Actual Evaporation Rate Research Articles

Changes monitoring in Hongjiannao Lake from 1987 to 2023 using Google Earth Engine and analysis of climatic and anthropogenic forces

The research aimed to quantify the lake area dynamics, evaluate the changes in distance and rate of lake shorelines quantitatively and spatially and investigate the key factors influencing the Hongjiannao Lake (HL) area shrinkage. The study used remote sensing (RS) data from Landsat TM/ETM+ and OLI images and Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud platform for obtaining the lake surface area and island information from 1987 to 2023. A modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was applied to water area extraction. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was employed to assess net shoreline movement (NSM) and depict the lake shoreline length and rate changes. Furthermore, the water level was derived by ASTER GDEM V2 using the waterline method and lake boundaries. Six climatic features (temperature, precipitation, potential and actual evaporation, aridity index, and actual water difference) were investigated to find the driving factors of lake area shrinkage by correlation and factor analysis. The results reveal that during 1987–2023, the HL area has undergone four separate phases: stable (1987–1997), shrinkage (1998–2015), growth (2016–2019), and reduction (2020–2023). The most substantial negative change (−7.45%) in the HL area was observed in 1998. NSM analysis demonstrates that the lake has experienced both expansion and shrinkage at various times and locations. According to Water Balance Method, the water volume of HL exhibited variations, ranging from −0.1895 to −0.009 km³. The average yearly change in lake volume, water level, and area displayed similar characteristics with high inconstancy. Correlation and factor analysis of lake area and climatic factors demonstrate that higher precipitation, low temperatures, less potential evaporation level, lower actual evaporation rates, and more minor differences in water levels are associated with an increase in lake area. In contrast, the opposite conditions lead to a reduction in lake size.

Evaporation rate and kinetic mechanism of noble antimony under vacuum

Herein, a novel mathematical and statistical method is applied to the kinetic study of vacuum gasification of noble-antimony alloys. The evaporation rates of pure and noble antimony in a unit time at 823–1023 K and 5–600 Pa are determined using a vacuum differential gravimetric furnace, and their respective evaporation mechanisms under vacuum are analyzed in detail in conjunction with their triple point. Results show that the actual evaporation rates of pure and noble antimony are consistent with those obtained using a nonlinear logistic model (ω=A2+(A1-A2)/[1+P/P0a); the goodness of fit (R2) is > 0.9965 at all temperatures. The critical pressure values of pure and noble antimony at 823–1023 K are obtained, which are linearly dependent on the temperature. According to the theoretical and actual maximum evaporation rates of pure and noble antimony, the evaporation coefficient is corrected and the relation between the actual evaporation rate and temperature (lgω=AT+B) is further obtained, which can be used to calculate and predict the evaporation rates of noble antimony at different temperatures. By studying the evaporation rate of pure and noble antimony, this study provides the kinetic parameters for vacuum gasification of noble antimony and simultaneously enriches the kinetic database, which develops and improves the theory and practice of vacuum gasification of noble-metal alloys.

Analysing Pan Evaporation to Understand Wastewater Treatment Plant Performance, A Case Study in A Manufacturing Industry

Water loss has become a problem with the balance of a water system, including one in the industry. General opinion has considered evaporation as one of the main justifications for explaining the water loss, especially in the area with a higher daily temperature. A study was conducted on a wastewater treatment system owned by a manufacturing industry consisting of semi-open-air sedimentation and aeration ponds, which suddenly experienced a significant deficit in its water balance. Problem-solving was performed by 8-Step Problem Solving approach and root causes were confirmed by estimating water evaporation. The actual water evaporation rate (E) was approached by pan evaporation (Epan) using the partial pressure of the water vapour and the pan evaporation coefficient (Kpan). The study revealed that evaporation (1.67±0.59mm.d-1 and 1.72±0.62mm.d-1, for sedimentation pond and aeration pond, respectively) was not the main cause of sudden significant water loss (R2 = .490, p-value .05) and confirmed another root cause. In parallel, a water balance model was constructed and fitted the actual condition (R = .987). A countermeasure was performed against the confirmed root cause followed by a monthly evaluation of water loss using the constructed model with a 3σ threshold value (UCL = 9.55%) which showed the elimination of the problem.

