Actual Destination Research Articles

Automated photo filtering for tourism domain using deep and active learning: the case of Israeli and worldwide cities on instagram

Social media platforms like Instagram significantly influence tourists’ travel decisions by providing them with valuable insights, recommendations, authentic information, and points of interest. However, photos shared with location-specific hashtags, even those related to tourist attractions, do not always reflect the actual destination, creating challenges for potential visitors seeking accurate information. To assist tourists in finding pertinent tourism information for specific destinations, we propose VISTA: Visual Identification of Significant Travel Attractions. The proposed method employs deep learning and active learning techniques to automatically classify photos into: ‘Tourism-Related’ photos (i.e., photos related to tourism) and ‘Non-Tourism-Related’ photos (i.e., photos unrelated to tourism). To train our machine learning classifier, we created a dataset containing photos of the 10 most popular Israeli cities on Instagram. The classifier obtained an accuracy score of 0.965 and a weighted F1 score of 0.964. Evaluating our classifier’s global generalization on the InstaCities100K dataset, derived from InstaCities1M, yielded an accuracy score of 0.958 and a weighted F1 score of 0.959. The effectiveness of VISTA was demonstrated by comparing tourism-related and non-tourism-related photos in terms of photo proportion, user engagement, and object comparison. We found that most photos published on Instagram associated with cities are irrelevant to tourists and that tourism-related photos received more likes than non-tourism-related photos. Finally, there was a low overlap between objects in the two photo collections. Based on these results, we conclude that VISTA can help tourists tackle the problem of finding relevant tourism-related photos among the high volume of photos available on Instagram.

On swimmer’s strategies in various currents

Finding an optimum strategy to reach a certain destination by swimming in a background flow is an interesting question that leads to non-trivial results and swimming paths. Here we consider different strategies for various types of surface currents, including parallel currents, and currents resulting from spring sources, and sinks. Swimmers may instinctively swim toward the destination point. It turns out that this idea may not lead to the desired result in the presence of the background current. We will show in some cases the best strategy is to swim towards a certain point other than the actual destination. A different strategy may be to obtain the path of the least time and then follow the minimized path. We study this alternative strategy, too.

유튜브 여행 콘텐츠 특성이 잠재적 여행객의 행동의도와의 관계에 대한 연구

This study aimed to verify behavioral intentions of potential travelers targeting YouTube travel content and investigated to verify the relationship between YouTube contents characteristics, flow experience, emotional well-being, continuous use intentions, and actual destination visit intention. For empirical analysis, by distributing 360 samples of Google Survey Doc for a month from October 13, 2022, 287 samples were used for the final analysis excluding 73 samples of unfaithful or ambiguous responses. The analysis results of the hypothesis test in this study are as follows. Among the characteristics of YouTube contents, ease of use did not significantly affect flow experience, so Hb were rejected. but, usefulness, enjoyment and vividness were found to have a significant effect on flow experience as adopted of H1a, c and d. And hypotheses H2, H3, H4, and H5 were adopted. Through the analysis results, practical implications were provided by presenting basic data useful for establishing management strategies for travel and tourism companies.

교외 활동 연계 성찰글쓰기 수업 기법의 제안

The purpose of this study is to suggest a method to help learners understand the world differently than before by activating their communication skills. This technique improves communication skills needed for freshmen rather than improving academic writing skills. And this technique doubles the efficacy of reflective writing, which is naturally raised in the process. The key to this technique is to have them design a ‘one-day group trip’ and go to the actual destination. This method was derived from the process of linking Kyung Hee University's 'Writing for Me' technique (focused on reflective writing activities) with Kangwon University's 'Writing and Speaking' (focused on creativity and communication). Learners who have visited the travel destination designed by themselves write a new feling with themselves. As a result, they understand themselves and the world in a different way than before. This goes beyond the limitations of reflective writing, which has been focused on imaginative practice.

