Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment Research Articles

Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Detecting Retinal Tears in Acute, Symptomatic Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

To evaluate the association of posterior vitreous opacities (PVO) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) with retinal tears identified on exam, in patients with acute, symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Data was retrospectively collected from the medical records of 388 patients with acute, symptomatic PVD between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021. Included patients had received a primary diagnosis of PVD and presented with flashes and/or floaters. OCT scans were reviewed by two separate readers for the presence of PVOs. The primary outcome was the presence of retinal tear on fundus photo and on exam. Of 388 patients who presented with acute PVD symptoms, 90 (23.2%) were found to have a retinal tear on dilated fundus exam. Among these patients, 78 (86.7%) were found to have PVOs on OCT. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between the presence of PVOs and retinal tear (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of this finding was 86.7% and 72.5%, respectively. Further analysis included Area Under the Curve (AUC) from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve which was found to be 0.80. The presence of PVOs on OCT is suggestive of a retinal tear in patients with acute, symptomatic PVD.

An unusual case of posterior vitreous detachment

Purpose: To describe a case of spontaneous closure of a macular microhole induced by an acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Methods: Retrospective case report and analysis of patient data. Case Report: We present a case of spontaneous closure of a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induced macular microhole. In our patient, macular microhole developed a few weeks after acute PVD. The development of macular hole secondarily to acute PVD is rare, and there are reports of spontaneous closure. Reporting this case is important to alert clinicians to the potential self-resolving nature of this pathology. Conclusion: Macular hole is a rare complication of acute PVD. Some cases resolve spontaneously without the need for surgical correction. A conservative approach may be an appropriate setting if no high-risk features are present.

Timing of Delayed Retinal Pathology in Patients Presenting with Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight)

To determine the timing to delayed retinal pathology in eyes presenting with acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Retrospective database study. Patients in the IRIS registry found to have acute posterior vitreous detachment based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Ninth and Tenth Revision, codes were followed. Patients coded to have a PVD from 2013 to 2018 along with CPT coding of extended ophthalmoscopy were included. Ocular baseline characteristics included visual acuity, lens status, presence or absence of vitreous hemorrhage, myopia, lattice degeneration and sub-specialty training of the treating physician. Timing (days) to delayed retinal break or detachment RESULTS: A total of 434,046 eyes met inclusion/exclusion criteria and 10,518 eyes (2.42%) presented with a delayed retinal break or detachment after initial PVD. The median time to retinal break and detachment after initial PVD was 42 (range 1-365) days and 51 (range 1-365) days, respectively. Eyes with vitreous hemorrhage (HR: 9.30, 95% CI [8.50-10.2], history of RB/RD in the fellow eye (HR: 3.91, 95% CI [3.64-4.20]), lattice degeneration (HR: 2.61, 95% CI [2.35-2.90]), and myopia (HR: 1.42, 95% CI [1.33-1.53]) were found to be at a higher risk of developing delayed break or detachment. Follow up examination after initial PVD is necessary to diagnose delayed or missed retinal pathology. In eyes with no initial pathology, providers should consider repeat examination at least once within six weeks, and within 1 month for eyes with higher risk features.

Outcomes following repair of early-onset versus delayed-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachments after acute posterior vitreous detachment

AimTo report anatomical and functional outcomes after surgical repair of acute-onset vs delayed-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RDs) following acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).MethodsA retrospective, comparative interventional cohort study where patients...

Окт диагностика скрытого клапанного разрыва при задней отслойке стекловидного тела

Changes in the posterior vitreous that look like hyperreflective dots are considered as a predictor of peripheral retinal breaks in acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), along with Shafer's sign, intraretinal and vitreous hemorrhages. Some of peripheral breaks in acute PVD remain unnoticed at the initial ophthalmoscopic examination due to poor visualization. We report a clinical case of an invisible peripheral retinal flap tear detection with overview wide-field OCT (RTVue XR Avanti, Line mode –12 mm) scanning by «sliding» method in the area of retinal hemorrhage in presence of multiple hyperreflective dots in the vitreous during acute symptomatic PVD. Key words: acute PVD; invisible flap tear; wide-field OCT; retinal hemorrhage; stardust sign; hyperreflective dots.

