars, exposed photographic fi lm and X-ray fi lm are common unsafe pracƟ ce of eclipse viewing. Public awareness by media campaigns about the appropriate protecƟ ve measures while viewing an eclipse is the mainstay in the prevenƟ on of this disease. The natural course of solar reƟ nopathy is to show resoluƟ on and visual improvement, but use of anƟ -infl ammatory drugs hastens the recovery. We report a case of young male with acute solar reƟ nopathy aŌ er viewing solar eclipse. The paƟ ent was successfully treated with corƟ costeroids with complete visual rehabilitaƟ on. Del J Ophthalmol 2012;23(4):285-287.

OCT Appearances in Acute Solar Retinopathy

A patient presented with acute solar retinopathy after gazing directly at the sun. Best-corrected visual acuities were 6/12 and 6/18 in the left and right eyes, respectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrates full-thickness hyperreflective areas (A and B) corresponding to the hypopigmented areas observed on examination (C and D). At 3 months follow-up, the patient’s vision had improved to 6/9 in both eyes. The hypopigmented areas on the maculae had faded (E and F), and OCT shows hyporeflectivity in the outer retinal layers (G and H).

Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Mild and Severe Acute Solar Retinopathy

Photochemical/thermal retinal damage that results from unprotected solar eclipse viewing has vague presentations and sometimes misleading diagnosis, especially in cases with unclear history. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique useful in differential diagnosis that can reveal characteristic foveal alterations in solar retinopathy to an unprecedented quasi histologic level. The authors present high-resolution SD-OCT findings correlated with clinical findings in three eyes of two cases with acute solar retinopathy. SD-OCT can precisely define the site and extent of damage in acute solar retinopathy. In mild forms, damage may be limited to the outer retina with inner segment/outer segment disruption. In severe forms, full thickness macular damage may be seen. Advances in retinal imaging have improved our ability to provide precise correlation with clinical presentation and prognosis.

Comparison of Spectral-Domain and Time-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Solar Retinopathy

The purpose of this article is to compare spectral-domain (SD) and time-domain (TD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with solar retinopathy. Complete ocular examinations and OCT were performed in two patients presenting with acute solar retinopathy soon after observation of an eclipse. Both patients were evaluated with SD-OCT and TD-OCT at the same time. SD-OCT demonstrated characteristic defects at the level of the inner and outer segment junction of the photoreceptors in all the affected eyes and decreased reflectiveness of the retinal pigment epithelium layer. TD-OCT images showed unremarkable findings in two eyes with deteriorated visual acuity. SD-OCT improves diagnosis and assessment of the degree and nature of foveal damage in patients with solar retinopathy and may be an important tool for use in identifying foveal damage not detected by TD-OCT. SD-OCT may be preferable to TD-OCT for confirmation or assessment of the degree of foveal damage in patients with solar retinopathy.

Foveal damage volume and visual acuity in solar retinopathy

Abstract Purpose: To correlate the size of foveal lesion measured by OCT and the visual acuity in patients complain of acute solar retinopathy. Methods: We studied patients diagnosed of acute solar retinopathy after a solar eclipse by OCT. In the acute phase, all the patients showed a hyperreflective lesion in the fovea using OCT. We measured the volumen in pixels of this foveal lesion by software image analysis (MatLab 7) and correlated this value with the best corrected visual acuity (Snellen). To evaluate the correlation we used the Spearman test and a level of P&lt;0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: Eighteen eyes were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 32,15±12 years and 33,3% were woman and 66,7% were man. Mean best corrected visual acuity was 0,65±0,29. In 100% of the eyes was observed a hyperreflective foveal lesion using OCT. Mean pixel volume lesion was 6997,62±4662,229.The correlation (r) of foveal lesion volume and best corrected visual acuity was ‐0,793 (p&lt; 0,05) Conclusions: Solar retinopathy shows a typical image in OCT, a hyperreflective lesion located in the fovea. We report a negative relation between the size of the above mentioned injury and the visual acuity. Thus, the OCT can be of great help for the diagnosis of this disease and the evaluation of the foveal damage.