Active Participation Research Articles

The Role of Women to Program Agribusiness Driving in Air Talas Tourism Village (ANGGREK DEWATA)

This research method takes the form of a qualitative field study or field research. The data collection techniques were carried out using observation with active participation, in-depth interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The research results show: In the Agribusiness Program Driving Talas Air Tourism Villages (ANGGREK DEWATA) there are 3 (three) programs carried out by PT Pertamina EP Limau Field, namely: BU JUSI (Organic Cultivation of Siamese Oranges), BUDE ARTA MAJU (Women of Air Talas Village Managing Oranges) and PUTERI JELITA (Liquid Fertilizer from Air Talas Orange Waste. The economic impact of this program for women is an increase in family income by IDR 2,500,000/person/month or 20% from the previous year from product sales. This program also has a positive social and environmental impact. This is in line with the fifth SDG goal, namely gender equality Talas (DEWATA ORGANGREK) from the Social Return on Investment (SROI) Report shows that the calculated SROI value of the program is 1.66, indicating that every rupiah of program costs produces a positive change worth IDR 1.66. Meanwhile, from the results of the Community Satisfaction Index assessment, the Anggrek Dewata Program obtained Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) results with the predicate "Very Good", with an index value of 3.44 with a conversion value of 86.07%. The Commitment aspect received an average SME score of 3.80 and is included in the Very Good category. And the community has optimism to continue the program after the intervention is carried out.

Analisis Pembelajaran 4 Gerakan Tari Payung untuk Siswa Tunarungu Kelas VI di SLB Negeri Tamansari Kota Tasikmalaya

Dance arts are related to movement and musical rhythm, with a strong connection to hearing. This research is motivated by the researcher’s interest in the abilities of deaf students who can synchronize their movements with musical rhythms to achieve excellence. The purpose of this study is to describe the teaching methods, the four movements of Tari Payung, and the interest of deaf students in dance arts at SLB Negeri Tamansari in Tasikmalaya City. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques use triangulation to combine various data sources and techniques. Qualitative research aims to understand phenomena related to behavior, motivation, perception, and actions of subjects holistically. The research findings indicate that deaf students have a good interest in learning dance arts. Students demonstrate interest, enjoyment, attention, active participation, and good awareness. This is evident from their consistent attendance, enthusiasm during practice, and the achievements they have attained in dance arts education.

“Lusog-Linang”: Utilizing Community-engaged Research towards Capacity Building in Health of an Underserved Community

Background and Objectives. Nurses have a pivotal role in nurturing the capabilities of individuals, families, and population groups for better health. However, underserved communities in the Philippines, such as those with socioeconomic inadequacies, geographic isolation, and service access problems, have significant limitations in attaining the highest possible level of health. Hence, a community extension service (Project “Lusog-Linang”), employing community-engaged research, was launched with the residents of an underserved locality in Central Luzon. The current paper aimed to describe the engagement of the community residents in describing their current health situation and related priority problems, as well as explore appropriate initiatives to manage the identified problems. Methods. Community-engaged research was utilized to enable the residents of Barangay San Vicente, Bamban, Tarlac to participate in health capacity building. Particularly, records review and focus group discussions were conducted to assess the community’s health needs and to identify the residents’ perceived problems. The findings were presented in a community assembly, where residents further discussed their priority health concerns and potential interventions to address them. Quantitative data were summarized through descriptive statistics, while qualitative information was synthesized via content analysis. Results. The priority community health problems included healthcare inaccessibility (trained staff, health equipment, and facility access), food insecurity, water supply limitations, and environmental sanitation. Moreover, there was inadequate knowledge and skills among the residents in health promotion, disease prevention, and illness management. While Barangay San Vicente had limited socioeconomic resources to optimize their health capacities, the sense of community among the residents is a vital resource towards empowering them to improve their health. Conclusion. The results could be utilized as a launching pad for developing appropriate health programs for theresidents of Barangay San Vicente. Hence, the next steps in Project “Lusog-Linang” should include the identification and training of core group members toward community mobilization, and further exploring collaborative and sustainable partnerships across organizations to ensure that the community will have long-term solutions to their problems. Consequently, this project could guide public health workers in ensuring the active involvement and participation of the community members in managing their own health.