Analysis of Posterior Vitreous Detachment and Development of Complications Using a Large Database of Retina Specialists

To examine the incidence of complications after posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) through an extended follow-up period and to identify patient-specific factors associated with a greater incidence of complication. Multicenter, retrospective observational study. Eyes with acute PVDs between 2015 and 2019 were identified through the Vestrum Health database. Complications (vitreous hemorrhage, retinal break, and retinal detachment) were evaluated after acute PVD at presentation and throughout the 6-month follow-up period. Rate of complications throughout the 6 month follow-up period after PVD and odds of complications by patient-specific factors. A total of 9635 eyes were included. The rate of any complication was 25.0%, isolated vitreous hemorrhage was 13.1%, retinal breaks without detachment was 16.0%, and retinal detachment was 4.2%. The majority of each complication was noted at presentation; however, 8.0% of isolated vitreous hemorrhages, 19.2% of retinal breaks without detachment, and 25.8% of retinal detachments were first noted within the 6-month follow-up period. Men experienced a significantly higher rate of any complication than women (30.0% versus 21.7%, P < 0.001), as well as retinal breaks and retinal detachments at both presentation and within 6-month follow-up. Patients with pseudophakia experienced significantly higher rates of delayed retinal detachment than phakic eyes (odds ratio, 1.85 [1.13, 3.04], P= 0.01). Among eyes with lattice/peripheral retinal degeneration, 44.2% experienced any complication throughout the clinical course. The presence of a retinal break in the fellow eye and retinal detachment in the fellow eye was associated with a significantly increased rate of any complication at any time point (retinal break: P < 0.0001; retinal detachment: P= 0.02), as well as each individual complication within the 6 month follow-up period. Among eyes with vitreous hemorrhage at presentation, 42.0% had a concurrent or delayed retinal break and 10.5% had concurrent or delayed retinal detachments. A clinically significant proportion of PVD-related complications are detected late, warranting extended follow-up, especially in higher-risk groups such as men, pseudophakic eyes, eyes with lattice/peripheral retinal degeneration, and eyes with a history of retinal breaks or detachment in the fellow eye. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Retinal Tears after an Acute, Symptomatic Posterior Vitreous Detachment

To determine the long-term incidence of and risk factors for delayed retinal tears after acute, symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) without concurrent retinal tears. Retrospective, observational case series. Patients diagnosed with an acute, symptomatic PVD without concurrent retinal tears at a tertiary eye center between 2013 and2018. This is a retrospective, consecutive, and observational case series. Acute and symptomatic PVD was defined as experiencing flashes or floaters for 1 month or less at the time of diagnosis. Patients with a retinal tear or detachment at or before the time of diagnosis were not included. The occurrence and timing of subsequent retinal tears after initial PVD diagnosis were recorded. The age, sex, race, refractive error, lens status, lattice degeneration status, and type of physician (retina specialist vs. nonretina specialist) who saw the patient were also recorded. Time to the development of a delayed retinal tear. A total of 389 eyes from 389 patients had acute and symptomatic PVDs without concurrent retinal tears or detachments at diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 7.39% of eyes developed delayed retinal tears by 6.24 years after initial PVD diagnosis. Of these tears, 50% occurred within 4.63 months of PVD diagnosis, and 63.46% occurred within 1 year of PVD diagnosis. Cox-Mantel log-rank analysis showed that those who were younger (age < 60 years), myopic, or had lattice degeneration were more likely to develop tears. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models controlling for other significant risk factors supported lattice degeneration as a likely risk factor for delayed retinal tear. This study demonstrates that 7.39% of patients with acute, symptomatic PVD without concurrent retinal tears develop delayed retinal tears by 6.24 years after PVD diagnosis, with many developing tears well after a typical 6-week follow-up time for PVD. Lattice degeneration is a significant risk factor for delayed tears. These findings can guide clinicians in establishing optimal follow-up protocols for patients with acute, symptomatic PVD. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Spontaneous Breakaway of Tractional Flap Tear during Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment after Laser Retinopexy

