Acute Endometritis Research Articles

Leonurine Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Endometritis by Modulating Mouse JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt/PPAR Signaling Pathways.

Endometritis is a common disease in postpartum cows, characterized by delayed uterine recovery due to endometrial inflammation. Although antibiotics and hormones are commonly used, they have certain limitations. One potential alternative is using motherwort extract, specifically leonurine, which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. However, leonurine's exact molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, 40 mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, endometritis model group, LPS + leonurine group (30 mg/kg), and LPS + dexamethasone group (5 mg/kg). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that leonurine modulates multiple signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt, and influences the expression of key genes, such as Prlr, Socs2, Col1a1, and Akt1. Furthermore, leonurine effectively reduces levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β (p < 0.01), which play a crucial role in regulating acute endometritis. Additionally, leonurine helps maintain cholesterol homeostasis and attenuates inflammation through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway by modulating genes such as Cyp27a1, Hmgcs1, and Scd2. These findings suggest that leonurine has a protective effect against LPS-induced endometritis and that its anti-inflammatory properties involve multiple pathways and targets, which are potentially mediated by regulating signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt and PPAR.

Noradrenaline and adrenoreceptors regulate prostaglandin F2A formation in endometrium after experimentally-induced inf lammation in the pig

Abstract Endometritis is the most common pathology in animals. However, in the context of an inflamed endometrium, alterations occur in the production of prostaglandins (PG s) and the noradrenergic innervation of the uterus, although the precise relationship between noradrenaline (NA), adrenoreceptors (AR s), and the output of PG F2α remains unclear. To clarify this issue, the participation of α1-, α2- and β-AR s in NA-influenced PG F synthase (PG FS) and PG 9-ketoreductase/carbonyl reductase (CBR1) protein abundances in the porcine inflamed endometrium, and the secretion of PG F2α from the tissue were determined. E. coli suspension (E. coli group) or saline (CO N group) was injected into the uterine horns. After eight days, severe acute endometritis was diagnosed in the E. coli group. Endometrial explants were treated with NA and/or α1-, α2- and β-AR s antagonists. In the CO N and E. coli groups, NA increased endometrial PG FS and CBR1 protein abundances and PG F2α secretion, compared to the control values (obtained from an endometrium that had not undergone any in vitro treatment). In the E. coli group, NA-stimulated CBR1 protein abundance and PG F2α release were higher, while PG FS protein abundance was lower than in the CO N group. In the latter group, the antagonists of α1A-, α1D-, α2B- and α2C-AR s isoforms and β2- AR s subtype decreased NA-stimulated PG FS protein abundances, compared to NA action alone. In the E. coli group, this effect on PG FS abundances evoked α1D-, α2C-, β1- and β2-AR s antagonists with NA. Antagonists of α1B-, α2B-, β1- and β2-AR s in the CO N group and antagonists of α1B-, α1D-, α2A-, α2C-, β1- and β2-AR s in the E. coli group eliminated a rise in the NA-stimulated CBR1 abundance of protein versus the NA influence alone. In comparison to NA effect alone, α1D-, α2C- and β2-AR s antagonists with NA reduced PG F2α secretion in both the CON and E. coli groups. Such effect on PG F2α release was also exerted in the E. coli group by α1B-, α2A- and β1-AR s antagonists with NA. Summarizing, in the porcine inflamed endometrium, NA increases PG FS protein abundance via α1D-, α2C- and β(1, 2)-AR s, and CBR1 protein abundance and PG F2α release by α1(B, D)-, α2(A, C) and β(1, 2)-AR s. The obtained findings suggest that, in an indirect manner, NA may affect the PG F2α-regulated processes by influencing its production and secretion. The results could offer new targets for drugs to regulate inflammation and improve uterine and ovarian functions.