Evaluating the Drought Code for lowland taiga of Interior Alaska using eddy covariance measurements

Background The Drought Code (DC) of the Canadian Fire Weather Index System (CFWIS) has been intuitively regarded by fire managers in Alaska, USA, as poorly representing the moisture content in the forest floor in lowland taiga forests on permafrost soils. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the DC using its own framework of water balance as cumulative additions of daily precipitation and substractions of actual evaporation. Methods We used eddy covariance measurements (EC) from three flux towers in Interior Alaska as a benchmark of natural evaporation. Key results The DC water balance model overpredicted drought for all 14 site-years that we analysed. Errors in water balance cumulated to 109 mm by the end of the season, which was 54% of the soil water storage capacity of the DC model. Median daily water balance was 6.3 times lower than that measured by EC. Conclusions About half the error in the model was due to correction of precipitation for canopy effects. The other half was due to dependence of the actual evaporation rate on the proportional ‘fullness’ of soil water storage in the DC model. Implications Fire danger situational awareness is improved by ignoring the DC in the CFWIS for boreal forests occurring on permafrost.

Evaporation characteristics of elemental tellurium in the vacuum distillation process based on differential weight method measurement

Vacuum distillation is an indispensable process in the preparation of high purity tellurium. However, kinetic data of tellurium evaporation such as the actual evaporation rate, critical pressure, and evaporation coefficient have not been reported. In this work, the actual volatilization rate of tellurium was measured under different temperature and system pressure conditions. The vacuum volatilization of tellurium was analyzed in detail, which shows that there is a linear relationship between the natural logarithm of tellurium evaporation rate and the reciprocal of temperature, while the system pressure is constant. Additionally, when the distillation temperature is fixed, the tellurium evaporation rate and the system pressure meet the Logistics nonlinear relationship (ωactu = (A1-A2)/[1+(p/p0)a]+A2). Above the melting point of Te, the logarithm of critical pressure is linearly related to the reciprocal of the temperature (lgpcrit = 3.26–937.19/T). The experimental maximum evaporation rate of tellurium is calculated by the method of limiting and the evaporation coefficient α is between 0.4 and 10. The present study provides basic evaporation parameters, describes the behavior of tellurium under vacuum distillation, and offers theoretical guidance for vacuum distillation refining of tellurium.

Simulation for the thermal performance of super-hydrophilic fabric evaporative cooling roof based on experimental results

With characteristics of lightweight and simple construction, wet fabric roofs can achieve preferable cooling effects for top floor spaces of buildings leading to reductions of building air conditioning. However, the potentials of applying them to real projects are not well recognised, because we lack simulation models to precisely predict the thermal performance of the fabric roof. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic performance of a super-hydrophilic fabric roof for a single-storey building under the climates of Beijing based on an empirical model. Initially, a dedicated experimental system was built to measure the fabric's actual evaporation rate under a wide range of parameters including inlet air dry-bulb temperature, humidity, velocity, and imposed radiation intensity. The test data were used to develop an empirical model of evaporation rate by the symbolic regression method. The discrepancy between prediction and measurement was found to be within 90%, representing the model's accuracy was satisfactory. Furthermore, by incorporating the empirical model, an EnergyPlus program with an Energy Management System module was developed to predict the thermal performance of a single-storey building. The results showed that internal and external surface temperatures of the fabric roof can be reduced by up to 15.7 °C and 11.8 °C respectively. We concluded that the proposed fabric roof has great potential of cutting cooling load by 34%–44% in average compared to traditional roofs. This paper develops an empirical model for estimating the wet fabric's evaporation rate and paths a way for evaluating the cooling potential of fabric roofs for buildings in various climates.

