Actual Strategies Research Articles

Optimised Two-Layer Configuration of SESS-CCHP System Considering Wind and Light Output Correlation and Load Sensitivity

With the gradual depletion of fossil energy sources and the diversification of users’ energy demand, combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) microgrids have become a hot technology to improve energy efficiency and promote efficient and synergistic energy operation. However, the uncertainty and correlation of wind power and photovoltaic (PV) outputs have posed a great challenge to the reliability of CCHP system operation, so CCHP systems are often equipped with energy storage devices to improve system flexibility to ensure the reliability of energy supply. However, system-owned reserves still have shortcomings such as high investment O&M costs and large space requirements. As an emerging model, “shared energy storage” can reduce the investment pressure of users and open up new ways for the economic and stable operation of CCHP systems. Therefore, based on the scenario of wind and solar power correlation and considering different types of load flexibility, this paper proposes to construct a shared energy storage station (SESS)-CCHP double-layer synergistic optimal allocation model. The model incorporates the consideration of the actual operation strategy of the CCHP system in the planning stage of energy storage. An example analysis shows that SESS reduces the total operating cost of the CCHP system by 25.96% and improves the new energy consumption rate by 10.46% compared with no energy storage. Compared with the system independently configured with energy storage, the cost saving is 2.14%, thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Decoding Success: Investigating the Impact of Trait and State Strategies on Reading Test Performance among Thai High School Learners

The field of second language (L2) acquisition has increasingly emphasized learner strategies, cognitive and metacognitive methods, as crucial factors in individual differences and reading comprehension. Grounded in Bachman and Palmer’s communicative language ability (CLA) model, this study investigates how strategic competence in cognitive and metacognitive strategies impacts reading comprehension among Thai high school students. By employing quantitative methods, including structural equation modeling (SEM), the study explores how trait strategies (perceived strategic knowledge) and state strategies (actual strategy use) influence reading test performance. The research involved 685 students from a public high school who completed Likert scale questionnaires about their strategy use before and after comprehension tests. Results reveal that state strategies are employed more frequently than trait strategies and show a significant positive correlation with reading performance. While cognitive strategies like comprehension and memory are critical for understanding text content, metacognitive strategies like planning and monitoring improve learners’ ability to regulate their strategic application. However, evaluation strategies were found to be less frequently used. The study’s findings advocate for balanced training in both cognitive and metacognitive strategies to bridge the gap between strategic knowledge and effective application, thereby empowering learners to become more autonomous and proficient readers. Further research should investigate strategic competence in different cultural contexts, employ longitudinal studies, and expand the research to other language skills to gain a comprehensive understanding of L2 learners’ strategies.

Are 19del and L858R really different disease entities?

Clinicians have recognized the similarities and differences between the two subtypes of common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, but actual treatment strategies have not yet changed. The L858R mutation can be understood by considering the pharmacological conformational plasticity of the receptor protein and the presence of other co-occurring mutations, whether subtypes of EGFR or non-EGFR mutations and differences in downstream signaling pathways. As long as we know that molecular differences lead to biological differences, it is a challenge for all of us that our treatment strategies must change.

Neuroprotective Properties of Antiepileptics: What are the Implications for Psychiatric Disorders?

Since the discovery of the first antiepileptic compound, increasing attention has been paid to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and recently, with the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying cells death, a new interest has revolved around a potential neuroprotective effect of AEDs. While many neurobiological studies in this field have focused on the protection of neurons, growing data are reporting how exposure to AEDs can also affect glial cells and the plastic response underlying recovery; however, demonstrating the neuroprotective abilities of AEDs remains a changeling task. The present work aims to summarize and review the literature available on the neuroprotective properties of the most commonly used AEDs. Results highlighted how further studies should investigate the link between AEDs and neuroprotective properties; while many studies are available on valproate, results for other AEDs are very limited and the majority of the research has been carried out on animal models. Moreover, a better understanding of the biological basis underlying neuro-regenerative defects may pave the way for the investigation of further therapeutic targets and eventually lead to an improvement in the actual treatment strategies.

Inequalities in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease.

Incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is going to rise in the next years and to become a health and social emergency. The prevention and the therapeutic management of AD still present unmet needs worldwide. The recent approval of monoclonal antibodies against amyloid β (anti-Aβ mAbs) for AD has increased the level of uncertainty regarding on how such drugs should be administered, to whom, and for how long. Concerns about cost-effectiveness ratios of anti-Aβ mAbs and the need for actual strategies of risk prevention have further dug barriers of inequalities between the national health care systems. Planning research to address questions on the real feasibility of the correct therapeutic management, improving international cooperation on surveillance of risk factors, implementing pathways for timely diagnosis, and effective medical and social support for patients with AD worldwide would be extremely valuable to fight against this upcoming pandemic.

