Acute Hemiplegia Of Childhood Research Articles

Acute hemiplegia: aetiology and outcome in Nigerian children.

Introductionacute hemiplegia of childhood is a postnatally acquired nonspecific clinical response of the brain to various aetiological insults in a child who was neurologically normal at birth. This study aims at evaluating the aetiology and outcome of acute hemiplegia in children admitted into the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Nigeria.Methodsa 5-year retrospective review of all children admitted to the Neurology Unit of the Department of Paediatrics of UCTH with a diagnosis of acute hemiplegia. The demographic characteristics of the children and the clinical features were noted. Investigations including neuroimaging of the brain and haemoglobin genotype were documented. The outcomes of the patients were recorded as either dead, recovered with deficit or loss to follow up. Data obtained was analysed using the SPSS version 24. Simple tables were used to display the results in number and percentages.Resultstwenty-five children with diagnosis of hemiplegia were admitted. Associated clinical features were prolonged seizures (68%), speech defect (32%), cranial nerve deficit (36%) and loss of consciousness (12%). Viral encephalitis was the common aetiology in 11(44%) of the patients, followed by meningitis and sickle cell anaemia in 6(24%) patients each. Four(16%) of the patients recovered completely within the follow up period of three month, 19(76%) had varying degrees of weakness; 2(8%) died. Twelve (48%) were lost to follow-up.Conclusioncentral nervous system infections and sickle cell disease as dominant aetiological factors of acute hemiplegia in Nigerian children. This calls for effective infection control and genetic counselling.

Acute Childhood Hemiplegia Associated With Chickenpox and Elevated Anticardiolipin Antibody

Chickenpox is a common infection of childhood. Central nervous system complications, such as cerebellar ataxia and meningoencephalitis, are estimated to occur in less than 1% of cases of chickenpox. Although transverse myelitis and hemiplegia have also, although rarely, been reported, hemiplegia associated with chickenpox and elevated anticardiolipin antibody has not been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 2.5-year-old boy who developed a right hemiplegia 3 weeks after the onset of a primary varicella infection. The serum level of anticardiolipin antibody IgG was markedly elevated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an infarction involving the left globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and posterior leg of the internal capsule. Laboratory studies ruled out all known causes of stroke. Neurologic signs and symptoms slowly improved with supportive treatment. Varicella infection should be considered one of the possible causes of acute ischemic strokes in children. Usually, two or more risk factors are detected in children with ischemic strokes, and we suggest that all possible causes of strokes be investigated in children with ischemic strokes.

Acute Childhood Hemiplegia Associated With Chickenpox

Although primary varicella-associated central nervous system complications and herpes zoster ophthalmicus with delayed hemiplegia are well known, and chickenpox is a common infection, cerebral vasculopathy associated with chickenpox has only been described recently. We report the case of an 18-month-old girl who developed a right hemiplegia 10 days after the onset of a primary varicella infection. She has the shortest latent interval in the literature. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggest an infarction involving the left putamen and internal capsule. Magnetic resonance angiography is normal. Possible causes of acute infantile hemiplegia are excluded. Neurologic signs gradually improve without any specific treatment. A review of the literature is also presented.

Human herpesvirus 7 infection associated with central nervous system manifestations

The clinical features of infection with human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) are not well described. Exanthem subitum is the only illness that is confirmed to be caused by HHV-7. We report two children who had exanthem subitum associated with central nervous system manifestations. Two strains of HHV-7 were isolated sequentially from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and saliva of the same child who had exanthem subitum complicated with acute hemiplegia in childhood. Two strains were confirmed to be HHV-7 by means of monoclonal antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and HHV-7, polymerase chain reaction, and DNA analysis. During the convalescent period, the antibody titer to HHV-7 rose from less than 1:10 to 1:320, whereas the antibody titer to HHV-6 remained less than 1:10. Another child with exanthem subitum complicated by acute hemiplegia had serologic evidence of primary HHV-7 infection. These two cases demonstrate a new relationship between HHV-7 and central nervous system symptoms. (J P EDIATR 1996;129:301-5)

Cerebral Vasculopathy Associated With Primary Varicella Infection

A previously healthy 5-year-old boy developed cerebral vasculopathy, presenting as two episodes of acute hemiparesis 3 and 9 months, respectively, after a primary varicella infection (chickenpox). This association has not been reported before, to our knowledge, although cerebral vasculopathy is a well-known complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. The diagnosis was based on the presence of oligoclonal varicella-specific IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid and angiographic findings. Clinical and angiographic follow-up, and serial thymidine kinase activity levels in the cerebrospinal fluid suggested a self-limiting course of the virus-induced vasculopathy. Varicella zoster virus seems to be another potential causative agent to be considered in acute childhood hemiplegia.

Acute Hemiparesis as the Presenting Sign in a Heterozygote for Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

Strokes in children occur in conjunction with cardiac disease, hematological disorders, trauma, intracranial infections and migraine. Recently several inborn errors of metabolism have been recognized as possible causes of stroke-like symptoms. We describe a female heterozygote of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, who presented with convulsions and right sided hemiplegia. MR-imaging of the brain demonstrated an acute ischemic lesion in the left hemisphere. In addition to other known metabolic causes of stroke like attacks urea cycle defects should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute hemiplegia in childhood.

Acute childhood hemiplegia

A 10-year-old child presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis and dysphasia. A thorough evaluation, including CT scan of the brain and cerebral angiography, resulted in a diagnosis of acute childhood hemiplegia. The diagnosis of acute childhood hemiplegia depends on characteristic cerebral angiographic findings. The treatment of this particular entity is supportive, often with incomplete recovery.