Microbial landscape in acute purulent-catarrhal postpartum endometritis in cows

A special place among environmental factors affecting the body of animals is occupied by microorganisms— pathogens of infectious diseases. In this regard, the problem of circulation of associations of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms capable of causing a fairly wide range of pathologies in cattle in cattle is acute. The article provides a study of the microbial background of the vaginal-luminous contents selected in the acute purulent-catarrhal postpartum endomethry in cows. It was shown that 58 strains of opportunistic microorganisms of 13 species, classified into 6 genera, were isolated from 20 cows suffering from acute purulent catarrhal endometritis. The most frequently isolated cultures were St. aureus, E. coli (serotypes O4, O9 and O83), Str. pyogenes, Str. agalactiae, P. aeruginosa, Str. uberis and Str. faecalis. Moreover, the development of acute purulent-catarrhal endometritis in cows was more often caused by grampositive bacteria. Of the 58 isolated strains of microorganisms, 22 (37.9%) cultures caused the death of white mice when administered intraperitoneally. At the same time, gram-positive cocci were more likely to have pathogenic properties, namely representatives of the genera Streptococcus spp. (11 — 50.0%) and Staphylococcus spp. (6 — 27.3%) isolates, respectively. It was found that endometritis more often causes associations of opportunistic microorganisms, which included three joints in 14 (50.0%) cases, less often four joints in 7 (25.0%) cases. The isolated microorganisms were sensitive to only three antibacterial drugs: cefkin, cefepime and marbofloxacin.

ОПЫТ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕРОДОВОГО ЭНДОМЕТРИТА У КОРОВ

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the therapeutic effectiveness of a local antiseptic drug based on tea tree essential oil for acute postpartum catarrhal endometritis in cows. The study was conducted at the Department of VNB, Obstetrics and Physiology of Farm Animals of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, on the basis of the dairy farm of the Balakhta District of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The object of the study is red-motley cows. Research methods: obstetric and gynecological medical examination of breeding stock; the diagnosis of acute postpartum catarrhal-purulent endometritis was established during a clinical and gynecological examination of fresh cows, which inclu-ded thermometry, rectal and vaginal examination. The diagnosis was considered confirmed when pathological discharge of a catarrhal nature appeared from the uterus during rectal massage. Two experimental groups of fresh cows were formed according to the principle of analogues (based on live weight, age, lactation, clinical manifestation of the form of acute endometritis). In the 1st experimental group, scheme № 1 was used: a 25 % oil solution of tea tree essential oil was administered intrauterinely in a dose of 20 ml daily once a day until clinical recovery; eleovit 8 ml was administered intramuscularly on the 1st and 5th days of treatment; uteroton 10 ml was administered intramuscularly daily once a day for 3 days; 0.05 % chlorhexidine solution 200 ml – intravaginally; rectal massage of the uterus once a day. In the 2nd experimental group, treatment regimen № 2 was used, which differed from regimen № 1 by using a 50 % oil solution of tea tree essential oil in a similar dosage. The best therapeutic effect in the treatment of acute catarrhal endometritis was obtained using scheme № 2 using a 50 % oil solution of tea tree essential oil. Du¬ring the seven-day course of treatment, therapeutic effectiveness was obtained in 60.0 % of cases; prolongation of the course of therapy led to the recovery of all animals in this experimental group. The ave¬rage duration of treatment for the group was 8.0 days.

The effectiveness of vaccination in acute postpartum endometritis of cows

The article presents the results of studies of the vaccine against infectious mastitis and acute postpartum endometritis of cows inactivated. The specific efficacy of the vaccine was determined by the number of cases of cows with endometritis. The disease was recorded in 14.2% of the experimental and 52.5% of the animals in the control group within a month after calving.An experiment was conducted comparing the effectiveness of two immunization regimens, the first of which provides for primary vaccination of pregnant animals, the second — the beginning of immunization of heifers from 6–8 months of age, followed by a single injection every 6 months at a dose of 3 ml. During the experiment, endometritis was detected in 10% of cows in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, which is 3.7 times lower than in animals in the control group (36.6%). Thus, it was established that both animal immunization schemes are effective in combating the incidence of calving cows with endometritis.When studying the intrauterine secretions of cows with endometritis, a significant effect of immunization on the species composition of pathogens was established. Thus, in cows of the control group, E.coli with endometritis was isolated 3.4 times more often than in animals of the experimental group. A similar pattern was observed for other microorganisms: the number of S. aureus isolates detected was 2.2 times less in the experimental group, S. agalactiae — 15.0 times, S. dysgalactiae — 2.0 times, S. uberis — 6.0 times, S. pyogenes — 3.0 times, K. pneumoniae — 3.4 times less in comparison with the control group.