Integrating generative AI into financial market prediction for improved decision making

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the model architecture and key technologies of generative artificial intelligence, combined with specific application cases, and uses conditional generative adversarial networks ( cGAN ) and time series analysis methods to simulate and predict dynamic changes in financial markets. The research results show that the cGAN model can effectively capture the complexity of financial market data, and the deviation between the prediction results and the actual market performance is minimal, showing a high degree of accuracy. Through investment return analysis, the application value of model predictions in actual investment strategies is confirmed, providing investors with new ways to improve the decision-making process. In addition, the evaluation of model stability and reliability also shows that although there are still challenges in responding to market emergencies, overall, GAI technology has shown great potential and application value in the field of financial market prediction. The conclusion points out that integrating generative artificial intelligence into financial market forecasts can not only improve the accuracy of forecasts, but also provide powerful data support for financial decisions, helping investors make more informed decisions in a complex and ever-changing market environment. choose.

Investigation of Performance Degradation and Control Strategies of PEMFC under Three Typical Operating Conditions

Accelerated durability test methods exist for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, there is no standardized method for estimating their lifetime. Moreover, the coupling degradation mechanism under typical automotive conditions remains obscure, severely hindering durability improvement. The present study investigated the degradation behavior and the mechanism and control strategies under three typical operating conditions. The dynamic load rate should not exceed 150 mA cm−2 s−1 to ensure proper response times and voltage decay rates. The continuous runtime should not exceed 5 h to cater for longer operations with a slow rate of voltage decay. For the purge strategy during the shutdown condition, the auxiliary load purge condition had a lower voltage decay rate, which can significantly reduce the unnecessary attenuation during the shutdown. After characterization with electrochemical test methods, the degradation mechanism under three typical operating conditions was mainly manifested by the attenuation of catalytic activity and the impairment of mass transfer capacity. Furthermore, this study further clarified the quantitative relationship between degradation mechanism and performance decline, guiding the optimization of actual on-board control strategies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Theorizing communication. The production of theory in communication journals

ABSTRACT If communication research is in a ‘theory crisis’ or if there is at least an unused potential for theorizing, one of the ways of addressing such challenges is to analyze actual strategies of theorizing. This is not only relevant for practical and educational purposes but can also be a starting point for a science and technology studies’ perspective on communication research. This article presents a first qualitative study of structures of theoretical frameworks and of strategies of theorizing employed in articles in major international communication journals, focusing not only on the theoretical sections proper but on all aspects of theoretical argumentation. The analysis identifies a multitude of strategies of conceptualization and recombination, perspective shifting, and critical analysis.

Defining and Controlling Information Leakage in US Equities Trading

We present a new framework for defining information leakage in the setting of US equities trading, and construct methods for deriving trading schedules that stay within specified information leakage bounds. Our approach treats the stock market as an interactive protocol performed in the presence of an adversary, and draws inspiration from the related disciplines of differential privacy as well as quantitative information flow. We apply a linear programming solver using examples from historical trade and quote (TAQ) data for US equities and describe how this framework can inform actual algorithmic trading strategies.

Teacher educators as curriculum developers: a case study of teacher education colleges in Cambodia

Teacher educators have key roles in the educational system through preparing and implementing teacher education programs. Understanding and acquiring the necessary responsibility for these roles is crucial for their professional development. Practical experiences of teacher educators provide insights into the specific abilities required in their work context. This case study explored the actual practices, challenges, and strategies employed by 25 teacher educators as curriculum developers, based on an analysis of documents and interview data. The research framework was grounded in curriculum innovation, drawing from both literature review and practical insights. The results revealed that teacher educators were highly aware of their roles as curriculum developers, offering specific activities for syllabus development and revision, schemes of work and lesson plans, teaching practice, and assessment. However, challenges persist in terms of curriculum developers' knowledge base, timeframes, and professional development, particularly within the Cambodian context. Professionally, teacher educators overcame these challenges in various ways, most notably through autonomy in improving syllabus content and teaching flexibility, as well as through formal training and informal learning from and with their colleagues and student teachers in the workplace. The study contends that practitioners' innovation and flexibility in using and developing syllabi in practice are more robust than following prescribed curriculum frameworks and instructions. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the role of teacher educators in curriculum development and has implications for improving educational practice, research, and policymaking in the field.

