Actual System Development Research Articles

Critical Design Considerations on Continuous Frequency Modulation Localization Systems

Real-time locating systems (RTLSs) suffer from clock synchronization inaccuracy among their distributed reference nodes. Conventional systems require periodic time synchronization and typically necessitate a two-way ranging (TWR) clock synchronization protocol to eliminate their measurement errors. Particularly, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) time-based location systems pose unique design considerations on the TWR that have a significant impact on the quality of their measurements. In this paper, a valid operation design diagram is proposed for the case of an FMCW time-based TWR synchronization protocol. The proposed diagram represents an intersection area of two boundary curves that indicate the functionality of the system at a given frequency bandwidth, spectral length, and clock synchronization ambiguity. It presents an intuitive illustration of the measurement’s expected accuracy by indicating a larger intersection area for relaxed design conditions and vice versa. Furthermore, the absence of a working condition can easily be detected before proceeding with the actual system development. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed diagram, four scenarios with different design constraints were evaluated in a Monte-Carlo model of a basic TWR system. Moreover, an experimental measurement setup demonstrated the validity of the proposed diagram. Both the simulation and experimental outcomes show that the indicated valid conditions and the distribution of the measurements’ accuracy are in very good agreement.

Model-Based Design and Safety Assessment for Crewless Autonomous Vessel

The Designing the Future of Full Autonomous Ship (DFFAS) Project conducted the crewless maritime autonomous surface ship long-distance demonstration in congested waters in March 2022. This study shows a model-based systematic design methodology and a safety evaluation method for autonomous ships conducted through this project. A reference model of ConOps (Concept of Operations) for autonomous navigation systems is proposed using the DFFAS system as an example. System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is also applied at the subsystem and component levels according to the actual system development phase to extract appropriate granularity of safety requirements.

Development of J48 Algorithm-Based Application in Predicting Teacher’s Techno-Pedagogical Competence

Education 4.0 in the Philippines encourages the use of advanced technologies in facilitating the educational ecosystem where teachers are required to be competent in information and communications technology (ICT). On the contrary, the established instrument in assessing the pedagogical ICT competence in the Philippines is still a manual process showing a gap between the actual and the ideal in terms of education 4.0 requirement. In this paper, it is empirical to develop a model and implement this model in actual system development where the software learns through time based on the data collected from the system users in predicting the pedagogical ICT competence of the teachers. This study was conducted in a Philippine state university, where the total enumeration of the respondents was taken. The use of Knowledge Discovery in Databases was utilized to develop a model using J48 algorithm, evaluated through 10- cross-fold validation, and used to develop an application that predicts the pedagogical ICT competence of the teacher using R programming. The result showed a significant improvement and efficiency in predicting the pedagogical ICT competence of the teachers.

Analysis of Passenger Commuter Train Services Surabaya – Sidoarjo

This study is intended to measure the level of satisfaction and expectations of service users on the Surabaya - Sidoarjo Commuter Train service with the benchmarks used, namely the Minimum Service Standard Ministerial Transportation Degree number PM 65 of 2019. The study was conducted by conducting a field survey of the condition of railway infrastructure. The survey stated preference for the Surabaya - Sidorajo commuter train users through a questionnaire. The method to be used is Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results of the analysis using the IPA method are expected to identify the level of satisfaction and expectations of service users on the Surabaya - Sidoarjo Commuter train service and will be able to provide service improvement suggestions to PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) as a commuter transport operator in the Gerbang Kertasusila area. In this case the research is in line with the Technology Readiness Level (TKT) point 9 which has criteria, namely the real application (application) of technology in its final form and under the intended (planned) conditions as in operational testing and evaluation. In general, this is the last part / aspect of the bug fixing effort in actual system development. Examples include for example the use of the system in operational mission conditions.

Combining Interaction Design and Gaming Technologies for the Development of Interactive Archaeological Content Presentation Systems

Our main objective is to produce state-of-the-art edutainment and serious game end-systems, which satisfy the requirements of all three parties involved in the development process: content experts, end-users and application developers. Their requirements are often cross disciplinary, as each party involved in the process requires solutions to a number of problems which need to be answered in a systematic and complete manner. The ultimate goal of this process is to introduce an efficient, extendable and aesthetically pleasing end-system. In order to achieve these goals, we address and attempt to resolve the most common presentation design issues that arise during the process of interaction design. Completion of this process enables the actual system development to commence with a precise and complete specification of content features and system characteristics.