Inflammatory markers for differentiation of endometritis in the mare.

Endometrial biopsy is required to diagnose mares with chronic endometritis and endometrial degenerative fibrosis. An increase in understanding of equine reproductive immunology could be utilised to create less-invasive, time-efficient diagnostic tools especially when evaluating mares for chronic endometritis. To evaluate inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations in uterine fluid samples collected by low-volume lavage (LVL) as a potential screening diagnostic biomarker for endometritis. Prospective cross-sectional clinical study. Forty-six mares underwent a LVL and subsequently endometrial biopsy. Mares were split in three groups: healthy, acute endometritis, and chronic endometrial fibrosis (CEF) based on cytological and histological evaluation. A fluorescent bead-based multiplex assay for IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, sCD14, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were carried out on the LVL fluid. The endometrial biopsy was utilised for histology and qPCR of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL3 genes. Statistical analyses examined differences in inflammatory markers and predictive modelling for diseased endometrium. Secreted concentrations of IFN-γ were lower in LVL fluid from reproductively healthy mares compared with acute endometritis (p = 0.04) and CEF (p = 0.006). Additionally, IL-17, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.04) in LVL from CEF mares compared with healthy mares. Mares with CCL2 concentrations ≥550 pg/mL (14/14) had 100% probability of having CEF and/or acute endometritis. Healthy mares had lower relative abundance of IL-17 mRNA compared with mares in CEF group [median (interquartile rage) = 14.76 (13.3, 15.3) and 12.4 (10.54, 13.81)], respectively (p = 0.02). Limited sample size: larger numbers of mares with and without endometritis are required and reference intervals in LVL samples have to be established. Inflammatory chemokines and cytokines concentrations differed between healthy mares and mares with acute endometritis or CEF in LVL.

Lack of Annexin A1 Exacerbates Inflammatory Response in Acute Endometritis Model.

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a glucocorticoid-inducible protein and an important endogenous modulator of inflammation. However, its effect in the endometrial microenvironment is poorly explained. This study aimed to evaluate the role of endogenous AnxA1 in an endometritis mouse model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Female C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and AnxA1-/- mice were divided into two groups: SHAM and LPS. To induce endometritis, mice received a vaginal infusion of 50 μL of LPS (1 mg/mL) dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline. After 24 h, the mice were euthanized, and blood and uteri samples were collected. The endometrium inflammatory scores were significantly increased in the LPS-treated group. AnxA1-/- mice from the LPS group demonstrated a significant increase in the number of degranulated mast cell levels compared to AnxA1-/- SHAM mice. The Western blotting analysis revealed that a lack of AnxA1 promoted the upregulation of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β in the acute endometritis animal model compared to WT LPS animals. LPS-induced endometritis increased the number of blood peripheral leukocytes in both WT and AnxA1-/- mice compared with SHAM group mice (p < 0.001). AnxA1-/- mice also showed increased plasma levels of IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α (p < 0.05) following LPS-induced endometritis. In conclusion, a lack of endogenous AnxA1 exacerbated the inflammatory response in an endometritis model via NLRP3 dysregulation, increased uterine mast cell activation, and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine release.