Abstract 5774: Are 19del and L858R really not the same disease entities

Abstract IntroductionThe similarities and differences between the two subtypes of common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have been recognized by clinicians, but actual treatment strategies remain unchanged. The L858R mutation can be explained by the pharmacological conformational plasticity of the receptor protein and other co-occurring mutations, which may be subtypes of EGFR mutations or non-EGFR mutations, and differences in downstream signaling pathways. As long as we know that molecular differences lead to biological differences, it is a challenge for all of us that our treatment strategies must changeWe investigated the RWD, conformational structure and RNA expression profile about two types of common mutations in the mEGFR+ NSCLC patients.MethodWe collected the medical information for stage I-IIIA mEGFR+ NSCLC patients and explored the conformational structure by crystalized radiologic technique. And we performed RNA expression assay using multiplex IF and High-through-output Profiling. ResultOverall, the static structures of wild type (WT), L858R, and 19del (ΔL747-E749) EGFR did not show any significant differences. However, the difference in the static structure between WT-19del and L858R-19del was subtly greater than that of WT-L858R. In addition, further analyses demonstrated no significant structural differences in the phosphorylation sites. However, it should be noted that proteins do not exist as static structures in vivo, and they have a dynamic, flexible structure that changes over time, i.e., plasticity of proteins. Therefore, we investigated the X-ray B-factor value, which is an indicator of flexibility, dynamics, and plasticity of proteins. As expected, the loop or disordered regions mainly shows higher B-factor values, which indicates an active structure, highly changeable and dynamic. Together, the three types of the EGFR protein manifest wholly similar B-factor values, while several local regions present appreciably distinct B-factors. Physical properties such as the dynamic structure may affect intermolecular recognition of EGFR proteins and their function Recent biochemical and biophysical evidence suggests that oncogenic mutations have an impact on the conformational dynamics of enzymesConclusionIn conclusion, our results suggest that Patients with 19del and L858R mutations demonstrated a different clinical course. It is necessary to consider the dynamic structural characteristics and functional differences of EGFR membrane proteins. Citation Format: Yunseok Heo, Joo Ri Kim, Yeoun Eun Sung, Seoree Kim, Chan Kwon Jung, Jeong-Oh Kim, Jeong-yeon Shin, Guk Jin Lee, Sang hoon Chun, Seong Hyeon Bu, Young Ho Lee, Jin Hyoung Kang. Are 19del and L858R really not the same disease entities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5774.

EU AI sovereignty: for whom, to what end, and to whose benefit?

ABSTRACT EU policy emphasises the need for digital sovereignty, also in artificial intelligence (AI). But because such ‘AI sovereignty’ could be used for diverse and even conflicting goals, it obscures the tensions that actual EU AI strategy entails. Conceptually, this article proposes three central trade-offs: first, does AI sovereignty pit the EU against other major AI powers, or rather citizens against large tech companies? Second, is AI sovereignty meant to boost the EU’s position in a putative AI race, or is it a means to defy this competitiveness-logic, instead? And third, is EU AI sovereignty primarily meant to benefit European citizens, or does it embrace a global responsibility? The empirical analysis then maps the EU Commission’s AI strategy since 2018 and the EU AI Act negotiations onto these three dimensions. It reveals that EU AI policy prioritises jurisdictional independence over citizens sovereignty, that it embraces a global AI race logic, and that it largely neglects its impact on people beyond the EU. This orientation of EU AI sovereignty resonates with and feeds into rising geo-economic tensions. But it would underestimate the importance of public policy to assume that it flowed naturally from technological transformations, rather than from political choices.

Turnover intention and associated factors among health workers in Christian Health Association of Ghana hospitals: An institution-based cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background Identifying the key factors that may be associated with turnover intention could enable organizations to proactively identify the major determinants of actual turnover and design strategies to reduce voluntary turnover. The aim of this study was to assess turnover intention and its associated factors among health professionals working in Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) affiliated hospitals. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 630 health workers in 30 CHAG hospitals from April to September 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the respondents’ socio-demographic variables, turnover intention, and organizational and job-related factors predicting their turnover intention. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant predictors of turnover intention. Results The overall turnover intention rate was 67.4%. Being younger increased the odds of turnover intention among the health professionals. On the other hand, being male, having a high level of organizational commitment, perceiving organizational support to be high, being satisfied with one’s job, and being autonomous at work decreased the health professionals’ intention to leave their current place of work. Conclusions This study provids valuable information that could inform policy decisions and strategies aimed at improving health worker retention in CHAG affiliated hospitals in Ghana.