Business Process Modeling Method with Hierarchical Business Variation Analysis

SUMMARYBusiness Process Modeling (BPMod) is attracting attention as a technology that improves the quality of information system development. It can increase integrity between business operations and information systems by visualizing specifications of business requirements in the upstream process. But there are problems with development costs caused by large variations of business functions, in the application BPMod to complicated business processes. In this paper, we propose a business process design method with hierarchical business variation analysis in order to improve the productivity of model development. This makes it possible to extract the variations of business functions and to consolidate similar business functions. We applied it to an actual system development project and confirmed its effect.

Real-Time Implementation in DSPACE of Rotor Magnetic Field Control of Bearingless Induction Motor

A bearingless induction motor is a strong coupled complex system, the decoupling control of torque and radial suspension force is the premise of the stable operation of the bearingless induction motor. In this paper, the principle of bearingless induction motor is expounded. The magnetic mathematical models of bearingless induction motor are created. The rotor field oriented control strategy is designed. The control strategy is validated with Matlab/simulink. Real-time simulation model based on dSPACE is given and the platform based on dSPACE is constructed. The results show that this method has good decoupling control performance. The actual system development and experiment process confirms that the dSPACE real-time simulation platform can shorten the development time and facilitate the development process, and save costs during the design and test period.

Design and Development of ARM9 Evaluation Kit for Embedded Applications

In contrast with low end microprocessor, ARM9 core is quite a sophisticated processor. The Evaluation kit plays an important role in the prototype development and verification of the system design before taking to its actual system development hence it’s provide better confidence to the designer. In this paper a project for the Evaluation kit has been designed for embedded system engineer to implement and confirm the functionality of their operating systems which could lead to a comfortable deployment. The independent modules for the interfaces of the ARM9 processor have been designed and the schematics have been developed using OrCAD. From the tested schematics designed in OrCAD, the related PCB is designed using CADSTAR. An eight-layer board is designed for its signal integrity and complexity of the schematic designed. The designed PCB layer is then calibrated and Gerber files are then made and passed on the PCB board manufacturer for PCB fabrication. The PCB board made is then tested for interconnection continuity using multi-meter as the components are loaded on to the board.

Rancangan Sistem Informasi Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Barrel pada PT OneJect Indonesia dengan Metode Six Sigma

PT OneJect Indonesia faces the high level of defect on its barrel products. To overcome this problem, this study proposes an application quality control based on information system. We implement requirement analysis based on the needs of quality control methods, while to lower the defect rate we utilize Six Sigmamethod with DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) phases. In define phase we determine the type of product to be investigated using Critical to Quality, as well as the problems and objectives. In measure phase we calculate DPMO value and sigma level; sigma value of 3.520 is obtained. Then we calculate P control chart to see the production process control. In analyze phase we create pareto diagram to see the types of dominant defects. Then we create cause-and-effect diagram to determine the cause of defects, and five whys diagram to determine the root causes of the defects. In improve phase, we do improvement analysis through FMEA table by calculating the RPN value to determine the failure modes to be controlled. In control phase, we implement the proposal and simulation of sigma value increase. The analysis and design uses object-oriented information system by Lars Mathiasen, and UML as the requirement modeling and the design system. The results obtained are the documents of top-level analysis and design of information system as a quality control material for the actual system development.

Guest editorial to the special section on SEFM 2009

Software engineering is about developing large systemsusing systematic techniques. Formal methods in software engineering advocates the use of precisely defined techniques to develop software. In theory, requirements can be captured as an abstract specification and the final system obtained via suitable transformations. In practice this is not really feasible. Hence, only a small part of the actual system development process uses formal methods. Thus, there are numerous open research problems in the area of formal methods as applied to software engineering. Formal methods in software engineering can be viewed as the use of techniques that are based on mathematics (i.e., the formal aspects) in the context of practical principles applied to building software (i.e., the engineering aspects). Topics that are of interest include the use of appropriate languages/notations for the specification of systems, the refinement of specifications to code, the semantic foundations that support formal methods, the rigorous analysis of specifications and/or code that can be undertaken. The aim of this special section is to provide a collection of papers that illustrate the application of formal methods to