Assessment of complex treatment schemes for cows with postpartum endometritis and the efficiency of their subsequent insemination

Purpose: сomparing the effectiveness of the proposed protocols for the treatment of cows with acute postpartum endometritis and establishing the effectiveness and the terms of their subsequent insemination.Materials and methods. 47 Cows of the Holstein-Frisan breed, which are on the binding content, were examined. All these animals were provided with obstetric care. As a result of their clinical inspection, 16 goals with an acute form of postpartum endometritis were revealed. Of these animals, two groups of 8 goals formed in each on the principle of pairs of analogues. When making a diagnosis, anamnesis, clinical signs of the disease and the results of an ultrasound of the study were taken into account. The first group included animals whose treatment regimen included intrauterine administration of Tilocar and intramuscular Uteroton. In the second group of cows, a 0.5 % Novocaine solution was additionally injected intravenously, according to the instructions. Results. The study revealed that the animals in the second group recovered three days faster (11.13±0.39 days) than the first group (14.25±0.37 days). We used the odds ratio. The second group of cows, where an additional 0.5 % of the Novocaine solution was administered, was found to be 2.78 times more likely to become pregnant than those treated without it.

Analysis of the effectiveness of treatment of acute postpartum endometritis in cows

The aim of the study is to study the effectiveness of the traditional treatment regimen for acute postpartum endometritis in cows on a farm. The study was conducted in the dairy industry. The object of the study was cows of a red-mottled breed. A retrospective analysis of the spread of obstetric and gynecological diseases in cows was carried out. It was found that endometritis is most common – in 72.1–77.9% of the total number of sick animals. The dynamics of the incidence of cows with acute postpartum endometritis was studied, which amounted to: in 2019 – 16.4%, in 2020 – 15.3% of calved cows. To identify the therapeutic effectiveness of the traditional endometritis treatment regimen, a group of seven cows with signs of catarrhal purulent endometritis was formed. The therapeutic effectiveness of the traditional treatment regimen for acute endometritis in young cows with a single application ensures the clinical recovery of animals in 85.7% of cases. However, 28.6% of treated cows subsequently had a subclinical form of endometritis, which reduces the effectiveness of the applied scheme to 57.1% and contributes to a 7.7% prolongation of service life.

BACTERIAL ENDOMETRITIS OF COWS AND THE CURRENT STATUS ITS ETIOTROPIC THERAPY

In the article a literature review related to the etiology, epizootology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms of endometritis in cows and modern means of its etiotropic therapy is provided. Postpartum endometritis is considered one of the most common diseases in cows, causing great economic losses to dairy operators, due to the increase in the number of unfertilized cows after repeated artificial insemination, the increase of the service period and the percentage of culled cows, treatment costs, decrease in milk yield, etc.&#x0D; The main role in the etiology of endometritis in cows in the postpartum period is assigned to bacterial opportunistic microflora. In the etiology of endometritis, the basic role is played by Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. Other bacteria can cause endometritis in cows, such as: Actinomyces pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Prevotella spp., Bacteroides spp. In many cases, acute postpartum endometritis in cows is caused by the association of microorganisms, especially Escherichia coli with streptococci and staphylococci.&#x0D; Microorganisms penetrate the mucous membrane of the uterus, their toxins and enzymes destroy nerve endings and capillaries, what leads to a reaction in the form of an inflammatory process, what is localized mainly in the surface layers of the endometrium and in the inter-glandular connective tissue. The development of endometritis depends on the immune response of the cow, as well as on the type and number of bacteria that colonize the endometrium.&#x0D; According to the kind of the inflammatory process, endometritis in cows are classified into: purulent; serous; catarrhal; serous-catarrhal; fibrinous; catarrhal-purulent. According to the passing of the disease, endometritis are acute, subacute, less often - chronic.&#x0D; Diagnosis of endometritis includes collection of anamnestic data, general clinical exploring of the animal and special gynecological (vaginal and rectal) testing.&#x0D; The basis of the treatment of endometritis in cows is etiotropic therapy, what involves by the use of antimicrobial drugs that affect the cause of the disease, and is used to stop the reproduction of opportunistic microflora in the uterine cavity and normalize the microbiocenosis. For the etiotropic therapy of endometritis in cows, drugs for intrauterine administration and drugs for systemic treatment in the form of a solution or suspension for injections are used.