Prospects of cotton growing in the Caspian provinces of Iran in the assessments of officials of the Russian Empire on the eve and during the First World War

The article is devoted to the assessment of the prospects for the development of cotton growing in the Astarabad and Mazanderan provinces of Qajar Iran by the statesmen of the Russian Empire on the eve and during the First World War. The pre-war years were characterized by the intensification of Russian policy in the region. Among other things, with the active participation of the consulate in Astarabad, the formation of large Russian land ownership in the Caspian provinces and the development of peasant resettlement in the region is taking place. Cotton was considered as one of the main promising crops for breeding in the established farms, while it was the most interesting from the point of view of solving Russia’s strategic tasks to ensure the country’s resource independence. This problem is one of the little-studied in the existing historiography. On the basis of archival and published sources, the views of officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Resettlement Department on the problem of cotton growing are investigated. It is shown that due to the favorable climatic conditions of the region and its natural resources, the prospects for cotton cultivation for the Russian market looked promising. The connection in the ideas of the officials of the Resettlement Department of the success of cotton growing with the development of Russian peasant resettlement, the influence of the ideas of the "civilizing mission" of Russia on their considerations is also noted.

Participation of Local Communities in the Management of Post-Mine Areas in Cities

The management of post-mining reservoirs as part of urban blue infrastructure is linked to the implementation of pro-environmental policies at different levels (from local–municipal to European). Local communities, as beneficiaries of measures taken by city authorities, recognise the need for active participation in decision-making processes. They engage in making decisions on blue spaces in urban areas. These include public and natural watercourses and their surroundings, but also water-filled basins of various origins, including post-mining pits. This paper strives to answer how local communities are involved in activities for developing and managing post-mine areas filled with water within city limits. The methods used (including field observation, spatial analyses, and desk research) allowed us to classify post-mining pits according to their functions and the degree of social participation in their development process. The analysed post-mining pits were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of pit reservoirs transformed with the participation of local inhabitants into recreational grounds. The second comprised reservoirs transformed under local zoning plans (with residents consulted) expected to ultimately prop up the city’s green infrastructure. In turn, the third group consists of quasi-natural reservoirs deemed natural enclaves by city residents. The environmental analysis showed that pits were naturalised. One of them was subject to legal protection on account of biodiversity. Post-mine areas in Bydgoszcz play an important environmental role, and some are integral recreational sites, e.g., the Balaton reservoir. They materially affect the inhabitants’ daily contact with nature, which improves life quality.

Development of socio-emotional skills in the training of educators in today’s society

Socio-emotional skills comprise a set of habits, thoughts, and emotions that facilitate interpersonal relationships through the appropriate expression of emotions and consideration oftheir impact on others. Backed by neurology, these skills are crucial for learning and for educators’contributions to new generations. This essay aims to reflect on the socio-emotional skills of future education professionals, exploring their influence on teaching and their contribution to society. Given the pandemic situation, it is proposed to present the role of socio-emotional education in theuniversity curricular activities of teacher trainers in Chile, using the critical-interpretative method and hermeneutic phenomenology. The discussion is based on experience, dialogue with groups of students and teachers, identifying key points for the inclusion of emotional skills in teachertraining. The process involved the active participation of the teacher, who took on the initial role inthe intervention by providing instructions and guidelines for the development of socio-emotional skills related to ethics and education in various contexts. This was carried out virtually at a higher education institution in Chile. The conclusion emphasizes the urgency and need to integrate socioemotionaleducation into the curriculum for university education professionals. The alignmentbetween Goleman, Bisquerra, and Morin, theorists who have delved into the subject, is highlighted,although the persistence of orthodox educational models that exclude emotions, focusingexcessively on intellectual capacities and overlooking the need for comprehensive emotionaltraining to face contemporary societal challenges, is noted.