Proposal for Requirement Validation Criteria and Method Based on Actor Interaction

We propose requirement validation criteria and a method based on the interaction between actors in an information system. We focus on the cyclical transitions of one actor's situation against another and clarify observable stimuli and responses based on these transitions. Both actors' situations can be listed in a state transition table, which describes the observable stimuli or responses they send or receive. Examination of the interaction between both actors in the state transition tables enables us to detect missing or defective observable stimuli or responses. Typically, this method can be applied to the examination of the interaction between a resource managed by the information system and its user. As a case study, we analyzed 332 requirement defect reports of an actual system development project in Japan. We found that there were a certain amount of defects regarding missing or defective stimuli and responses, which can be detected using our proposed method if this method is used in the requirement definition phase. This means that we can reach a more complete requirement definition with our proposed method.

응용시스템 개발 산출물간의 불일치 요소 검출 자동화 도구 설계 및 구현

분석 및 설계단계의 산출물을 작성할 때는 대부분 정형화와 표준화를 따른다. 그러나 실제 시스템 개발현장에서는 단계별 산출물들의 개별적인 특성으로 인하여 모든 산출물간에는 연속적이며 자동화된 과정을 통해 산출물들이 작성될 수는 없다. 그 결과 작성된 개발 산출물간의 일관성이 유지되지 못하는 관계로 최종 산출물에서 여러 가지 문제가 야기됨을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 객체지향 방법론에 따라 개발되는 시스템에 대해 분석 및 설계단계의 산출물간 일관성을 유지하기 위한 방안을 제시하고, 이를 지원하기 위한 도구를 개발한다. Normally, formalization and standardization are followed while doing any system analysis and design. But, in actual system development, products can't be written using the automated tool for all products due to their own characteristics. That results the inconsistency among development products and various kinds of problem can occur in the products. In this paper, we present a technique that supports consistency among products of analysis and design phase developed according to object oriented method. And, this paper also presents the implementation tool.

7.6.3 Requirements Driven Quality Assurance

AbstractSystem development in practice is accompanied by two quality assurance measures for controlling and assessing development results: the review and the test. The form, frequency and scope of these measures must meet the quality and safety demands of the system, and take into account the working methods of the developers, the time available and budget of the project.High‐quality quality assurance has to be closely linked to the actual system development. Up to now this link has only been defined on the level of processes. This article describes a stronger content‐oriented and methodological integration of construction and quality assurance methods. On the basis of the central system development process Requirements Management, well‐known quality assurance processes have been embedded into comprehensive quality management. The result is a method for the generation and execution of an integrated quality assurance plan that runs parallel to and extensively supports the development of safety‐critical systems. The method is strongly focused on the requirements of a system and the ensurance of their implementation. The integrated method has already been successfully applied to real system development projects.The consistent application of quality assurance clearly improves the consistency and completeness of development items and their interfaces and ensures a complete realization of the requirements made of the system.

Nonintrusive rigid body tracking technique for dry particulate flows. Part II. Practical aspects and implementation

A system, based on the principle of magnetic induction coupling, to track a particle nonintrusively in three dimensions is presented. It consists of small transmitters mounted inside the particle being tracked, and a set of receiving antennae surrounding the experimental apparatus. In Part I of the sequence of two papers, the focus is on the theoretical aspects, in particular, on developing a computational technique to solve the inverse problem of finding the three-dimensional position as well as orientation of the particle from the voltages induced in the antennae. In Part II the focus is on the actual system development, including all hardware and data acquisition aspects. The results presented here are comprehensive, as they include details of hardware/electronics, comparison of induced voltage model and actual measurements, and a set of actual tracking results. Through test experiments that include a variety of real-time trajectories, this system is tested and its success is demonstrated. Results of real trajectories of a single ball rising in a mass of other spheres in a vibrated bed are also shown. Although this system is intended for use in experimental studies of dry granular flows, it has wide applicability due to its nonintrusive nature, and is particularly useful when optical tracking techniques are not feasible.