Explore: An Attraction Search Tool for Transit Trip Planning

Publishing information about a transit agency’s stops, routes, schedules, and status in a variety of formats and delivery methods is an essential part of improving the usability of a transit system and the satisfaction of a system’s riders. A key staple of most transit traveler information systems is the trip planner, a tool that serves travelers well if the both origin and destination are known. However, sometimes the availability of transit at a location is more important than the actual destination. Given this premise, we developed an Attractions Search Tool to make use of an underlying trip planner to search online databases of local restaurants, shopping, parks and other amenities based on transit availability from the user’s origin. The ability to perform such a search by attraction type rather than specific destination can be a powerful aid to a traveler with a need or desire to use public transportation.

Dark tourism: motivations and visit intentions of tourists

PurposeThe overall purpose of this study is to utilize the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in combination with four dark tourism constructs (dark experience, engaging entertainment, unique learning experience, and casual interest) to gain a better understanding of behaviors and intentions of tourists who have visited or plan to visit a dark tourism location.Design/methodology/approachA total of 1,068 useable questionnaires was collected via Qualtrics Panels for analysis purposes. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to verify satisfactory reliability and validity regarding the measurement of model fit. With adequate model fit, structural equation modeling was employed to determine positive and negative relationships between TPB and dark tourism constructs. In all, 11 hypotheses statements were tested within this study.FindingsResults of this study indicate that tourists are curious, interested, and intrigued by dark experiences with paranormal activity, resulting in travel choices made for themselves based on personal beliefs and preferences, with minimal outside influence from others. It was determined that dark experience was the most influential of the dark tourism constructs tested in relationship to attitudes and subjective norm.Research limitations/implicationsThe data collected for this study were collected using Qualtrics Panels with self-reporting participants. The actual destination visited by survey participants was also not factored into the results of this research study.Originality/valueThis study provides a new theoretical research model that merges TPB and dark tourism constructs and established that there is a relationship between TPB constructs and dark tourism.

Trauma by-pass guideline: A data-driven conformance analysis for road trauma cases in Queensland.

Study objectives were to (i) develop and test a whole-of-system method for identifying patients who meet a major trauma by-pass guideline definition; (ii) apply this method to assess conformance to the current 2006 guideline for a road trauma cohort; and (iii) leverage relevant findings to propose improvements to the guideline. Retrospective analysis of existing, routinely collected data relating to Queensland road trauma patients July 2015 to June 2017. Data from ambulance, aero-medical retrievals, ED, hospital and death registers were linked and used for analysis. Processes of care measured included: frequency of pre-hospital triage criteria, distribution of destination (trauma service level), compliance with guideline (recommended vs actual destination), trauma service level by threat to life (injury severity) (all modes of transport and aero-medical in particular), proportion of patients requiring only ED, transport pathway (direct vs inter-hospital transfer). 3847 cases were identified from data as meeting criteria for major trauma by-pass. The top five most frequently used criteria for qualifying patients as meeting the major trauma by-pass guideline were pulse rate, vehicle rollover, possible spinal cord injury, respiration rate and entrapment. The study demonstrates a 65% conformance to the clinical guideline. Overtriaged patients (transported to higher trauma service than recommended) generally reveal International Classification of Disease Injury Severity Score representing a high threat to life. Overall, the present study found good conformance, with overtriage rate as expected by clinicians. It is recommended to include data values to capture paramedics assessment of trauma level to enable more accurate assessment of conformance to guideline and future revision of the thresholds.

Visitors Preferences for Tourist Destinations: A Comparative Analysis of Two Contrasting Destination Themes in Lagos, Nigeria