An experimental investigation of the potential of empirical correlations derived based on Dalton’s law and similarity theory to predict evaporation rate from still water surface

This paper investigates the applicability of two approaches (similarity theory and Dalton’s law) in predicting the evaporation rate. The results of this study showed that conventional Dalton’s based models could not be used to predict the evaporation rate at all convection regimes. Thus, a new formula as a function of vapor density difference was developed to predict evaporation rate at natural turbulent convection. However, still, it cannot get an acceptable result. Also, another two formulas were developed to predict the evaporation rate at forced and mixed convection regimes after considering the nonlinear relationship between the evaporation rate and the vapor pressure difference. The evaporation rate is proportional to the exponent ( n) of the partial vapor pressure difference. This exponent was written as a function of the higher-order polynomial of air velocity to get a good match between experimental results and predicted value, and satisfactory results were achieved. Similarity theory is an analogy between heat and mass transfer methods used to predict the evaporation rate from the still free water surface. The results show that the evaporation rate obtained from the similarity method is much larger than the actual evaporation rate. The similarity theory considers the effect of the vapor density difference. Thus, it can be observed that the experimental results and similarity method results are in good agreement at natural turbulent convection. It is noteworthy that the similarity theory cannot predict the evaporation rate from the still water surface at forced convection. In this convection regime, the evaporated water surface is not completely smooth, which violates the assumption of the similarity theory. A nonlinear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the empirical correlation of the Sherwood number for mixed convection under turbulent conditions with the exponent n as a logarithmic function of the ratio [Formula: see text], then derived a new formula that can be used to evaluate evaporation rate at mixed convection regime, and the results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The laboratory measurements are made using the large wave tank-wind tunnel combination to control wind speed.

Finite-size evaporating droplets in weakly compressible homogeneous shear turbulence

We perform interface-resolved simulations of finite-size evaporating droplets in weakly compressible homogeneous shear turbulence. The study is conducted by varying three dimensionless physical parameters: the initial gas temperature over the critical temperature $T_{g,0}/T_c$ , the initial droplet diameter over the Kolmogorov scale $d_0/\eta$ and the surface tension, i.e. the shear-based Weber number, $We_{\mathcal {S}}$ . For the smallest $We_{\mathcal {S}}$ , we first discuss the impact on the evaporation rate of the three thermodynamic models employed to evaluate the gas thermophysical properties: a constant property model and two variable-properties approaches where either the gas density or all the gas properties are allowed to vary. Taking this last approach as reference, the model assuming constant gas properties and evaluated with the ‘1/3’ rule is shown to predict the evaporation rate better than the model where the only variable property is the gas density. Moreover, we observe that the well-known Frössling/Ranz-Marshall correlation underpredicts the Sherwood number at low temperatures, $T_{g,0}/T_c=0.75$ . Next, we show that the ratio between the actual evaporation rate in turbulence and the one computed in stagnant conditions is always much higher than one for weakly deformable droplets: it decreases with $T_{g,0}/T_c$ without approaching unity at the highest $T_{g,0}/T_c$ considered. This suggests an evaporation enhancement due to turbulence also in conditions typical of combustion applications. Finally, we examine the overall evaporation rate and the local interfacial mass flux at higher $We_{\mathcal {S}}$ , showing a positive correlation between evaporation rate and interfacial curvature, especially at the lowest $T_{g,0}/T_c$ .

Numerical and theoretical analysis of fast evaporating sessile droplets with coupled fields

Sessile evaporating droplets are widely encountered in various scientific and industrial fields, therefore, it is of vital importance for accurate prediction of actual droplet evaporation rates. For slow droplet evaporation, the heat and vapor transport of the droplet are diffusion-controlled, the classic isothermal model can predict the droplet evaporation well. However, for fast droplet evaporation, the convection flow, heat and vapor transfer are strongly coupled together, which brings great difficulty for accurate prediction. In this study, both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out to study the droplet evaporation with coupled flow, heat and vapor transfer fields. The droplet evaporation is investigated under different evaporative cooling numbers, droplet contact angles and substrate superheats. It is found that droplet evaporation can always be deteriorated by the evaporative cooling effect, while it can be enhanced by thermocapillary convection flow inside the droplet and natural convection outside the droplet. It is surprisingly found that the actual evaporation rates can be higher than those in the isothermal model, especially at low contact angle, high substrate superheat and weak evaporative cooling effect. Besides, a correction factor is proposed to quantify the deviation of actual evaporating rates in our fully coupled model from those in the isothermal model, and provides the dependence of the correction factor on evaporative cooling numbers, contact angles and substrate superheats, which can help predict the actual droplet evaporation rates. These findings may be helpful to get insight into the droplet evaporation and guide for its application.