Combining design and operational knowledge to enhance generator plant diagnostics

An approach to the construction of an intelligent system for performing generator plant diagnosis in which a model of diagnostic expertise is constructed prior to actual system development is considered. The use of the expertise of both plant designers and operators has allowed an enhanced model of generator plant diagnostics to be constructed which can identify a fault from a set of observed symptoms in addition to predicting the likely operational impact of the identified fault. This will assist the operator in making better decisions when under severe time pressure. Furthermore, it will allow the operator to assess an appropriate course of remedial actions. The paper discusses the features of design and operational knowledge and how these can be used to derive enhanced diagnostics. A methodology for creating the model of diagnostic expertise is then described. Once the model has been constructed an intelligent system can be developed. An architecture for such an intelligent system is discussed in the paper. An advantage of the modelling approach is that it allows flexibility in the actual implementation. The use of a number of potential intelligent system technologies for implementing the system is discussed. A hybrid power station implementation is described which utilises many intelligent system technologies to further extend the decision support available to operators.

SysEn: An Integrated Approach to Specification, Modeling, Rapid Prototyping, Simulation and Documentation

AbstractSysEn provides an integrated approach to specification, modeling, multimedia based presentation, rapid prototyping, simulation and documentation. It provides complete traceability across the entire development lifecycle. Specification, code, object code, test documentation and user documentation are tightly linked through fine grained object oriented repositories. It provides systems engineers a rapid method of building and testing specifications through actual system development and/or simulation. SysEn accepts descriptive requirements as input and helps users to develop task oriented detailed specification which is transformed to code, executables as well as documentation to support the use of executables. A reusable component library feeds detailed specification and source code generation process. System changes and modifications are done by changing requirements and regenerating code, executables and user documentation. Requirements document and user guide are generated in compliance with various ISO, IEC, IEEE, JIS and DoD standards.

An integrated methodology for knowledge-based system development

Abstract This article details a rigorous development methodology for knowledge-based systems. This rigorous methodology is itself embedded within a multilevel process model for software development. The rigorous methodology is designed to utilize a set of formal or rigorous specifications in a composite style. These specifications detail areas like the knowledge base, the human-computer interface, and the representation, linked together through a process of representation refinement. The rigorous methodology aims at combining the aspects of knowledge engineering, cognitive engineering, and software engineering as they relate to knowledge-based systems. The knowledge-based systems development methodology is embedded withia two-level life-cycle model. The two levels are termed the macro- and microlevels. The macrolevel is used to understand the impact that those factors external to the actual system development have upon the system's creation and life cycle. These external factors include such influences as changes in technology and corporate planning. The microlevel is a process model that utilizes techniques from total quality management, measurement theory, and cost estimation, among others, to assist the software developer in producing software through a process of never-ending quality improvement. All of these techniques are utilized and complimentary to each other. The aim of having two levels is to allow the developer to focus upon each item separately but to understand the factors upon which the factor's development rests and its impact upon the other subprocesses.

The feasibility study in information systems: an analysis of criteria and contents

The feasibility study has been prescribed and described as an important step in information system development. Yet there has been little research on issues pertaining to its contents and criteria. This paper addresses these issues and reports research from a quasi-experimental investigation using actual system development projects. The empirical results show that the two most important factors in a feasibility study are: convincing the users that the system they get will actually meet their functional requirements, and also that the system will work effectively within the organizational environment. A surprising result was the low importance attached by respondents to meeting the needs of the clerical personnel providing inputs to and handling the outputs from the system. Also, economic factors, which have been the focus of attention for many researchers, were ranked in the middle of all factors considered.

VISUAL SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE FROM SPACE VEHICLES.

The problems to be encountered in the utilization of manned space vehicles for surveillance and reconnaissance are reviewed, together with the variables which will influence the performance of the human operator in such operations. Analyses of the theoretical capabilities of direct, unaided vision and man-periscopic vision are presented. These analyses indicate that the tasks assigned to the human operator must be examined carefully in order to ascertain that they are within his capabilities. However, the operator may be materially assisted through proper design and selection of the display-sensor system, which may overcome his inherent deficiencies. The complexity of the variables involved and the lack of much pertinent data indicates that the utilization of the human operator in any specific, system must be determined as a result of trade-offs performed during actual system development and in keeping with the specific mission objectives to be met by that system.