SEVENTY-MILLIMETER and other radiographic spot-filming from the output phosphor of the image-intensifier tube have come into usage because of ease of operation, rapid sequencing, decreased radiation dosage to the patient, film costs, and natural adaptability to remote control fluoroscopic equipment. There is, however, much confusion in recommendations for films, developers, radiographic exposure factors, and other technical aspects. Furthermore, the use of television viewing has encouraged manufacturers to compromise the optical system design and grid recommendations in favor of the televised image. The equipment manufacturers have stressed the lower radiation exposure per 70-mm frame in comparison to conventional spot-filming. In many cases, however, they have achieved lower dose rates by omitting a grid or by the use of a "lowdose grid." Low-dose grids have little ability to remove scattered radiation at high kilovoltages. Concurrently, manufacturers have stressed high kilovoltage spot-filming as a means to reduce radiation. The small field sizes of a 9- or 6-inch image amplifier have been another argument in favor of omission of a grid. Actual entrance field size is usually less than two thirds the nominal diameter of the input phosphor of image amplifiers used with under-the-table fluoroscopic tubes. On the other hand, the televised image is much more sensitive to low-input radiation than to low contrast. The omission of the grid results in transmission of more radiation during televised fluoroscopy, producing a better television image. Method Seventy-millimeter spot-films, radiation measurements, and television images were evaluated with a water and unit density Masonite phantom containing an Aldersonsimulated stomach filled with barium. Filming and radiation measurements were made for 10-,20-, and 30-cm phantom thicknesses at both the 15-cm and the 22-cm modes of the image amplifier. Film-badge dosimetry for measuring entrance doses in R per 70-mm exposure was employed with an accuracy check, using a calibrated Victoreen condenser R meter. Exposures were phototimed, resulting in a constant film density and exit dose. Fluoroscopic output in R per minute was measured with the Victoreen ionization chamber. The amplifier tube was brought within 2 em of the phantom for radiation measurements and filming; the target-film distance therefore varied with the thickness of the phantom. The following grid combinations were used: (a) No grid, (b) 3 1/2 : 1—60-line universal focus grid, (c) 8: 1—80-line 26- to 32-inch focus grid, (d) 5 : 1 crisscross 80-line, 28- to 72-inch focus grid, (e) 3 1/2 : 1 grid placed at right angles to an 8 : 1 grid, or (f) two 8 : 1 grids placed at right angles to each other creating our own crisscross grids.