Contradictions in human-nature relationships threaten coastal resilience and sustainability in the Bohai Rim Region, China.

Under the challenge of global environmental change and rapid development, tremendous risks brought about by natural disasters and human activities have increased environmental pressures for sustainable development. How to improve coastal resilience in the process of urban development has become an important topic in academia. In this study, a variable fuzzy recognition model was used to measure the level of coastal resilience in 17 cities in the Bohai Rim region, and then the kernel density, thiel index, and random forest model were used to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of coastal resilience. The results show that (1) The overall resilience level of the Bohai Rim region is increasing over time, but at a relatively slow rate. (2) Coastal resilience has significant spatial unevenness, with high-level cities dominated by Tianjin, Qingdao, Yantai, etc. and low-level cities dominated by Cangzhou, Panjin, Yingkou, Binzhou, etc. (3) The influence of economic development, infrastructure, innovation ability, technology investment, and government regulation on coastal resilience decreases in order. Based on the research findings, the study can not only make suggestions for the actual regulation strategy but also provide empirical and theoretical experience for other coastal countries.

Valuation and comparison of the actual and optimal control strategy in an emerging infectious disease: Implication from a COVID-19 transmission model

To effectively combat emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19, it is crucial to adopt strict prevention and control measures promptly to effectively contain the spread of the epidemic. In this paper, we propose a transmission model to investigate the influence of two control strategies: reducing contact numbers and improving medical resources. We examine these strategies in terms of constant control and time-varying control. Through sensitivity analysis on two reproduction numbers of the model with constant control, we demonstrate that reducing contact numbers is more effective than improving medical resources. Furthermore, these two constant controls significantly influence the peak values and timing of infections. Specifically, intensifying control measures can reduce peak values, albeit at the expense of delaying the peak time. In the model with time-varying control, we initially explore the corresponding optimal control problem and derive the characteristic expression of optimal control. Subsequently, we utilize real data from January 10th to April 12th, 2020, in Wuhan city as a case study to perform parameter estimation by using our proposed improved algorithm. Our findings illustrate that implementing optimal control measures can effectively reduce infections and deaths, and shorten the duration of the epidemic. Then, we numerically explore that implementing control measures promptly and increasing intensity to reduce contact numbers can make actual control be more closer to optimized control. Finally, we utilize the real data from October 31st to November 18th, 2021, in Hebei province as a second case study to validate the feasibility of our proposed suggestions.

Modeling geographic vaccination strategies for COVID-19 in Norway.

Vaccination was a key intervention in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic globally. In early 2021, Norway faced significant regional variations in COVID-19 incidence and prevalence, with large differences in population density, necessitating efficient vaccine allocation to reduce infections and severe outcomes. This study explored alternative vaccination strategies to minimize health outcomes (infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, deaths) by varying regions prioritized, extra doses prioritized, and implementation start time. Using two models (individual-based and meta-population), we simulated COVID-19 transmission during the primary vaccination period in Norway, covering the first 7 months of 2021. We investigated alternative strategies to allocate more vaccine doses to regions with a higher force of infection. We also examined the robustness of our results and highlighted potential structural differences between the two models. Our findings suggest that early vaccine prioritization could reduce COVID-19 related health outcomes by 8% to 20% compared to a baseline strategy without geographic prioritization. For minimizing infections, hospitalizations, or ICU admissions, the best strategy was to initially allocate all available vaccine doses to fewer high-risk municipalities, comprising approximately one-fourth of the population. For minimizing deaths, a moderate level of geographic prioritization, with approximately one-third of the population receiving doubled doses, gave the best outcomes by balancing the trade-off between vaccinating younger people in high-risk areas and older people in low-risk areas. The actual strategy implemented in Norway was a two-step moderate level aimed at maintaining the balance and ensuring ethical considerations and public trust. However, it did not offer significant advantages over the baseline strategy without geographic prioritization. Earlier implementation of geographic prioritization could have more effectively addressed the main wave of infections, substantially reducing the national burden of the pandemic.