This research was conducted to investigate motivating factors that influences the preferences of visitors to either Culture-based or the Nature-based destination. The 'Push and Pull' theory of motivation was adopted to identify how Push (motivations) and Pull (destination attraction) influenced visitors’ preferences destinations under investigation, and to identify their relationship. Six (6) sampled destinations- a combination of both Nature-based and Culture-based destinations were randomly selected for this study. Appropriate statistical analyses were carried out and major findings indicated that both Push and Pull factors influences visitors preferences, however Pull factors had more significant effect on visitors preference, especially on the destination visited, indicating that destination attractions has more influence on visitors than their motivations to achieve their desires or needs. The chi-square was used to determine statistical significance among 'Push' and 'Pull' factors and analysis revealed a significant association between preferred Tourist destination and the actual destination visited. Mean measures unveiled that destination attributes/attraction (Pull factors) significantly influenced those that visited nature-based destinations than those that visited culture-based destinations, with attributes: 'Ease of access', ' Overall cleanliness of the destination' and 'Quality of service' with higher rankings. Destination Managers, marketers and all stakeholders in Tourism marketing should pay attention to the intrinsic and extrinsic reasons why people visit in other to grow tourism and because they are fundamental to why people visit or travel. Especially pull factors, as a lot more can be done in this regard, than what pushes visitors due to the unpredictability of human needs.

Assessing the Indoor Conditions of a 3rd Century AD Roman Domus by Dynamic Energy Simulation and Comparison with Vitruvian Hypothesis: Preliminary Findings

Roman best practices concerning construction technology were well consolidated and implemented in ancient times. These are traditionally belonging to Vitruvius, who coded the classic rules on architecture. Amongst these, the destination of use of the different rooms is paramount, especially in respect to the orientation of the building. Dynamic energy simulation software is a tool of proven effectiveness and of widespread diffusion in the field of building engineering. It is primarily used to evaluate and foreseen the effects that building stratigraphy, thermal loads and HVAC systems have on the indoor thermo-hygrometric conditions. In this study, such tool has been used to investigate ancient buildings, basing the analysis on reliable hypothesis about the original construction, partially assumed if the upper structures were missing, on the actual stratigraphy obtained from archaeological remains, and on the supposed ancient climate condition estimated from literature on ancient climate and archaeological evidences. The analyzed case study is a Roman domus that dates back to 3rd century AD, located in Piazza Nogara (Verona, Italy). The proposed method allows evaluating the indoor comfort conditions that occurred when the building was inhabited. Furthermore, simulating different building orientations, it is possible to verify if the actual destination of use of the rooms is the very best from an indoor microclimate standpoint.

Comparing the Temporal Determinants of Dockless Scooter-share and Station-based Bike-share in Washington, D.C.

Abstract Dockless, or free-floating mobility has gained unprecedented popularity in the last year, from being virtually non-existent in 2017 to facilitating over 38.5 million trips in 2018. Hitherto, few studies have analyzed dockless micromobility, and scooter-share particularly using big data. This paper analyzes and compares the determinants of dockless scooters-share (DSS) and of station-based bike-share (SBBS) rides in D.C. It made use of API data from dockless vendors and historical trip data from Capital Bikeshare from December 2018 to June 2019. Two variables were estimated: hourly number of trips and hourly median duration of trips. A negative-binomial regression model was performed at the hourly scale controlling for environmental and economic variables including weather-related data, gasoline prices, local events or disturbances, day of week, and time of day. Four groups were analyzed: all of micromobility combined and weighed, SBBS members, SBBS non-members, and DSS. Three important findings emerged: (1) Temporal use differences between the three user groups were found, but DSS users behave most similarly to SBBS non-members. (2) Weather is less of a disutility for DSS users than for SBBS users. We attribute this to the physical ease of using a scooter and to the convenience of ending a trip at the actual destination rather than a nearby docking station. (3) All micromobility user types are sensitive to changing gas prices, although DSS users appear slightly more sensitive both in terms of trip count and duration. Additionally, an analysis of the interaction between modes found a possible competition between DSS and SBBS non-members and a complementary relationship between DSS and SBBS members. We conclude that significant differences exist between the two modes, and combined with its sudden and rising popularity, micromobility and DSS in particular could have a major role in promoting a shift towards low-carbon mobility.