The influence of solar radiation on plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete

Plastic shrinkage cracking (PSC) in concrete is related to the amount and rate of free pore water loss due to evaporation. This study investigates the influence of solar radiation on evaporation, the concrete temperature, plastic shrinkage and cracking. Literature suggests that exposure to solar radiation can either: increase the concrete temperature and, consequently, increase the rate of tensile strength gain resulting in less severe PSC or can increase the concrete temperature, resulting in a higher amount and rate of pore water loss to produce more severe PSC. The results of this study indicate that exposure to solar radiation significantly increases the amount and rate of pore water loss as well as plastic shrinkage and severity of PSC. To study PSC, many authors have estimated the evaporation rate from wind speed, air and concrete temperature and humidity which would result in significantly underestimating the actual evaporation rate if the concrete is exposed to moderate or high solar radiation. The accuracy of several radiation-related evaporation estimation models was evaluated by comparing the models to the actual rate of evaporation from specimens placed in the sun. A more accurate model was identified to estimate the evaporation in concrete specimens when exposed to solar radiation.

On the thermodynamic foundations of the complementary relationship of evaporation

The simultaneous thermodynamic pathways (i.e., isenthalps) of the air at the measurement height and at the vegetated land surface under isobaric and adiabatic wetting/drying cycles of the environment make it possible to define the actual evaporation rate with the help of three (one measured and two derived) vapor pressure (and corresponding temperature) terms. From the first-order approximation about the constancy of the relative average speed which the two isenthalps are travelled at during drying out of the environment, a non-dimensional, linear form of the complementary relationship (CR) of evaporation naturally emerges, but now expressed by vapor pressures (and temperatures, respectively). Without an artificially low Priestley-Taylor parameter value this linear CR would overestimate the evaporation rates because the surface warms faster than the constant relative speed assumption permits. With the appropriate estimation of the wet-surface temperature and employment of realistic boundary conditions, the latter leading to a nonlinear CR, land evaporation rates can be estimated fairly accurately with minimal input variables (air temperature, humidity, wind speed and net surface radiation) and without any information of land surface properties. Not only actual but three potential evaporation rates can also be defined by linking the temperature/vapor pressure coordinates of the air and the surface isenthalps, thus reproducing certain existing formulations of the CR as well as re-creating an existing hybrid (containing, both non-dimensional vapor pressure and evaporation terms) version of it.

Purification of crude selenium by vacuum distillation and analysis

In this study, metallurgical grade crude selenium (99.4%), comprehensively recovered from copper electrolysis anode slime, was purified to 99.992% through triple consecutive vacuum distillation (TCVD) on a laboratory scale. The actual evaporation rate and accommodation coefficient α of crude selenium were found to be 0.0231 g cm−2 min and 0.3236, respectively, at 523 K and approximately 4 Pa by a vacuum thermogravimetric furnace. Internal heat vacuum distillation equipment was employed in the purification experiments with a dynamic vacuum level of approximately 4 Pa. Detailed analysis of the initial and purified selenium was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to identify the 15 most common impurity elements. The analysis confirmed the reduction in the total impurity content from 2997.38 ppmw to <79.08 ppmw. The microscopic impurity elemental distribution was analyzed using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and it shows that the impurities were relatively concentrated and gathered in crude selenium. The results enrich the database of selenium evaporation kinetics and lay a foundation for the industrial purification of selenium.

Modelling of water evaporation from cracked clayey soil

A model for predicting water evaporation from clayey soil with desiccation cracks was developed based on a general suction-related model. The effect of desiccation cracks was accounted for by introducing a surface crack ratio (Rc) and a ratio of relative humidity in cracks to that at soil surface (k). The model was validated on the basis of two large scale evaporation experiments in an environmental chamber under controlled atmospheric condition. The results show that soil cracking strongly affects the actual evaporation rate, especially after the falling-rate evaporation stage. Ratios Rc and k are two relevant parameters in describing the effect of cracks on water evaporation in a simple fashion. The introduction of these two parameters allows the three-dimension evaporation problem in cracked soil to be reduced to one-dimension evaporation problem. Comparison between the model predictions and the experimental results shows that with consideration of the effect of desiccation cracks, the model can satisfactorily describe water evaporation from cracked clayey soil under controlled atmospheric condition.