Transformasi Sampah Menjadi Sumber Daya: " Dalam Penyuluhan Pengelolaan kompos di Komunitas Parisada Hindy Dharma Semarang Selatan

This outreach examines efforts to transform waste into resources through education on compost management in the South Semarang Hindu Parisada Dharma Community. The education aims to raise awareness among the public about the importance of managing organic waste by composting as a strategy to support environmental sustainability. Suitable compost management methods tailored to community needs are selected and promoted, involving community leaders and local groups to ensure active participation and deep understanding of the waste recycling process. The outcomes of this outreach are expected to make a positive contribution by reducing the volume of organic waste going to landfills and enhancing the utilization of local potential to support overall environmental sustainability. Transforming organic waste into compost not only mitigates negative environmental impacts but also makes the community engagement initiative focused on compost management in the South Semarang Hindu Parisada Dharma Community relevant and strategic. This program is anticipated to empower the community to manage organic waste as a resource with economic and ecological value. By leveraging local potential and community wisdom, this effort can serve as an inspiring example for other communities in promoting environmental sustainability and reducing the negative impacts of waste management in general.

Learning processes and repercussions from handicrafts for social and popular education

The research incorporates the experiences of a group of artisans from Azuay and Cañar in Ecuador, aims to reflect on the professional practices of artisan collectives and their relationshipwith formal educational processes from a pedagogical approach focused on social and popular education. The study applies qualitative methodology with ethnographic focus. The results not only highlight that the spaces occupied by craftsmanship in the social imaginary are markedby obstacles and restrictions in professional practice, but also demonstrate that the knowledge they possess is conditioned by ethnic and sociocultural dimensions. Despite having experiencesand knowledge that are not far from the curriculum taught in the educational system, these are excluded and considered of lesser value. The research concludes that recognizing artisanal methods and procedures can be used as powerful formative elements to strengthen identity, democraticparticipation, dialogue of knowledge, social justice, and true intercultural education. Consequently, social and popular education can help promote the active participation of artisans and other collectives and contribute to the transformation and change of unequal structures from a socioeducationalperspective.

Assessing an integrated team-teaching lecture in medicine and surgery program- Galala University

IntroductionAchieving integration in medical curricula without redundancy in basic medical sciences disciplines is a substantial challenge. Introducing co-teaching in such curricula with active inter-disciplinary participation is believed to best utilize the teaching and learning time for instructors and students, to motivate the students, and to provide a more robust base for bridging the gap between basic and clinical medical sciences in medical schools. Additionally, including more than one student-centered activity in one session is expected to increase the students’ involvement and improve the retention of knowledge. Our study aims at minimizing redundancy and improving the students’ motivation in learning the topic “insulin-glucose regulation” during the Endocrine and Metabolism module taught to year three students at Galala University, Faculty of Medicine in Egypt.MethodsThe authors designed a 3-hr co-teaching integrated session with 3 basic medical sciences aimed to explain the clinical terms including online accessed pre/post-tests, small student groups-created pre/post-session MCQ, with co-sharing of students in the introduction of scientific materials.ResultsThe students’ scores in the post-test showed that they gained more knowledge compared to before. Interestingly, there was only an improvement in the students’ performance in generating questions before and after the session, as well as in the integrated question in the end-of-semester exam, we suggest implementing this approach in other topics and modules in medical schools. It would also be favorable to follow up with the students taught using this approach and those taught differently to assess the effectiveness of this approach in a controlled manner.ConclusionIntegrated sessions effectively increase student awareness of medical concepts and reduce redundancy in basic medical sciences. This approach exposes students to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, improving their comprehension and retention. It is a valuable method for educators and instructors seeking to enhance their students’ learning experience in the field of medical sciences.

Navigating the inception stage in online peer production communities: a comparative study on community building activities, user roles and interaction dynamics

PurposeThis exploratory, descriptive study examines the factors that might influence the success or failure of online peer production communities during their inception stage. It focuses on community-building activities, the roles of users and the dynamics of user interaction, aiming to shed light on practices that could contribute to a community's success at the inception stage.Design/methodology/approachBy comparing two Stack Exchange Q&A communities with the same timelines but opposite outcomes during their beta testing phases, the research utilizes quantitative methods to categorize community activities, define user roles via k-means cluster analysis and examine interaction networks using social network analysis.FindingsOur findings suggest the successful Mathematics Q&A community exhibited several distinct practices during its inception, such as the utilization of both external and internal tools, the development of community-specific tutorials and the strategic use of flagging functions for moderation. Eight user roles were discerned, with roles like content editors, metadata curators and gatekeepers being particularly prominent in the successful community. Additionally, a more densely interconnected user network characterized by active participation was observed in the successful community.Originality/valueConcentrating on the inception stage of online communities, this study uncovers insights into the dynamics at play in the early life of peer production environments and provides empirical observations that may assist in shaping strategies for new online communities. It stands out by comparing communities within the same period to understand factors that may influence their early success.