Location Based Augmented Reality Navigation Application

We will be integrating Augmented Reality to the traditional maps which will give a new perspective to the maps. We will be using Location based and Markerless Aug- mented Reality which will track the user's current location and calculate the destination by calculating distance between them and will facilitate information about the places which appears within the journey. The problem occuring in traditional mapping is not proper direction representation. A traditional map cannot provide a proper view for instance if there is a flyover and a road below it, traditional map cannot differentiate between them and will show both as a single blue line (path) which will confuse the user which way to go. This problem can be solved as we would be providing a 3 Dimensional view . Along with a generous assistant which will help the user in interactive manner. The assistant will direct the user till the actual destination which will solve our above problem whether to take flyover or the road??It will also give information about the places nearby in the route with their details on for example if we come across a restaurant, it will augment name of the cafe its ratings etc which help user to make decision if he requires anything during the journey!!In this way one of the latest technology can be used for the betterment of the user and to solve the problem of users getting confused while finding their destination.

Abstract TP169: Discharge Planning for Stroke Survivors in the Northeast

Introduction: The process of determining stroke survivor’s post-acute care is not well understood. This study sought to examine the factors influencing these decisions and barriers to obtaining care. Methods: 23 hospitals in the northeastern US each contributed data on approximately 20 consecutive acute stroke patients. Discharge planners (DP) and physical therapists (PT) involved in the care of each patient were queried regarding the selection of discharge destination and any barriers encountered. Results: Data was analyzed for 427 stroke patients hospitalized from May 2015 - November 2016; 45% of the patients were female, the mean age was 71 + 15 and primary insurance was Medicare (50.8%), Medicaid (4.9%), Managed Care/Commercial (21.5%) or other/uninsured (3.3%); no response/unavailable (19.4%). One hundred and eighty-four patients (43.1%) were discharged directly home, 146 (34.2%) were discharged to an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility, 94 (22.0%) were discharged to a Skilled Nursing Facility, and 3(0.7%) to a Long Term Acute Care Hospital. DPs and PTs agreed regarding preferred discharge destination in 355 (83.1%) of cases. The actual discharge destination matched the preferred discharge destination in 92.5% of these cases. There were 23 cases (6.5%) where the patient was discharged to a less intensive setting than preferred by both respondents, and in 8 (2.3%) insurance barriers were cited by at least one respondent as the reason for the discrepancy in discharge destination. In most of the remaining cases the discrepancy was accounted for by “patient/family preference”. Conclusions: Most stroke survivors in the Northeast are discharged to the “most appropriate” post-acute facility based on the opinion of their discharge planners and physical therapists. Most patients discharged to less intensive settings than preferred by their DPs and PTs, were attributed to patient/family preference, with only a small minority discharged to another type of setting based on insurance or other limitations. This supports the hypothesis that local referral preferences may be a larger driver of the variation in the utilization of post-acute care rather than insurance or other barriers. Further research is needed to clarify optimal care for this population.

A Trip Purpose-Based Data-Driven Alighting Station Choice Model Using Transit Smart Card Data

Automatic fare collection (AFC) systems have been widely used all around the world which record rich data resources for researchers mining the passenger behavior and operation estimation. However, most transit systems are open systems for which only boarding information is recorded but the alighting information is missing. Because of the lack of trip information, validation of utility functions for passenger choices is difficult. To fill the research gaps, this study uses the AFC data from Beijing metro, which is a closed system and records both boarding information and alighting information. To estimate a more reasonable utility function for choice modeling, the study uses the trip chaining method to infer the actual destination of the trip. Based on the land use and passenger flow pattern, applying k-means clustering method, stations are classified into 7 categories. A trip purpose labelling process was proposed considering the station category, trip time, trip sequence, and alighting station frequency during five weekdays. We apply multinomial logit models as well as mixed logit models with independent and correlated normally distributed random coefficients to infer passengers’ preferences for ticket fare, walking time, and in-vehicle time towards their alighting station choice based on different trip purposes. The results find that time is a combined key factor while the ticket price based on distance is not significant. The estimated alighting stations are validated with real choices from a separate sample to illustrate the accuracy of the station choice models.