Flap tears in the peripheral retina are the most dangerous for the occurrence of regmatogenous retinal detachment (61–83 %), as they are always the result of dynamic vitreoretinal traction. The main method of preventing of regmatogenous retinal detachment in patients with flap tears is laser treatment. Prophylactic laser retinopexy is performed to create an area of sufficient chorioretinal adhesion completely surrounding the retinal break. Currently, the method of non-contact navigated laser retinopexy is widely used. It is safe and well-tolerated procedure equally effective to traditional laser coagulation. The reason for the progression of retinal detachment, which occurs despite preventive therapy, may be insufficient fusion around the retinal break, or the active traction force during the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). The method of flap retinotomy using modern YAG laser systems with coaxial illumination have been reported in the literature, but there are no publications on spontaneous breakaway of tractional flap tear during acute PVD progression. The case of spontaneous breakaway of tractional flap tear during acute posterior vitreous detachment after laser retinopexy is presented. A 55-year-old woman complained of floaters and photopsias in her left eye within a day. Multimodal examination was performed: visometry, perimetry, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound B-scanning, optical coherence tomography of the retina, fundus photoregistration. Laser treatment was performed with the Navilas Laser System 577s using the non-contact ncPRP lens.Results: The examination revealed a flap tear in the upper nasal segment with subretinal fluid around and spot hemorrhage. Preventive non-contact laser coagulation of the retina was performed in six rows together along the entire border of the tear. 11 days after the operation, the patient applied again with complaints of increased photopsias within a day. During the examination, spontaneous breakaway of the flap from the base, complete retinal attachment, absence of intraocular hemorrhage were revealed.Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and preventive laser retinopexy of peripheral retinal flap tear contributed to the prevention of development of the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Teleorientation in the ophthalmology service in a public hospital from May to August 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

Objectives:&#x0D; To identify presumptive diagnoses of patients treated by synchronous teleorientation in the Ophthalmology Service of Cayetano Heredia Hospital (CHH) during the COVID-19 pandemic, describing their demographic characteristics and the percentage of patients referred for a face-to-face evaluation.&#x0D; Methods:&#x0D; A retrospective observational descriptive study with secondary analysis of a database collected from May to August 2020 consisting of patients treated with teleorientation in the Ophthalmology service at CHH.&#x0D; Results:&#x0D; Three hundred and eight patients were included in the analysis. The main presumptive diagnoses were dry eye syndrome (24,68%), glaucoma (18.51%), cataract (17,85%), post-operated (5,84%) and viral/bacterial conjunctivitis (5,52%). Most patients were female (64,29%) and they came from Metropolitan Lima (91,88%). The number of older adults was higher than that of non-older adults (51,29% vs 48,70%). Finally, the patients sent to the Ophthalmology service for a face-to-face appointment were 4,55%. &#x0D; Discussion:&#x0D; During the period of this study, the main presumptive diagnosis was dry eye syndrome. This result obtained is similar to other hospitals. The main presumptive diagnoses that required a face-to-face appointment were acute posterior vitreous detachment, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration because they needed especial examination, like measuring the intraocular pressure and fundoscopy. Older adults required assistance more frequently compared to the non-older adult group (84.41% vs 59.57%, p&lt; 0,001).&#x0D;

Clinical findings in acute posterior vitreous detachment.

To analyze the typical presentation of acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), including demographics and prevalence of various treatable findings in the same and fellow eye. Retrospective analysis of medical records from 2346 patients with acute PVD. Descriptive statistics were generated on age, sex, contact date, visual acuity, and slit lamp, and fundoscopy findings. Multivariate regressions were used to generate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to quantify associations between variables. A total of 4692 eyes from 2346 patients were analyzed. Most patients were female (60.5%) with an average age of 62.8years old. Overall, 605 patients (25.8%) had any additional ocular finding on fundus exam, including pigmentation (N = 184, 7.8%), lattice degeneration (N = 158, 6.7%), tear (N = 131, 5.6%), and hole (N = 131, 5.2%). Unilateral retinal detachment was present in 26 patients (1.1%), and these patients demonstrated a similar rate (26.9%) of additional ocular findings compared to the entire sample size. Female sex (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.43, p = 0.020) was independently associated with presentation during spring or summer. Acute PVD is associated with a number of risk factors and peripheral lesions. These findings may be useful in treating and predicting the course and development of PVD.