Can Subaltern Exist? Reinterpreting the Issue of Subalternity (Case Study of Blimbingsari Village - Jembrana Regency and Pegayaman Village - Buleleng Regency)

The objective of this study is to further elucidate a significant inquiry posed by Gayatri Spivak, namely, the ability of the subaltern to articulate their voice. This inquiry's significance arises within the context of social interactions, where there are discernible patterns of social dominance. Is it possible for a social group to survive without the active participation and expression of its members? This study aims to investigate how a village can persist within a social, cultural, and political framework that actively conceals its presence. The aforementioned pressure is commonly acknowledged as an inherently social phenomenon, indicating the presence of a mechanism of social hegemony. The hegemonic process is enacted through the implementation of village norms, particularly about customary villages (desa adat). The majority of villages in Bali adhere to a dual system of governance, consisting of office villages (desa dinas) and customary villages desa adat. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the focus of this research lies solely on two specific villages, both of which adhere to a single type of governance known as the official village. The two villages under consideration are Blimbingsari in the Jembrana district and Pegayaman in Bali's Buleleng district. Both communities remain independent settlements in Bali to this day. Nevertheless, the dynamics and obstacles that exist are not straightforward. This research tries to listen to the voices of the subaltern and classifies them into four main issues, namely: 1) cultural politics; 2) political economy; 3) Ideology; 4) Conscientization. Through these four issues, an understanding of how these two villages continue to exist amid existing social harmonization is obtained.

The Effect of Foreign Language Reading Anxiety on Jordanian EFL Teachers' Orientation and Strategy Use

Using the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS), this study explores the core determinants of reading anxiety among Jordanian EFL teachers. It investigates the correlation between anxiety factors and strategy utilization (i.e., metacognitive, cognitive, and support strategies) as well as reading orientation, which determines a reader's active participation while reading. It looks at the sub-factors of reading anxiety: anxiety felt throughout the reading process, reading self-assurance, and anxiety when reading English characters. The findings of the study showed that Self-assurance was more influential and a constructive contributor to Jordanian English language teachers' utilization of metacognitive methods and the degree of orientation to reading than anxiety felt during reading.

Assessment of communicative competence in adult patients with minimum response in intensive care units: A scoping review.

Few formal instruments exist to assess the communicative competence of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). This can limit interventions by health professionals. To map the categories and instruments for assessing the communicative competence of adult patients with minimal response in ICUs. A scoping review was carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute protocol between February and March 2022 and using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, Business Source Complete (via EBSCOhost), Academic Search Complete (via EBSCOhost) and Web of Science databases, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The different communication and pain assessment protocols covered awareness, cognition, sensory capacity, motor capacity, language, speech and literacy. The present review offers a starting point for the construction of a formal assessment instrument to enable clinicians to implement an augmentative or alternative communication system (AACS) for the voluntary, independent and active participation of patients. What is already known on the subject Patients in ICUs are subject to various forms of treatment and continuous and intensive monitoring, compromising their capacity to communicate and actively participate (e.g., sharing symptoms and making decisions). Although there is some awareness of their disadvantage in such a regard, few protocols of assessment of communicative competence have been adapted to patients with a minimum response. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge The present review highlights different protocols for the assessment of communication and pain. They include the following categories: awareness, sensory capacity, auditory and visual acuity, positioning and motor capacity, language, speech, and literacy. The review offers a starting point for the construction of a formal assessment instrument encompassing the aforementioned categories, along with duly validated guidelines for its application. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Our formal assessment instrument takes into account the need to adapt to different patient profiles. It is hoped that it will provide speech therapists and other health professionals with the information required to implement an AACS in which patients participate actively.