Resistance to antimicrobials of the microflora extracted in acute postpartum endometritis in cows

In the article, the authors presented data on the species structure of the microflora isolated from cows with acute postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis. In acute postpartum endometritis, representatives of 8 genera of microorganisms were isolated in washings from the cervical canal. Identification of isolates to the species showed that Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were most often isolated from sick cows. These microorganisms were more common in associations: Escherichia coli + Streptococcus pyogene; Staphylococcus aureus + Streptococcus pyogenes. And Proteus vulgaris + Staphylococcus epidermidis. The disk diffusion method tested Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for resistance to 9 pharmacological groups of antimicrobial agents. In total, 48 isolates of 15 antibacterial drugs were tested in the work. The studied isolates of microorganisms showed multiple drug resistance. The authors revealed resistance to drugs of three or more pharmacological groups. Microorganisms showed high resistance (80% or more of isolates that did not show growth zone retardation) to drugs: neomycin (aminoglycosides) and benzylpenicillin (penicillins) - Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; vancomycin (glycopeptides), polymyxin (polymyxins) - Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli; ampicillin (penicillins), tetracycline (tetracyclines), cefazolin (cephalosporins), ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) - only Staphylococcus aureus; lincomycin (lincosamides), tylosin (macrolides) - only Escherichia coli; streptomycin (aminoglycoside) - only Streptococcus pyogenes.

Use of endometrial swab and cytobrush for detection of inflammatory diagnostic markers of endometritis

Screening methods for endometritis are often performed through endometrial culture and cytology with a variety of techniques including endometrial swab, cytobrush, low-volume lavage, or biopsy. With growing research interest in equine reproductive immunology and low sensitivity of current screening tools for endometritis, one area that would be of immediate benefit to clinicians and clients is inflammatory diagnostic development. Previous research detected inflammatory markers in low-volume lavage fluid in mares with chronic and acute endometritis (Lection et al. AAEP Proceedings. 2020; 66: 150-151). Therefore, our objective was to investigate the utility of the endometrial swab and cytobrush to screen mares for endometritis. Mares (n=84) of reproductive age ranging 3-20 years of age had an endometrial swab (n=103) and/or followed by cytobrush (n=94) taken once in the same estrous cycle and placed in Amies media (n=172) or PBS (n=25). Aerobic culture was performed in 139 of those samples. An endometrial biopsy was taken on a subset of mares (n=46) and graded by a board-certified veterinary pathologist. The media in which the cytobrushes and swabs were stored was used in a bead-based multiplex assay (Luminex Corp. Austin, TX) to quantify concentration of the following equine specific biomarkers: IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, sCD14, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CCL11. A Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check normality, followed by a Wilcoxon testperformed in JMP Pro 16 (Cary, NC) to assess for significant differences in inflammatory marker concentrations between healthy mares and those with either cytology-diagnosed endometritis (≥1 neutrophil/hpf), positive bacterial culture, or poor biopsy scores (IIB or III on the Kenney-Doig scale). IFN-γ (P≤0.02) and IL-17 (P≤0.04) were significantly increased in mares with poor biopsy scores in both swab and cytobrush compared to mares with biopsy I or IIA. Mares with inflammation on cytology showed increased concentration of IL-1β (P≤0.05) and decreased levels of IFN-γ (P≤0.02) and CCL5 (P≤0.03) in swab. Mares with intrauterine fluid on ultrasound had increased IL-17 (P≤0.05) on cytobrush. Bacterial growth was detected in 62/139 samples, with 31 of those being gram-positive. sCD14 and TNF-α tended to be increased in cytobrush samples from mares with a positive culture, and with gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negative, respectively (P=0.06). Cytokine levels significantly differed between cytobrush and swab for IFN-γ (P≤0.004) with increased levels for cytobrush, likely due to the higher amount of cellular exfoliation. Several inflammatory markers show promise as an ancillary screening test for equine endometritis. In conclusion, as equine reproductive immunology expands as a field, our understanding of patterns of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can allow for new diagnostic techniques for endometritis in mares.

