Rat Model Of Acute Renal Failure Research Articles

The Effect of Breadfruit Leaves Infusion on Acute Renal Failure Rat model Abstract

Background : Empirically , breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) leaf has been used as traditional medicine for several diseases, such as acute renal failure. This research is aimed at finding the effects of breadfruit leaf infusion on blood creatinine levels in rats to model acute renal failure. Methods : This research is an experimental study, using 30 male wistar rats, weighing 150–250 g, divided into 5 groups. The first group is a negative control and the second group is a positive control. Groups 2–5 were induced with Gentamicine and peroxicam for 7 days, and then groups 3–5 given infusion of breadfruit leaf in different doses for 7 days, and then blood creatinine levels were tested at the 15 th day. This data was analyzed using a multiple comparison Dunnett T3 test because this data is not homogenous. This research was done in pharmacology laboratorium universitas padjadjaran from Oktober–November 2012. Result : Bases on average creatinine levels of 0.62, 0.87, 0.98, and 0.87 mg/dL observed for the diffetent groups, it was statistically show that significantly different creatinine levels, differing by 0.038 (p < 0.05) were observed for the control group and the group which was given an infusion of breadfruit leaf. Conclusion : It can be concluded that infusions of breadfruit leaf do have an effects on blood creatinine levels in acute renal failure. Key words : acute renal failure, breadfruit leaf, creatinine DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.527

Fetal Kidney Cells Can Ameliorate Ischemic Acute Renal Failure in Rats through Their Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Oxidative Effects.

Fetal kidney cells may contain multiple populations of kidney stem cells and thus appear to be a suitable cellular therapy for the treatment of acute renal failure (ARF) but their biological characteristics and therapeutic potential have not been adequately explored. We have culture expanded fetal kidney cells derived from rat fetal kidneys, characterized them and evaluated their therapeutic effect in an ischemia reperfusion (IR) induced rat model of ARF. The fetal kidney cells grew in culture as adherent spindle shaped/polygonal cells and expressed CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD24 and CD133 markers. Administration of PKH26 labeled fetal kidney cells in ARF rats resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and decreased tubular necrosis in the kidney tissues (p<0.05 for all). The injected fetal kidney cells were observed to engraft around injured tubular cells, and there was increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of tubular cells in the kidneys (p<0.05 for both). In addition, the kidney tissues of ARF rats treated with fetal kidney cells had a higher gene expression of renotropic growth factors (VEGF-A, IGF-1, BMP-7 and bFGF) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10); up regulation of anti-oxidative markers (HO-1 and NQO-1); and a lower Bax/Bcl2 ratio as compared to saline treated rats (p<0.05 for all). Our data shows that culture expanded fetal kidney cells express mesenchymal and renal progenitor markers, and ameliorate ischemic ARF predominantly by their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.

Serial MR Imaging of Magnetically Labeled Humen Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in Acute Renal Failure Rat Model

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for tracking intravenously injected superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in an acute renal failure (ARF) rat model. Materials and Methods: HUVECs were labeled with SPIO and poly-L-lysine (PLL) complex. Relaxation rates at 1.5-T MR, cell viability, and labeling stability were assessed. HUVECs were injected into the tail vein of ARF rats (labeled cells in 10 rats, unlabeled cells in 2 rats). Follow-up serial T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging was performed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after injection, and the MR findings were compared with histologic findings. Results: There was an average of 98.4±2.4% Prussian blue stain-positive cells after labeling with SPIOPLL complex. Relaxation rates (R2*) of all cultured HUVECs at day 3 and 5 were not markedly decreased compared with that at day 1. The stability of SPIO in HUVECs was maintained during the proliferation of HUVECs in culture media. In the presence of left unilateral renal artery ischemia, T2*-weighted MR imaging performed 1 day after the intravenous injection of labeled HUVECs revealed a significant signal intensity (SI) loss exclusively in the left renal outer medulla regions, but not in the right kidney. The MR imaging findings at days 3, 5 and 7 after intravenous injection of HUVECs showed a SI loss in the outer medulla regions of the ischemically injured kidney, but the SI progressively recovered with time and the right kidney did not have a significant change in SI in the same period. Upon histologic analysis, the SI loss on MR images was correspondent to the presence of Prussian blue stained cells, primarily in the renal outer medulla. Conclusion: MR imaging appears to be useful for in vivo monitoring of intravenously injected SPIO-labeled HUVECs in an ischemically injured rat kidney. Index words : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)∙Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)∙Cell tracking

Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Progenitor Cells Versus Mononuclear Cells on Acute Renal Failure Rat Model