Accuracy of Prehospital Triage in Selecting Severely Injured Trauma Patients

A major component of trauma care is adequate prehospital triage. To optimize the prehospital triage system, it is essential to gain insight in the quality of prehospital triage of the entire trauma system. To prospectively evaluate the quality of the field triage system to identify severely injured adult trauma patients. Prehospital and hospital data of all adult trauma patients during 2012 to 2014 transported with the highest priority by emergency medical services professionals to 10 hospitals in Central Netherlands were prospectively collected. Prehospital data collected by the emergency medical services professionals were matched to hospital data collected in the trauma registry. An Injury Severity Score of 16 or more was used to determine severe injury. The quality and diagnostic accuracy of the field triage protocol and compliance of emergency medical services professionals to the protocol. A total of 4950 trauma patients were evaluated of which 436 (8.8%) patients were severely injured. The undertriage rate based on actual destination facility was 21.6% (95% CI, 18.0-25.7) with an overtriage rate of 30.6% (95% CI, 29.3-32.0). Analysis of the protocol itself, regardless of destination facility, resulted in an undertriage of 63.8% (95% CI, 59.2-68.1) and overtriage of 7.4% (95% CI, 6.7-8.2). The compliance to the field triage trauma protocol was 73% for patients with a level 1 indication. More than 20% of the patients with severe injuries were not transported to a level I trauma center. These patients are at risk for preventable morbidity and mortality. This finding indicates the need for improvement of the prehospital triage protocol.

Investigating Tourists’ Destination Choices – An Application of Network Analysis

A better understanding of the complex destination choice process is highly relevant, both for academia and practice. Tourism research tends to focus either on actually executed or hypothetical destination choices. However, a discrepancy exists between these two types of destination choices which has hardly been investigated. Moreover, past research often studies tourists and their attitudes, needs or perceptions of destinations but not how destinations’ attributes affect destination choices. To approach these two research gaps, this study concentrates not only on actual but also on hypothetical destination choices to better understand differences in the evaluation of alternative destinations. This study furthermore examines the role of the destination itself to discover the influence of destination characteristics on destination choices. Therefore, network analysis and set theory are combined in a new research approach which allows to analyse destination choices with varying closeness to reality whilst preserving destination information. The analysis is based on a quantitative survey of German tourists’ travel decision-making behaviour. The results reveal changes in destination choices from multidimensional hypothetical choices to unidimensional actual and past choices. Furthermore, only few destinations have a consistent position whilst most destinations are either more relevant for hypothetical or actual destination choices.

Performance Efficiency of SRP over AODV Enforcing Attacks

Objectives: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is a suitable environment for unknown or unspecified communications. It is an infra-structureless network. Standard protocols like AODV, OLSR and DSR are used in routing packets. In this paper, we compare AODV protocol with SRP protocol enforcing a Black hole, worm hole and Sybil attacks. Group signature is used to authenticate the route requests and to defend the potential active attacks without exposing the node identities. During the transmission, the intermediary nodes does not know the actual destination since onion routing concept along with route verification message is used. Methods/Analysis: Using NS2, first a sample of 50 nodes is generated and is made to move randomly. Dynamic clustering is done within the sample area of 500 x 500 sq.m. Set up 50 nodes as sink nodes and attach a local agent and loss monitor for each node. Position these nodes in the sample area. The nodes 0,20,22,10 were set up as source and nodes 24, 9, 2, 14 were set up as destinations respectively for transmission of packets. Findings: The four performance measures Energy spent, Packet Delivery ratio, delay and throughput or output with 6 attacker nodes (50, 51, 52, 53, 54 and 55) with different simulation time like 2, 4, 6, 8, 10s are taken for comparison. Transmission of packet is tested using AODV and the performance metrics are traced. Similarly the performance metrics are tested with SRP protocol. The values are tabulated and a graph is generated for each metric in Y-axis and time in X-axis. From the results obtained we can observe SRP outperforms AODV in all four parameters. Novelty of the Study: A VMware workstation is installed and tested in Unix environment using tool command language the modules are created in vi editor. They are executed using ns command. This paper compares the performance of SRP with AODV enforcing attacker nodes. Conclusion: During data transmission between nodes in MANETs the SRP protocol outperforms AODV. The result analysis below shows the four performance measures Energy spent, PDR, end-to-end delay and throughput.