Role of Noradrenaline and Adrenoreceptors in Regulating Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis Cascade in Inflamed Endometrium of Pigs.

In the inflamed uterus, the production and secretion of prostaglandins (PGs) and noradrenergic innervation pattern are changed. Receptor-based control of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and secretion by noradrenaline during uterine inflammation is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs) in noradrenaline-influenced PG-endoperoxidase synthase-2 (PTGS-2) and microsomal PTGE synthase-1 (mPTGES-1) protein levels in the inflamed pig endometrium, and in the secretion of PGE2 from this tissue. E. coli suspension (E. coli group) or saline (CON group) was injected into the uterine horns. Eight days later, severe acute endometritis developed in the E. coli group. Endometrial explants were incubated with noradrenaline and/or α1-, α2- and β-AR antagonists. In the CON group, noradrenaline did not significantly change PTGS-2 and mPTGES-1 protein expression and increased PGE2 secretion compared to the control values (untreated tissue). In the E. coli group, both enzyme expression and PGE2 release were stimulated by noradrenaline, and these values were higher versus the CON group. The antagonists of α1- and α2-AR isoforms and β-AR subtypes do not significantly alter the noradrenaline effect on PTGS-2 and mPTGES-1 protein levels in the CON group, compared to noradrenaline action alone. In this group, α1A-, α2B- and β2-AR antagonists partly eliminated noradrenaline-stimulated PGE2 release. Compared to the noradrenaline effect alone, α1A-, α1B-, α2A-, α2B-, β1-, β2- and β3-AR antagonists together with noradrenaline reduced PTGS-2 protein expression in the E. coli group. Such effects were also exerted in this group by α1A-, α1D-, α2A-, β2- and β3-AR antagonists with noradrenaline on mPTGES-1 protein levels. In the E. coli group, the antagonists of all isoforms of α1-ARs and subtypes of β-ARs as well as α2A-ARs together with noradrenaline decreased PGE2 secretion versus noradrenaline action alone. Summarizing, in the inflamed pig endometrium, α1(A, B)-, α2(A, B)- and β(1, 2, 3)-ARs mediate the noradrenaline stimulatory effect on PTGE-2 protein expression, while noradrenaline via α1(A, D)-, α2A- and β(2, 3)-ARs increases mPTGES-1 protein expression and α1(A, B, D)-, α2A- and β(1, 2, 3)-ARs are involved in PGE2 release. Data suggest that noradrenaline may indirectly affect the processes regulated by PGE2 by influencing its production. Pharmacological modulation of particular AR isoforms/subtypes can be used to change PGE2 synthesis/secretion to alleviate inflammation and improve uterine function.

Effect of blocking of alpha1-adrenoreceptor isoforms on the noradrenaline-induced changes in contractility of inflamed pig uterus.