“Pedagogical Communication in Modular Distance Learning Modality for Primary Graders”

The study investigated the significance of pedagogical communication to find out if there is a difference between traditional face-to-face instruction and modular instruction, to discover the flow of pedagogical communication in modular instruction, to identify the needs and challenges that occurred in the pedagogical communication of today’s modular instruction, and to discern the pros and cons of modular instruction. The study employed Tsui’s (1994) IRF (Initiation-Response-Follow-up) Taxonomy and Burroughs’ (2007) Typology of Actual Compliance-Resistance Strategies and Messages as the bases for the detailed categorization of the learners’ responses. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to treat the gathered data generated from the pedagogical communication content of the Grade 2 Grade 3 modules, specifically the entire lessons found in Quarter 1 Module 1 of English subject only per grade level. It encompasses three major phases: preparation, organization, and reporting of the results. Based on the summary of findings, it was found out that all Tsui’s IRF head acts were present. Still, there were some sub-categories that were not present, and so with the sub-categories on Burroughs’ Typology of Actual Compliance-Resistance Strategies and Messages. Indeed, the pedagogical communication present in the Modular Distance Learning modality must be maintained and improved for the continuous development of the teaching-learning process and lived experiences among teachers, learners, parents, guardians, stakeholders, and other concerned individuals, with a focus on learner-centeredness and learner agency.

Cost Analysis of Outpatient Colectomy in a Tertiary Center: A Projected Medico-Economic Evaluation

Aim of the study: Short stay processes are incentives to unburden chronically stressed healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to analyze financial implications of day admission (DAS) and outpatient strategies for colon resections in a prospective payment system (PPS) using Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) coding. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing left and right colonic resections between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020 were included. Medico-economic evaluations of the virtual outpatient and day admission surgery groups based on predefined criteria were compared to the identical group of patients who underwent surgery in the actual traditional inpatient setting. In a second step, postoperative complications of the virtual outpatient group were assessed. Cost-revenue analysis was performed using a micro-costing approach including direct medical costs. Results: Overall (N = 257), 97 (37.7%) colectomies would have been potentially eligible for an outpatient strategy. The global costs of the actual inpatient strategy totaled USD 3 634 392 with a global revenue of USD 3 571 069, corresponding to a cost coverage rate of 98%. The result of the virtual DAS strategy would have been a net loss of USD 15 800 (coverage rate of 99%) due to 4 low length of stay outliers triggering a reimbursement reduction and preventing a positive net result of USD 16 208. The pilot reference outpatient case’s revenue and cost amounted to respectively USD 7479 and USD 6911 (cost coverage of 108%). Conclusion: From both any given hospital and healthcare system point of view, elective outpatient colectomy for selected patients is the most cost-saving option. However, in a prospective payment system implemented to avoid bad incentives, the latter can unintentionally disadvantage best performing hospitals and impede widespread adoption of high-value strategies.

Experimental evidence suggests intergroup relations are, by default, neutral rather than aggressive.

The target article offers a game-theoretical analysis of primitive intergroup aggression (i.e., raiding) and discusses difficulties in achieving peace. We argue the analysis does not capture the actual strategy space, missing out "do-nothing." Experimental evidence robustly shows people prefer doing nothing against out-group members over cooperating with/attacking them. Thus, the target article overestimates the likelihood of intergroup aggression.

‘Conceptualizations and implementation of user engagement in Weather and climate services: A climateservicesproviders’ perspective by Di Fant, V., del Pozo, M., Gulikers, J. and Paparrizos, S

Weather and Climate Information Services are increasingly used worldwide to facilitate the provision of information to their intended users. Despite this, the definition, classification and evaluation of climate services remains highly debated, particularly regarding user engagement. High forms of user engagement like co-production and co-creation are the least understood. This study looks at three case studies to clarify the current understanding of user engagement in climate services. The research identifies explicit and implicit conceptualizations of user engagement by service providers and characterizes their implementation. The study confirms the current lack of clarity for providers regarding the terminology used to describe user engagement in climate services, which calls for a different understanding of user engagement that allows to better embrace its complexity. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the highest form of user engagement occurred in the case study where there was a shared understanding of how service providers conceptualized user engagement. This conceptualization was aligned with the actual user engagement strategies implemented in the project. This stresses the importance of a shared understanding of user engagement terminology. Finally, the same service is often found to have implemented different user engagement levels at different stages and for different elements of the products. This brings up the issue of how to best describe user engagement in such situations. We recommend embracing the multi-faceted nature of user engagement in climate services by characterizing different elements and stages differently.