A new climatic chamber for studying soil–atmosphere interaction in physical models

A new climatic chamber at the Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia has been designed and built to simulate atmosphere. It has been instrumented to measure various environmental variables, including relative humidity (RH), wind velocity, radiation and temperature. The climatic chamber has been calibrated so that it properly simulates each environmental variable as well as the heat-transfer mechanisms that affect desiccation in soil layers. First, a potential evaporation test was performed in a container filled with water. The weight of the water evaporated was measured, and the interaction with the artificial atmosphere was studied. Then, an actual evaporation test was performed on a soil layer, and the relations among environmental variables and soil properties such as soil temperature, water content and suction were determined. The principal results show the existence of a gradient of RH at the soil–atmosphere interface. Also, a comparison between potential and actual evaporation indicates that suction is the main soil property that affects the actual evaporation rate.

Cracking, salinity and evaporation in mesoscale experiments on three types of tailings

Evaporation is a phenomenon useful in assisting in the dewatering and stabilisation of various mineral wastes. This paper summarises findings on the influence of cracking and salinity on evaporation in mesoscale (1·0 m by 0·7 m in plan) deposition experiments on three different mineral slurries: thickened gold tailings, thickened oil sands tailings and oil sands tailings modified by in-line polymer flocculation. Each tailings exhibited substantially different evaporation related phenomena. In the two finer-grained oil sands tailings, crack development correlated with apparent actual evaporation rates larger than the potential rate, which ceased once crack volume stopped increasing. Total suction at the surface was dominated by osmotic suction in the thickened oil sands tailings, whereas total suction was largely matric in the other two tailings. In the gold tailings, no strong signal from cracks on evaporation could be detected. The gold tailings exhibited ‘declining stage I’ evaporation, which has been recently described from idealised drying experiments on sands. The relatively unique behaviour of each tailings type with respect to evaporation highlights the importance of considering larger scale effects when assessing tailing dewatering by evaporation.

Redressing the balance: quantifying net intercatchment groundwater flows

Abstract. Intercatchment groundwater flows (IGFs), defined as groundwater flows across topographic divides, can occur as regional groundwater flows that bypass headwater streams and only drain into the channel further downstream or directly to the sea. However, groundwater flows can also be diverted to adjacent river basins due to geological features (e.g., faults, dipping beds and highly permeable conduits). Even though intercatchment groundwater flows can be a significant part of the water balance, they are often not considered in hydrological studies. Yet, assuming this process to be negligible may introduce misrepresentation of the natural system in hydrological models, for example in regions with complex geological features. The presence of limestone formations in France and Belgium potentially further exacerbates the importance of intercatchment groundwater flows, and thus brings into question the validity of neglecting intercatchment groundwater flows in the Meuse basin. To isolate and quantify the potential relevance of net intercatchment groundwater flows in this study, we propose a three-step approach that relies on the comparison and analysis of (1) observed water balance data within the Budyko framework, (2) results from a suite of different conceptual hydrological models and (3) remote-sensing-based estimates of actual evaporation. The data of 58 catchments in the Meuse basin provide evidence of the likely presence of significant net intercatchment groundwater flows occurring mainly in small headwater catchments underlain by fractured aquifers. The data suggest that the relative importance of net intercatchment groundwater flows is reduced at the scale of the Meuse basin, as regional groundwater flows are mostly expected to be self-contained in large basins. The analysis further suggests that net intercatchment groundwater flow processes vary over the year and that at the scale of the headwaters, net intercatchment groundwater flows can make up a relatively large proportion of the water balance (on average 10 % of mean annual precipitation) and should be accounted for to prevent overestimating actual evaporation rates.

Effects of Organic Mulch Materials on Soil Surface Evaporation

The effects of organic mulching material on soil surface evaporation were studied in Abia State. The objective of the study was to compare impact of mulch materials on saturated hydraulic conductivity and surface evaporation. The organic mulch materials were composted and non-composted Calapogonuim, Chromolena and Panicum spp. The design was randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data generated were statistically analysed. Analysis of variance was used to compare the influence of mulch materials on the measured soil properties and significant means were separated using least significant differences at 5% level of probability. Line graph was used to represent the impact of mulch materials on the surface evaporation. Results showed that saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with the application of the mulch materials. Soil applied with non-composted Chromolena spp. mulch material had the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity (73.00 cm hr-1). Soil surface evaporation varied with both composted and non-composted mulch materials at 3rd and 9th day. The volume of soil moisture lost to the atmosphere was lower in non-composted Calapogonuim mulch material compared with the other mulch materials under study (3rd to 9th day, 3.9 to 11.0 cm3 respectively). Composted and non-composted Panicum mulch was observed to be a more efficient physical barrier to prevent the loss of moisture to the atmosphere as compared to other mulch materials studied. From the present study, it was evident that application of mulch reduced the actual evaporation rates in the initial days after irrigation (coinciding with early periods of plant growth). The water was thus conserved and could be used by the crop subsequently during the later period of its growth.