Assessment of communicative competence in adult patients with minimum response in intensive care units: A scoping review.

Few formal instruments exist to assess the communicative competence of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). This can limit interventions by health professionals. To map the categories and instruments for assessing the communicative competence of adult patients with minimal response in ICUs. A scoping review was carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute protocol between February and March 2022 and using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, Business Source Complete (via EBSCOhost), Academic Search Complete (via EBSCOhost) and Web of Science databases, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The different communication and pain assessment protocols covered awareness, cognition, sensory capacity, motor capacity, language, speech and literacy. The present review offers a starting point for the construction of a formal assessment instrument to enable clinicians to implement an augmentative or alternative communication system (AACS) for the voluntary, independent and active participation of patients. What is already known on the subject Patients in ICUs are subject to various forms of treatment and continuous and intensive monitoring, compromising their capacity to communicate and actively participate (e.g., sharing symptoms and making decisions). Although there is some awareness of their disadvantage in such a regard, few protocols of assessment of communicative competence have been adapted to patients with a minimum response. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge The present review highlights different protocols for the assessment of communication and pain. They include the following categories: awareness, sensory capacity, auditory and visual acuity, positioning and motor capacity, language, speech, and literacy. The review offers a starting point for the construction of a formal assessment instrument encompassing the aforementioned categories, along with duly validated guidelines for its application. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Our formal assessment instrument takes into account the need to adapt to different patient profiles. It is hoped that it will provide speech therapists and other health professionals with the information required to implement an AACS in which patients participate actively.

Retail and Institutional Investor Trading Behaviors: Evidence from China

We study two important questions regarding trading dynamics in China: How do retail and institutional investors trade, and what are the underlying factors for these behaviors? Different from the United States, China's stock market has two prominent features: dominance of retail investors and active participation by the government. After reviewing nearly 100 previous studies, we reach three conclusions. First, there are substantial heterogeneity in retail investors. Small retail investors have low financial literacy, exhibit behavioral biases, and not surprisingly, negatively predict future returns, whereas large retail investors and institutions are capable of processing information and positively predict future returns. Second, the macro- and firm-level information environment in China is slowly but gradually improving, which greatly affects trading behaviors of different investors, especially the more sophisticated institutional investors and large retail investors. Finally, the Chinese government actively adjusts their regulations on the stock market to serve the dual goals of growth and stability. Many regulations are effective, while some may generate unintended consequences.

A latent class analysis on students' beliefs about teachers' practices enhancing their well-being

Student well-being and student voice are two interrelated concepts that can play a critical role in education. While Student well-being refers to the overall state of students' physical, mental, and emotional health, student voice represents the active involvement and participation of students in shaping their own educational experiences. Notwithstanding the intimate association, there is a limited body of research that explores how students' distinct perceptions of teachers' practices that promote their well-being influence students' actual well-being levels. To address this research gap, a study was conducted involving 486 students. The participants, with an average age of 13.5 years, completed a questionnaire. Among the participants, 51.1% identified as female, and 13.6% had experienced academic retention. The latent class results classified the 7–9 grade student's beliefs about teacher's practices into “few times,” sometimes' and “often.” The model fitting results were as follows: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was 2,555.904, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was 2,610.244, Adjusted Bayesian Information Criterion (aBIC) was 2,568.983, and Entropy was 0.802. Compared with the “few times” and “sometimes” class, the “often” class was more prevalent in 8th grade (p = 0.05) and among male students (p = 0.04). Findings show that class membership is a predictor of student well-being (interpersonal, life satisfaction and perceived competence). Students who feel that their teachers are attentive, supportive, and address their needs more frequently are more likely to experience enhanced well-being.