Disturbances in uterine contractility often lead to the origin, development and maintenance of endometritis and metritis, which are a very common and serious pathologies in domestic animals. Here we aimed to investigate the role of α1A-, α1B- and α1D-adrenoreceptors (ARs) in noradrenaline (NA)-induced contractility of inflammatory-changed porcine uterus. On Day 3 of the estrous cycle, either Escherichia coli (E. coli) suspension (E. coli group) or saline (SAL group) was injected into uterine horns, or only laparotomy was performed (CON group). Eight days later, infected gilts developed severe acute endometritis. Compared to the period before NA application, NA reduced the contractile amplitude and frequency in myometrium (MYO) and endometrium (ENDO)/MYO strips from the CON, SAL and E. coli groups. In the last group, the amplitude in MYO and the frequency in ENDO/MYO were lowered versus other groups. After using α1A-ARs antagonist with NA, a greater decrease or occurrence of a drop in the amplitude and frequency in all groups (ENDO/MYO) were found compared to this neurotransmitter action alone. Such results were noted for NA action on the frequency after α1B-ARs blocking in the CON (both kinds of strips) and SAL (ENDO/MYO) groups. In response to α1D-ARs antagonist with NA, a greater decrease or occurrence of a drop in the amplitude was noted in the CON (both kinds of strips) and SAL and E. coli (MYO) groups. Use of these factors caused the similar changes in the frequency in CON and E. coli (MYO) and SAL (ENDO/MYO) groups. In response to NA, α1A,B,D-ARs antagonist led to a greater reduction or appearance of a drop in the amplitude in the CON and SAL (ENDO/MYO) and E. coli (both kinds of strips) as well as in the frequency in the CON and SAL (ENDO/MYO) and E. coli (MYO) groups. In conclusion, activation of α1A- and α1D-ARs by NA promotes the contractile amplitude and frequency in the inflamed pig uterus; pharmacological modulation of these receptors can be utilized to enhance systolic activity of myometrium.

Effectiveness of the preparation «activiton» in acute post-natural purulent-catarial endometritis of cows

The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of the drug "Aktiviton" in the treatment of acute postpartum purulent -catarrhal endometritis of cows. The object of research were 15 cows of the Holstein breed aged 2 to 4 years, live weight 600-700 kg, owned by APK Food Program LLC, Mamadyshsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 5 animals each. The control group consisted of clinically healthy animals in the postpartum period, the experimental groups included animals with acute postpartum catarrhal-purulent endometritis. In the treatment of endometritis, the following drugs were used: ceftivet, flexoprofen 10%, sinestrol 2%, uteroton, nioxytil forte. The treatment regimen used for animals of the 2nd experimental group was improved by the inclusion of "Activiton". Before treatment, the following clinical signs were observed in the experimental groups: edema and hyperemia of the external genitalia, the release of catarrhal-purulent exudate. Rectal examination revealed an increase in the size of the uterus, stiffness, pain and consistency. On the echogram, thickening of the walls of the uterus and consistency, heterogeneity of the mucosa, diameter of the body and horns, and wall thickness were noted. After treatment, an improvement in the general condition of the animals, the absence of a specific odor, and the release of exudate from the genitals were observed. During rectal examination, the size of the uterus corresponded to physiological parameters, its rigidity was observed, there were no fluctuations and soreness. On the echogram, the absence of thickening of the walls of the uterus, the homogeneity of the mucosa, the diameter of the body and horns, and the thickness of the walls were noted. In animals of the 1st experimental group, an improvement in the condition of the genital organs was observed on the 6th day after the start of treatment, however, in the cows of the 2nd experimental group, these changes were recorded on the 4th-5th day.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute catarrhal endometritis of cows in private subsidiary farms serviced by “Arsenyevskaya VSBBZH”

The reproductive function of animals is the ability to reproduce their own kind. Due to certain features and difficulties in implementation, reproduction of dairy cattle has been the object of scientific and practical research by veterinary specialists for many years. In our work, we diagnose and treat cows with acute catarrhal endometritis in the conditions of personal subsidiary farms serviced by the KGB “Arsenyevskaya VSBBZH”. The methodological basis of the conducted scientific research was an integrated approach to the problem under study, consisting in the use of classical and modern methods of research and comparative analysis.

Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpes virus type 1 in cattle with and without endometritis.

