Objective: To observe the effect of CAGE regimen in the treatment of adult refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: In this experiment, 86 adult patients with refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia who were treated between January 2018 and January 2022 were selected as experimental subjects and were divided into two groups, the observation group and the control group, according to different treatment methods, with 43 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with the CAGE regimen, whereas the control group was treated with conventional therapy. The disease remission rate and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. Results: The comparison of disease remission rates between the two groups showed that there was no significant difference in the results of the first course of treatment and the second course of treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The CAGE regimen has a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of adult refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. It improves the treatment advantage of patients during the treatment process, thus alleviating the condition of patients and improving their quality of life.