Acute hemiplegia in childhood with the occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery

Two cases of acute hemiplegia with the occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery were reported in children. Both patients were low-birth-weight infants with a history of febrile convulsions. Cerebral edema due to prolonged seizures was considered to be an etiologic factor of the occlusion of posterior cerebral artery. When the seizure is focal or the patient has perinatal difficulty, febrile convulsions should be treated carefully, as the possibility of epilepsy exists.

Acute hemiplegia with lacunar infarct after varicella infection in childhood

We report 4 cases of acute hemiplegia and a small low-density lesion on computerized tomography (CT) after varicella infection. In 3 of them, CT in the acute hemiplegic stage, and later, reveals the development of lacunar infarct around the internal capsule. Focal low density may be caused by occlusive vascular lesions of the penetrating arteries. Varicella infection may play an important role as one of the causes of acute hemiplegia in childhood producing lacunar infarct, as well as delayed hemiplegia, reported previously in herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Acute hemiconvulsive encephalopathy of childhood with prominent unilateral delta activity in the electroencephalogram.

Twenty children with an acute hemiconvulsive encephalopathy are reported who had a sudden onset of focal epileptic seizures. The majority had clinical evidence of hemiparesis which was transient. All had very prominent unilateral delta activity in the EEG which also cleared gradually but at a rate much slower than the clinical symptoms. The initial picture of these children was similar to those with post-convulsive acute hemiplegia of childhood but the subsequent course was benign with regards to neurological deficit, intellectual performance and recurrence of seizures. It is emphasized that prompt control of convulsions in such patients may prevent further cerebral damage secondary to the seizures themselves which may have been responsible for poor prognosis previously reported in similar patients.

Acute Hemiplegia of Childhood

Acute hemiplegia of childhood is briefly reviewed with examples of various etiologies. The role of brain scans in diagnosing and following children with this syndrome is emphasized. Cerebral angiography and computer tomography represent complementary examinations in the evaluation of these patients.

Acute hemiplegia in childhood following adental abscess

The syndrome of acute hemiplegia in childhood is described and a case following dental infection reported. The possible mechanisms responsible for the development of this condition are considered.

Acute hemiphegia of childhood associated with Coxsackie A9 viral infection.

A 16-mo-old girl is described with acute hemiplegia associated with virologic and serologic evidence of Coxsackie A9 infection. Possibilities of pathogenesis are discussed. It is suggested that the present hemiplegia may have been the result of a focal vasculitis due to Coxsachie A9 viral infection in the region of the middle cerebral artery.

Acute hemiplegia of childhood with total occlusion of the internal carotid artery (supra-clinoid); a case report.

Acute hemiplegia of childhood with total occlusion of the internal carotid artery (supra-clinoid); a case report.

Acute Hemiplegia in Childhood

Acute Hemiplegia in Childhood

ACUTE HEMIPLEGIA IN CHILDHOOD.

ACUTE HEMIPLEGIA IN CHILDHOOD.

AETIOLOGY OF ACUTE HEMIPLEGIA IN CHILDHOOD.

AETIOLOGY OF ACUTE HEMIPLEGIA IN CHILDHOOD.

Acute Hemiplegia in Childhood. A Report of a Study Group Held at Clevedon April 20-22, 1961

Acute Hemiplegia in Childhood. A Report of a Study Group Held at Clevedon April 20-22, 1961

Acute Hemiplegia in Childhood.

The publication is composed of a series of papers dealing with several aspects of acute hemiplegia in childhood. Pediatrics, neurology, neurosurgery, neuropathology, neuroanatomy, and neurophysiology are represented by contributions from distinguished workers in each field. What is apparent, however, is that unity is not achieved in this symposium. The subject is regarded by some authors as a specific entity, Acute Infantile as so clearly described by Ford and Schaeffer in 1924, while others discuss the subject as a neurologic finding in a variety of cerebral disease processes. It is apparent that intelligent management of acute hemiplegia in childhood will depend on the correct etiologic diagnosis, as will the future course of the neurologic involvement. This reviewer feels that considerable more of value from this symposium could have resulted had the subject matter been confined to the group of Acute Infantile Hemiplegia of Obscure Etiology. Despite this lack of unity,

Acute Hemiplegia in Childhood

SUMMARYThis article briefly reviews our present knowledge of acute hemiplegia in children, which was recently the subject of a Study Group held at Clevedon, Somerset, for the National Spastics Society. An account of these discussions is to be published as a Little Club Clinic in Developmental Medicine.An outline is here given of the nomenclature of acute infantile hemiplegia, its incidence, clinical picture and course, the aetiology, and the results of investigations. Detailed recommendations are made regarding the treatment of the acute episode.RÉSUMÉHémiplégie aiguë dans VenfanceCet article fait brièvement le point de nos connaissances actuelles sur Ľhémiplégie aiguë chez Ľenfant, cet état ayant été récemment le sujet ďune symposium tenu à Clevedon, Somerset, par le Groupement de Recherches Pédiatriques de la National Spastics Society.On donne une vue ďensemble de la nomenclature des incidences du tableau clinique et de Ľévolution, de Ľétiologie, des résultats de diverses investigations et des recommandations détaillées en ce qui concerne le traitement.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAkute Hemiplegie im KindesalterDieser Artikel bespricht kurz unsere hentigen Kenntnisse betreffs akuter Hemiplegie bei Kindern, ein Zustand, der vor kurzem das Thema einer in Clevedon, Somerset, von der Verbindung für Pädiatrische Forschungen der ‘National Spastics Society’ abgehaltenen Sitzung war.Es wird ein Überblick üer Nomenklatur, Inzidenz, klinisches Bild und Verlauf, Ätiologie und Resultate der Prüfungerv gegeben und ausführliche Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der Therapie werden gemacht.