This study aimed to investigate the potential presence of bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle uteri that did not display any clinical and macroscopic signs of infection. Virus detection involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, double immunohistochemistry (IHC), and double immunofluorescence (IF). One hundred cornu uterus samples were collected from cattle aged 1 year and older. The BVDV was detected by PCR or by double IHC/IF in the collected samples from slaughterhouses in Kayseri city (Central Anatolia, Türkiye) from 2021 - 2022. By contrast, BHV-1 was detected by PCR and double IHC/IF at a rate of 16.00% and 21.00%, respectively. In the IHC and IF detection, BHV-1 was detected in endometrial epithelial cells and in some mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, periglandular areas and myometrium. Although no macroscopic lesion was found in the BHV-1-positive samples (n = 21), histopathological detection showed that two had acute endometritis, eight had subacute endometritis, eight had chronic endometritis and the three others showed no signs of endometritis. This prevalence study demonstrated for the first time that even while BVDV could not be detected in the samples, BHV-1 posed a critical potential reproductive risk in pregnant animals, as it can specifically cause abortions when it resides in cattle uteri that do not show clinical or macroscopic and even microscopic signs of infection. Additionally, this study was the first to combine PCR and double IHC/IF for BHV-1 and BVDV detection in cattle uteri.

ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ КОРОВ С ОСТРЫМ КАТАРАЛЬНО-ГНОЙНЫМ ЭНДОМЕТРИТОМ

The article is devoted to the study of a comparative assessment of the therapeutic effectiveness of various medicines produced in Croatia, the Republic of Belarus and Russia. For the treatment of cows with acute catarrhal purulent postpartum endometritis, drugs were used that had foaming properties and were administered intrauterine, once a day with an interval of 24 hours, until the lumen of the cervical canal was closed. The diagnosis of pathology of the genital organs in cows was made on the basis of the results of zootechnical accounting, vaginal, rectal and echographic (veterinary ultrasound scanner AcuVista 880i) studies. Clinical observations of the animals were carried out for 90 days. The recovery time of cows of different experimental groups, the manifestation of sexual cyclicity, the fertilization of females after insemination and the insemination index were taken into account. Experimental studies have established that postpartum acute endometritis is registered in farms of the Saratov region in 11.4–25.3% of cows after calving. Sexual cyclicity was restored after intrauterine administration of Biometrosanit in all cows, Enroflon and Geomycin – 92.86% of females. The period of clinical recovery of cows after treatment with Biometrosanite was 8.68± 0.22 days, Enroflon - 8.21 ± 0.19 days, and Geomycin F -10.64± 0.26 days. Fertilization after treatment of cows with acute catarrhal purulent form of postpartum endometritis with Enroflon was 92.86%, Geomycin F – 75.57%. In the experimental group of cows for which Biometrosanite was used, fertilization occurred in all animals with the best insemination index (1.57). In addition, the production and use in veterinary practice of the domestic drug Biometrosanit for the treatment of cows with an acute form of postpartum catarrhal purulent endometritis reduces our country's dependence on imports of veterinary drugs.

Microbiocenosis of the genital tract in cows with acute postpartum endometritis

Microbiocenosis of the genital tract in cows with acute postpartum endometritis

Совершенствование профилактики и терапии острых послеродовых эндометритов и маститов у коров

One of the limiting factor in the growth of productivity of dairy farming in the Russian Federation is the widespread among the breeding stock of pathologies of the reproductive organs and the mammary gland, most often of an inflammatory nature. Complex therapy of acute postpartum endometritis using Argumistin® 0.005 % showed 100 % efficiency, with a treatment duration of 7,8±0,33 days. Pregnancy from the 1st insemination was 58.4 %, which is 8,6; 15,8 and 7,2 % higher than after the use of Endometramag-Bio®, Hinasept-Gel and Ceftonite, respectively. The prophylactic efficacy of Argumistin® exceeds the efficacy of Endometramag-Bio® and Hinosept-Gel by 5,6 % and 11.1 %, respectively. The duration of the service period in the first experimental group was 42,5±4,22 days, which is 7,1; 18,9 and 35,9 days less than in other groups. Pregnancy from the 1st insemination in the group where Argumistin® was used was 3,8 and 20,6 % higher than in the groups where prophylactic treatment was carried out with Endometromag-Bio®, Hinasept-Gel, and also by 38,9 % more than the negative control. In the treatment of subclinical postpartum mastitis, the effectiveness of Argumistin® with a colloidal silver content of 0,005 % was 100,0 %, with a duration of treatment of 3,70 days.