Reconciling Cultural Values with Legal Principles: Traditional African Justice Systems in Contemporary Context

This comprehensive study delves into the fundamental principles of the traditional African justice system, juxtaposing it against the broader philosophical and jurisprudential evolution of the concept of justice. Drawing on a robust literature review, the article uncovers the unique features that set African justice mechanisms apart from formal court systems - the central role of community leaders, active community participation, and a focus on reconciliation and harmony. Tracing the concept of justice from ancient Greece to the present day, the study situates the African approach within this broader context. It explores diverse conceptions, from natural justice to economic, social, and corrective justice, and how they have been interpreted and applied in the African context. Crucially, the article reveals how traditional systems have often filled the gap between community needs and formal legal services. The findings suggest that the guiding principles of reconciliation and community harmony, which underpin the African justice model, offer invaluable insights for developing more holistic and inclusive justice systems. In an era of globalization, these insights could inform the pursuit of social cohesion and the common good, presenting a compelling alternative to the individualistic orientations of mainstream justice frameworks. Through its in-depth analysis and interdisciplinary approach, this study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of traditional African justice, its resilience, and its potential relevance in the contemporary world. The article's rich, sharp, and well-crafted narrative offers policymakers, scholars, and practitioners a vital resource for exploring innovative pathways to justice that prioritizes community-centric values.

Unlocking solid waste circularity in urban settings: Insights from upcoming town in Kenya

Emerging and developing urban economies experience significant waste management challenges due to increased consumption rates, and limited capacity to manage waste. However, these challenges offer opportunities for waste circularity to raise valuation and reduces the amount of solid waste in the dumpsite. This study assessed the existing solid waste management (SWM) systems along circular economy (CE) at businesses, residential, and learning institutions, identified existing opportunities for CE in SWM, and assessed residents' attitudes toward CE in SWM in Othaya, a rural upcoming town in central Kenya. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. 32 households, 19 premises, and 2 Key Informants were interviewed. First, the study findings revealed that the current waste practices in Othaya exhibit limited circularity, primarily influenced by convenience and a predominant linear approach results in substantial waste accumulation at the Gikeu dumpsite. Second, efforts from individuals and the government were progressively aligned to reduce waste disposal and promote circularity; however, the application of waste circularity governance through legal frameworks and agencies remained minimal. Third, challenges to CE progress were tied to the lack of CE awareness, absence of incentives, monetary valuation for participation, and inadequate waste sorting infrastructure. This study recommends raising awareness of CE principles and benefits to both individuals and businesses, enhancing waste governance that fosters CE principles through effective legal measures, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and introducing incentives to encourage active participation in waste circularity.

Parent-child joint leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Parents’ active participation in children’s activities can enhance communication and interaction in the family context, contributing to a positive family climate and healthy child development. This study examined Chinese parent–child joint leisure and media activities from February to May 2022 when COVID-19 restrictions were in place. A total of 1716 parents, forming a convenience sample, were surveyed to determine the frequency of parental participation in three types of joint activities: media, outdoor and artistic. Overall, the parents participated in joint activities once or twice weekly. The frequency of parental participation in joint activities is positively correlated with a positive family climate, indicating the importance of parents’ participation and involvement in joint activities for developing a strong family relationship. Parents’ ow’n text-based media is also positively associated with their frequency of participation in joint activity. Finally, significant differences among various regions in China suggest the influence of different lockdown policies.

Strategy actions to include students in a private hospital’s nursing teams: A qualitative study

Background: Student nurse education focusses on preparing competent professionals integral to nursing teams.Aim: To develop strategic actions to include student nurses within the nursing team.Setting: A private healthcare group in South Africa.Methods: A qualitative approach in three phases was used. Thirty purposively sampled participants recorded reflective journals in phase one. Tesch’s eight steps were utilised for analysis. Phase two involved non-probability volunteer sampling of 11 participants for the nominal group technique analysis. In phase three, total population sampling recruited nine panellists for an e-Delphi technique that provided data that were open coded.Results: Phase one identified themes, including perceptions of responsibilities, support needs, recognition, conflict and communication issues. Phase two revealed five strategic actions: fair treatment, aligned work allocation, active participation, respect and acknowledgement of contributions. Phase three validated 19 strategic statements underpinning the strategic actions.Conclusion: Unit managers play a key role in fostering inclusivity, impacting student nurse retention.Contribution: Enhancing team cohesion can improve workplace wellness and patient outcomes while aiding in retention and recruitment efforts.