Discrete choice modelling of natal dispersal: ‘Choosing’ where to breed from a finite set of available areas

SummaryClassic natal dispersal studies focus mainly on distance travelled. Although distances capture some of the main selective pressures related to dispersal, this approach cannot easily incorporate the properties of the actual destination vs. the available alternatives. Recently, movement ecology studies have addressed questions on movement decisions in relation to availability of resources and/or availability of suitable habitats through the use of discrete choice models (DCMs), a widely used type of models within econometrics, which explains individual choices as a function of the properties of a finite number of alternatives.In this contribution, we show how the dispersal discrete choice model (DDCM) can be used for analysing natal dispersal data in patchy environments given that the natal and the breeding area of the disperser are observed. We test this method using a case study on Great Tits (Parus major) in an archipelago of small woodlots.Our results show thatDDCMs are able to capture the results of classic distance‐based approaches and simultaneously allow testing hypotheses on how departure and settlement are affected by variables that characterize the disperser, the natal patch and the breeding area, as well as their interactions.DDCMs can be applied to any other species and system that uses some form of discrete breeding location or a certain degree of discretization can be applied.

The Error Reporting in the ATLAS TDAQ System

The ATLAS Error Reporting provides a service that allows experts and shift crew to track and address errors relating to the data taking components and applications. This service, called the Error Reporting Service (ERS), gives to software applications the opportunity to collect and send comprehensive data about run-time errors, to a place where it can be intercepted in real-time by any other system component. Other ATLAS online control and monitoring tools use the ERS as one of their main inputs to address system problems in a timely manner and to improve the quality of acquired data.The actual destination of the error messages depends solely on the run-time environment, in which the online applications are operating. When an application sends information to ERS, depending on the configuration, it may end up in a local file, a database, distributed middleware which can transport it to an expert system or display it to users. Thanks to the open framework design of ERS, new information destinations can be added at any moment without touching the reporting and receiving applications.The ERS Application Program Interface (API) is provided in three programming languages used in the ATLAS online environment: C++, Java and Python. All APIs use exceptions for error reporting but each of them exploits advanced features of a given language to simplify the end-user program writing. For example, as C++ lacks language support for exceptions, a number of macros have been designed to generate hierarchies of C++ exception classes at compile time. Using this approach a software developer can write a single line of code to generate a boilerplate code for a fully qualified C++ exception class declaration with arbitrary number of parameters and multiple constructors, which encapsulates all relevant static information about the given type of issues. When a corresponding error occurs at run time, the program just need to create an instance of that class passing relevant values to one of the available class constructors and send this instance to ERS.This paper presents the original design solutions exploited for the ERS implementation and describes how it was used during the first ATLAS run period. The cross-system error reporting standardization introduced by ERS was one of the key points for the successful implementation of automated mechanisms for online error recovery.

Max–min method to solve fuzzy transshipment problem

This paper deals with fuzzy transshipment problem in which available commodity frequently moves from one source to another source before reaching its actual destination. Here Max – Min method is introduced to find initial feasible solution for the large scale fuzzy transshipment problem.

Introduction: The tourist gaze 4.0: uncovering non-conscious meanings and motivations in the stories tourists tell of trip and destination experiences

This special issue includes unique contributions sharing advanced concepts and tools immediately applicable to building theory that describes and increases understanding of practices in tourist travel and destination experiences. Articles in this special issue focus emic-to-etic reporting on naturalistic drama-enactments that enable tourists as storytellers to experience powerful myths in actual destination settings (also recognising that mythical qualities imbue aspects of both travel and destination sites, e.g., 'The Orient Express (train)' and Machu Picchu, Peru, respectively). Tourists' stories provide intimate tourist travel insights regarding destinations as well as the enactments they engender for tourists. Such insights offer the material for guidelines for productions of 'authentic' tourist-destination relationship engagements. This special issue contributes to developing a comprehensive understanding of non-conscious influence-paths that impact tourist-destination behaviours and experiences.