Acute renal failure (ARF) resulting from ischemic or toxic insults remains a major health care problem because of its grave prognosis and the limited effectiveness of available treatment modalities. Current treatment options for ARF are limited to supportive measures and preventive strategies, none of which have been definitively shown to alter mortality. To assess the ability of human umbilical cord blood CD34(+) (HUCB CD34(+)) cells and mononuclear (HUCB MNC) cells to improve renal function of nephrotoxic kidney. ARF was induced in 30 rats by glycerol. After 24 hours, ARF was confirmed by increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum urea and creatinine levels. The rats were divided into 3 groups, group one included 10 rats treated with HUCB CD34(+) cells, group two included 10 rats treated with HUCB MNC and group three included 10 rats treated with normal saline. Five rats were included in the study as a normal control group. Serial measurement of BUN, serum urea and creatinine levels were done every three days throughout the study. To proof homing of HUCB CD34(+) into renal tissue, Y chromosome detection in renal tissue was carried out using Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Four days after the therapy, the renal function of CD34(+) and MNC treated rats improved in comparison to saline treated rats. After 2 weeks of therapy and at the end of the study (28 days), ANOVA test revealed that, there was significant difference between the four studied groups (P=.000). Y chromosomes were detected in kidneys of CD34(+) treated rats and MNC treated rats. HUCB CD34(+) cells and HUCB MNC improve renal function of nephrotoxic kidney with superiority to the HUCB MNC.

MR Tracking of Magnetically Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rat Kidneys with Acute Renal Failure

Stem cell transplantation is emerging as a potential treatment option for acute renal failure (ARF) because of its capability to regenerate tissues and organs. To better understand the mechanism of cell therapy, in vivo tracking cellular dynamics of the transplanted stem cells is needed. In the present study, in vivo monitored magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were transplanted intravascularly into an ARF rat model using a conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Rat bone marrow MSCs were labeled with home synthesized Fe2O3-PLL, and labeled (n = 6) or unlabeled MSCs (n = 6) were injected into the renal arteries of the rats with ARF induced by the intramuscular injection of glycerol. Using the same technique, labeled MSCs were also injected into the rats assigned to a control group (n = 8). MR images of kidneys were obtained before injection of MSCs as well as immediately, 1, 3, 5, and 8 days afterwards. MR findings were analyzed and compared with histopathological and immunohistochemical results. These results showed that the rat MSCs were successfully labeled with the home synthesized Fe2O3-PLL. In both renal failure and intact rat models, the labeled MSCs demonstrated a loss of signal intensity in the renal cortex on T2*-weighted MR images, which was visible up to 8 days after transplantation. Histological analyses showed that most of the labeled MSCs that tested positive for Prussian blue staining were in glomerular capillaries, corresponding to the areas where a loss in signal intensity was observed in the MRI. A similar signal intensity decrease was not detected in the rats with unlabeled cells. These data demonstrate that the magnetically labeled MSCs in the rat model of ARF were successfully evaluated in vivo by a 1.5 T MRI system, showing that the mechanisms of stem cell therapy have great potential for future ARF treatment recipients.

Comparison of Renal Damage by Iodinated Contrast or Gadolinium in an Acute Renal Failure Rat Model Based on Serum Creatinine Levels and Apoptosis Degree

This study was undertaken to compare renal damage, as determined by serum creatinine and degree of apoptosis, caused by iodinated contrast or gadolinium in an acute renal failure (ARF) rat model. Rats were divided into three groups; controls (n=3), a CT contrast medium group (n=9), and an MR contrast medium group (n=9). The CT and MR groups were further subdivided into three groups, namely, low, standard, and high dose subgroups. Renal function was evaluated by determining serum creatinine levels; before ARF, and 48 hr after ARF and contrast administration. Apoptosis was assayed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). No significant creatinine level differences were observed between the CT and MR groups (p=0.116). Degrees of apoptosis in the renal cortex and medulla were more severe in the CT contrast medium group than in the control or MR contrast medium group (p<0.05). The study shows that CT contrast medium did not aggravate renal function more so than MR contrast medium in this ARF rat model. However, apoptosis examination in the renal cortex and medulla indicated that CT contrast medium induced more severe apoptosis than MR contrast medium (p<0.05). We conclude that CT contrast medium can be used for renal imaging studies when subjects are well hydrated and preventive medication is administered.

In Vitro in Vivo Studies on Removal of Middle Molecules by Macroporous Resins

Various types of macroporous resin beads were screened for the adsorption of middle molecules in vitro. In order to obtain high adsorption capacity, the pore size of the resin should be large enough to allow diffusion of the middle molecules. The adsorption capacity of X-5 resin for Vitamin B12, inulin and cytochrome C was 35.3 mg/g, 1.2 mg/g and 42.9 mg/g respectively in vitro tests. Hemoperfusion with acute renal failure rat model showed good clearance (0.35 +/- 0.25) with X-5 resin for middle molecules.