Острая задняя отслойка стекловидного тела

The detachment of the posterior hyaloid membrane (posterior vitreous detachment /PVD/) means the separation of the posterior vitreous cortex from the internal limiting membrane of the retina and the optic disc. Traditionally, PVD is considered as a physiological process associated with the involutional changes of the vitreous body. In most cases, the early stages of acute PVD are asymptomatic. Patients do not seek for medical care until an acute condition occurs along with the development of typical symptoms. It happens when the posterior hyaloid membrane completely separates from the retina and the optic disc, or when complications of this process develop, such as hemorrhages in the vitreous and retina, retinal breaks/tears and detachment, and macular lesions. Taking into consideration the spontaneous PVD onset and the risk of various complications, it is necessary to conduct a thorough research of the etiology and pathogenesis of this process, identify potential predisposing and triggering factors, and to define tactics of patient management, timely detection and treatment of complications. It is important to assess the informational value of special instrumental methods of patient examination, such as B-scan ultrasound imaging and optical coherence tomography. These methods open new perspectives for verifying the diagnostic accuracy, revealing complications, visualizing residual vitreoretinal adhesions, and offering tactics for further patient management. Keywords: acute posterior vitreous detachment, posterior hyaloid membrane, peripheral retinal breaks/tears, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, vitreomacular traction syndrome, B-scan ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography. For citation: Volodin P.L., Belyanina S.I. Аcute posterior vitreous detachment. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(4):247– 253 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-4-247-253.

Complications of Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment

To evaluate the risk factors for retinal tear (RT) or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with acute, symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in a large comprehensive eye care setting. Retrospective cohort study. A total of 8305 adult patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Healthcare System (KPNC) during calendar year 2018 who met inclusion criteria. The KPNC electronic medical record was queried to capture acute, symptomatic PVD events. Each chart was reviewed to confirm diagnoses and capture specific data elements from the patient history and ophthalmic examination. Presence of RT or RRD at initial presentation or within 1 year thereafter. Of 8305 patients who presented with acute PVD symptoms, 448 (5.4%) were diagnosed with RT and 335 (4.0%) were diagnosed with RRD. When considering variables available before examination, blurred vision (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; confidence interval [CI], 2.2-3.3), male sex (OR, 2.1; CI, 1.8-2.5), age < 60 years (OR,1.8; CI, 1.5-2.1), prior keratorefractive surgery (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.3-2.0), and prior cataract surgery (OR, 1.4; CI, 1.2-1.8) were associated with higher risk of RT or RRD, whereas symptoms of flashes were mildly protective (OR,0.8; CI, 0.7-0.9). Examination variables associated with a high risk of RT or RRD included vitreous pigment (OR, 57.0; CI, 39.7-81.7), vitreous hemorrhage (OR, 5.9; CI, 4.6-7.5), lattice degeneration (OR, 6.0; CI, 4.7-7.7), and visual acuity worse than 20/40 (OR, 3.0; CI, 2.5-3.7). Late RTs or RRDs occurred in 12.4% of patients who had vitreous hemorrhage, lattice degeneration, or a history of RT or RRD in the fellow eye at initial presentation but only 0.7% of patients without any of these 3 risk factors. Refractive error had an approximately linear relationship with age at presentation of PVD, with myopic patients presenting at a younger age (r= 0.4). This study, based in a comprehensive eye care setting, found the rate of RT and RRD associated with acute PVD to be lower than rates previously reported by retina subspecialty practices. Several patient features strongly predicted the presence of initial and late complications of acute PVD.

Spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment: A glance at the current literature.

Spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common age-related condition in which prevalence tends to increase with age. Acute PVD can cause the onset of symptoms that include visual disturbances, myodesopsia and photopsia. The goal of this short review was to provide a quick glance at the important factors related to PVD based on current literature in this field, which includes incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, and education for patients with acute symptoms, and treatments. The take home message is that an ophthalmic examination at the onset of symptoms is of utmost importance, considering that irreversible sight-threatening complications can be prevented if diagnosed and treated promptly.

Acute symptomatic vitreous floaters assessed with ultra-wide field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography

To describe the eyes with vitreous floaters and to analyze the development of acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). A retrospective review of medical records was performed on patients with the vitreous floater developed for the first time of their life. Peripapillary vitreous opacity (pVO) was searched in Ultra-wide field (UWF) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and PVD stage was assessed through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). 196 patients (55 males and 141 females), who were 58.4 (± 9.1) years old, visited a retinal clinic 9.4 (± 9.1) days after they experienced vitreous floaters. In 196 eyes, pVO was noticed in 122 eyes (62.2%) at UWF. In 106 eyes where SD-OCT data were available, PVD was noticed in 100 eyes (94.3%). Symptomatic eyes showed more advanced stage of PVD (p < 0.001) than symptom free eyes. Eyes with floaters were more myopic (− 0.7 ± 2.2D vs − 0.5 ± 1.9D, p = 0.02), and had lower intraocular pressure (IOP) (14.7 ± 3.2 mmHg vs 15.2 ± 3.0 mmHg, p = 0.02) than the other symptom free eyes. In patients with first floater symptoms, PVD was in progress in most of the eyes not only the symptomatic eyes but also on the contralateral symptom free eyes. Eyes with vitreous floaters were more myopic and had lower IOP than the opposite symptom free eyes.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Epiretinal Membrane Following Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Incidence and Risk Factors of Epiretinal Membrane Following Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Posterior vitreous detachment-study of prevalence, symptoms and risk factors for retinal tears

Purpose: To describe clinical characteristics of patients who presented with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and determine the prevalence and predictors of retinal tears and retinal complications.Material and methods: 250 patients who presented in RIO, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana with clinical diagnosis of acute symptomatic PVD were examined and followed up over a period of 1 year. Results: A total of 250 patients who presented with acute PVD-related symptoms like floaters, flashes of light or deterioration in vision were enrolled in our study. Incidence of retinal tear was found to be 8% (n=20) and that of vitreous hemorrhage or retinal hemorrhage was 14% (n=35) in our study group over a period of 1 year. Predictors of retinal tears were visual impairment, vitreous hemorrhage and duration of symptoms

Preventive laser treatment of tractional symptomatic retinal flap tears: long-term outcomes

Case monitoring of tractional symptomatic flap tears after laser treatment. From 2014 to 2019 we observed 119 patients (130 eyes) with peripheral flap (horseshoe) retinal tears in acute posterior vitreous detachment. Laser coagulation of the retina was performed using Navilas 577s (577 nm), OcuLight GL (532 nm). Laser retinotomy of horseshoe tear flap and dissection of overhanging vessels were performed using Nd:YAG-ultra Q Reflex laser (1064 nm) and controlled with RTVue XR Avanti. At the initial examination before the preventive laser coagulation, the following conditions were found: regmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) - 8 eyes (6.2%), partial hemophthalmus - 29 (22.3%), preretinal hemorrhage - 15 (11.5%), epiretinal membrane - 9 (6.9%), non-full-thickness macular retinal breaks - 6 (4.6%), peripheral changes: retinal holes - 16 (12.3%), tears with operculum - 5 (3.8%), retinal degenerations - 40 eyes (30.8%). Observation for 5 years after laser retinopexy revealed new pathological changes: flap tears - 13 (10.6%); holes - 9 (7.4%); tears with operculum - 5 (4.1%); vitreoretinal tuft - 6 (4.9%); RRD - 3 cases (2.5%). In 16 patients (16 eyes) with horseshoe tear and pronounced vitreoretinal traction, the flap retinotomy was performed, which eliminated the traction component and prevented the development of RRD. Follow-up of tractional symptomatic flap tears for 5 years after preventive laser retinopexy revealed the appearance of retinal detachment in 2.5% of cases. Laser retinotomy of horseshoe tear after barrier retinopexy eliminated the traction component and helped prevent the development of RRD.