Determination and influence evaluation of the acoustic impedance ratio for thermal co-evaporation

Metal-halide perovskites are promising materials for applications like lasers and solar cells. In this work, we show the importance of an accurate determination of the source material parameters (acoustic impedance ratio and density) for thermal co-evaporation of soft materials like perovskites. We use here methylammonium iodide and lead(II)iodide for the exemplary deposition of methylammoniumlead(II)triiodide. We measure the thickness of the deposited layers by scanning electron microscopy cross sections and monitor the frequency change of the quartz crystal microbalances. We use a model with a one-dimensional acoustical composite resonator for the correct determination of the acoustic impedance ratio, resulting in values of 0.025 ± 0.002 for methylammonium iodide and of 0.11 ± 0.01 for lead(II)iodide. We use the resulting material parameters to deposit a layer of crystalline methylammonium lead triiodide with an accurately controlled stoichiometry of MAPbIx with x = 3.2 ± 0.2. We show the impact assuming false acoustic impedance ratios by simulating the actual evaporation rates of the source materials. We show that the ratio of the evaporation rates changes significantly during the deposition process. This results in a strong stoichiometry gradient in the perovskite layer and a mismatch in the average stoichiometry for a typical absorber thickness of 600 nm.

Modelling of water evaporation from bare sand

A soil suction-based model for predicting water evaporation from bare sand surface was developed. The soil water evaporation was considered as a function of the soil surface suction or soil surface relative humidity. The effect of the progress of dry soil layer during evaporation was also accounted for by introducing a function of relative humidity distribution inside the dry soil layer. The model was validated on the basis of four sand evaporation tests using environmental chamber under different atmospheric conditions. The results show that solely accounting for the air relative humidity as driving force for evaporation is not appropriate because the soil suction at the air/soil interface is much higher than that deduced from the air relative humidity. Moreover, the relative humidity distribution inside the dry soil layer is depth dependent, and can be described by a nonlinear function of depth. The effect of the dry soil layer was found significant on the evolution of actual evaporation. Indeed, with the presence of this layer, the actual evaporation rate can decrease sharply. Comparison between the model simulations and the test results shows that with consideration of the effect of this dry layer, the model can satisfactorily describe water evaporation from sand under different atmospheric conditions.

How the evaporation of dry dune grasslands evolves during the concerted succession of soil and vegetation

AbstractSustainable water and vegetation management of coastal dunes requires fundamental knowledge of how interactions between soil, water, and vegetation evolve during succession. Therefore, we quantified the effect of succession on evaporation in dry dune grasslands of the Netherlands. On the basis of vegetation and soil records, we simulated the evaporation rate of vegetation plots that differed in successional stage, slope angle and slope orientation. Starting from bare sand, average yearly evaporation increased with 94 mm in a period of 52 to 76 years of soil and vegetation succession. The increase in evaporation was for the greater part caused by soil development (an increase of the water holding capacity) and the lesser part by an increase in vascular plant cover. In an early successional stage, ground layer evaporation could be both higher and lower compared to bare soil evaporation, depending on the moss species. At a later successional stage, moss species primarily decreased ground layer evaporation and facilitated vascular plants. Despite clear differences in slope angle and slope orientation, the simulated actual evaporation rate was not significantly correlated to the incoming solar radiation because the vascular plant cover and soil water holding capacity decreased with incoming solar radiation. These results show that biotic processes can eliminate the effects of micrometeorological differences on evaporation. On the basis of our findings, we hypothesize that vegetation shifts towards more moss‐ and lichen‐dominated vegetation could mitigate the adverse effects of climate change (e.g., drier summers) on water resources.