Delayed Retinal Breaks and Detachments after Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment

To determine the incidence and timing of delayed retinal breaks and retinal detachments (RDs) after acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and associated risk factors. Retrospective case-control study. Acute PVD eyes treated between October 2015 and August 2018 at a single academic retina practice. Eyes with a PVD diagnosis and history of extended ophthalmoscopic examination on presentation were identified using diagnostic billing codes. The number of eyes with a history of laser retinopexy, cryotherapy for retinal tear, or RD repair was determined using procedural billing codes, and the duration between initial and treatment visits was measured. Records of eyes with a delayed retinal break or RD and of a reference group comprising the first 100 presenting eyes with no initial or delayed retinal break or RD were reviewed to determine and compare the presence of select risk factors on initial examination. Development of a delayed retinal break or RD. Of 7999 eyes with acute PVD, 1280 (16.0%) showed a retinal break and 499 (6.2%) showed an RD on presentation. Delayed retinal breaks and RDs were found in 209 (2.6%) and 80 (1.0%) eyes, respectively. Of delayed breaks, 116 (55.5%) were found in 6 weeks or less and 93 (44.5%) were found more than 6 weeks after presentation. Of delayed RDs, 26 (32.5%) were found in 6 weeks or less and 54 (67.5%) were found more than 6 weeks after presentation. Compared with the reference group, vitreous hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 2.53 [P < 0.001] and 2.80 [P= 0.001]) and male gender (hazard ratio, 1.36 [P= 0.03] and 1.87 [P= 0.02]) were risk factors for delayed retinal breaks and RDs, respectively. Pseudophakia (hazard ratio, 2.10; P= 0.004) was also a risk factor for delayed RD; older age (odds ratio, 0.96; P= 0.01) was slightly protective. Vitreous hemorrhage was a risk factor for earlier retinal breaks (≤6 weeks vs. >6 weeks; odds ratio, 3.58; P < 0.001). Clinically significant rates of newly detected retinal breaks and RDs may occur after acute PVD, suggesting that repeat examination may be prudent in these patients.

Ultrasonic examination of the reliability of vitreous hemorrhage after acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment of retinal tear

Objective To evaluate the reliability of ultrasonic examination of vitreous hemorrhage after acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment of retinal tear. Methods The data of 80 eyes of 80 patients with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Ultrasound examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed on all patients. The results of the indirect ophthalmoscope examination were used as the gold standard to compare the results of the two tests. Results Membrane lesions characterized by retinal tear ultrasound were described in 13 patients (16.25%). Fundus indirect ophthalmoscopy examination confirmed the diagnosis of 8 patients and they recived laser photocoagulation.The local vitreous condensation was detected in other 5 cases.One case received laser photocoagulation due to secondary changes in retinal traction.Sensitivity was 100.00% (95% CI, 60.14%-100.00%), specificity was 93.06% (95% CI, 58.51%-97.82%), positive predictive value was 61.53% (95% CI, 32.82%-85.76%)and negative predictive value was 100.00% (95% CI, 93.09%-100.00%). The positive likelihood ratio was 13.41 (95% CI, 5.82-31.114) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0. Conclusion Ultrasonography has high sensitivity and negative predictive value in the detection of vitreous hemorrhage after acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment of the retina, and is used to exclude high reliability of retinal tear. Key words: Ultrasonography; Posterior, detachment, vitreous, symptomatic, acute; Tear, retinal; Hemorrhage, Vitreous

Comment on "Ultrasound reliability in detection of retinal tear in acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment with vitreous hemorrhage".

Comment on "Ultrasound reliability in detection of retinal tear in acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment with vitreous hemorrhage".