Actual Cooperation Research Articles

Midwives and doulas in Poland: mutual perceptions in the context of interprofessional cooperation

A doula is an independent professional who provides emotional, physical and informational support to women during pregnancy, labor and the postpartum period. A doula is not medically qualified, but is trained in techniques to provide comfort, relaxation and proper breathing to women in labor during birth. The relationship between doulas and other members of the perinatal care team has an impact on women’s satisfaction and the quality of care provided. The purpose of our study was to analyze the mutual perceptions of the two professional groups and to subjectively assess the actual cooperation between midwives and doulas; Methods: The survey instrument for examining mutual perceptions of midwives and doulas in the context of interprofessional collaboration was a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 13 items containing beliefs about collaboration between doulas and midwives and items describing experiences of collaboration between the groups. A total of 238 women participated in the survey: 165 midwives and 73 doulas. Results: Mutual perceptions of midwives and doulas can be described as positive or neutral. Examination of the experience of collaboration indicates a predominance of positive behavior. In almost all items, the beliefs of doulas and midwives differed significantly from each other showing the different perspectives of the two professional groups. The highest score in both groups was given to the statement Appropriate relationships between midwives and doulas have an impact on the satisfaction of parturients, which means that both doulas and midwives agree with it. Conclusions: There is potential for the dissemination of the doula profession in the Polish health care system. Both professions show more positive or neutral perceptions of each other than negative perceptions, which provides an opportunity to build a satisfying collaboration. The findings underscore the need to reconcile different attitudes in order to foster effective team practice and improve midwifery care outcomes. Training and meetings to learn about roles, competencies and explore each other’s work models provide an opportunity to strengthen this collaboration.

Dissecting through the decade: a 10-year cross-sectional analysis of interprofessional experiences in the anatomy lab

ABSTRACT Interprofessional education (IPE) is prioritized as a critical component in preparing pre-licensure health professional students for effective teamwork and collaboration in the workplace to facilitate patient-centered care. Knowledge in anatomy is fundamental for healthcare professionals, making interprofessional anatomy education an attractive intervention for IPE and anatomy learning. Since 2009, the Education Program in Anatomy at McMaster University has offered an intensive 10-week IPE Anatomy Dissection elective to seven health professional programs annually. From 2011, students were invited to complete the Readiness for Interprofessional Scale (RIPLS) and Interprofessional Education Perception Scale (IEPS) before and after the elective. A total of 264 students from 2011 to 2020 completed RIPLS and IEPS. There were significant differences before and after the elective in students’ total RIPLS scores and three of the four subscales: teamwork and collaboration, positive professional identity, and roles and responsibilities. Similarly, there were statistical differences in the total IEPS scores and two of three subscales: competency and autonomy and perceived actual cooperation. Statistically significant differences in RIPLS and IEPS total scores across several disciplines were also observed. This study demonstrates the elective’s impact in improving students’ IPE perceptions and attitudes, likely from the extended learning and exposure opportunity with other disciplines.

СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО УКРАЇНИ ТА ТУРЕЧЧИНИ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-ТОРГОВЕЛЬНІЙ СФЕРІ

The relevance of the research topic arises from the fact that international military-technical cooperation is an important prerequisite for the ability of modern Ukraine to defend itself against Russian military aggression and to protect the sovereignty and independence of Ukraine. The article presents a retrospective analysis, institutional aspects, and the current state of cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the military-technical sphere. This article aims to assess the priority directions of military-technical cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Turkey in the conditions of the active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war and to identify the directions for developing this cooperation, taking into account the significant potential of the Ukrainian defense industry. This article is based on the statistical and analytical materials in the domestic and foreign specialized literature, data from international organizations, and analytical and expert centers. During the research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping, and systematization, as well as elements of the institutional approach, were used. The research results show that Turkey's status, as one of the most important strategic partners of Ukraine in national security matters, is caused by its long-term support in the military-technical field, assistance in unblocking the maritime export routes for Ukrainian grain in the Black Sea, and the implementation of important humanitarian projects. The list of military goods for actual cooperation such as the production of engines, unmanned combat aircraft, digital communication systems, precision weapons, radar systems, and others has been identified. The potential of further intergovernmental cooperation, which will support the strengthening of the export capacities of both countries in the global arms market, was revealed. It was identified that Ukraine's strategic cooperation with Turkey, as one of the most active players in the modern geopolitical environment, can strengthen the ability of our countries to consolidate international forces in support of its aspirations to protect its independence. Prospects for further research may relate to the disclosure of areas of potential cooperation in the conditions of the post-war revival of the Ukrainian economy, Turkey's support for our country's accession to NATO, and the assessment of opportunities for the formation of production and supply chains through the format of international strategic alliances with the participation of Ukrainian and Turkish companies to promote the latest high-tech weapons models in international markets.

Promoting Competence in Nursing and Pharmacy Interprofessional Collaboration Through Telehealth Simulation.

Competence in interprofessional collaboration is essential for safe patient outcomes. This study examined the impact of an interprofessional telehealth pharmacology simulation on prelicensure nursing and pharmacy students' perceptions of interprofessional roles. A pretest-posttest design was used to compare participants' perceptions of interprofessional roles prior to and following the simulation. Data were collected using the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS). Paired-samples t -tests showed statistically significant increases in scores for both the full IEPS ( n = 99) and two subscales, Competency and Autonomy ( n = 99) and Perception of Actual Cooperation ( n = 99). Nurse educators should provide regular interprofessional experiences to foster learners' competence in interprofessional collaboration and communication.

Implementation of msme empowerment policy in Manado City (Study at the Manado City Cooperative and SME Office)

Empowerment is an effort made by the authorities, regional Governments, the commercial enterprise global, and the community synergistically within the shape of climate boom and enterprise development for Micro, Small and Medium businesses in order that they're able to develop and develop into strong and independent businesses. Efforts to increase MSMEs require actual cooperation among the government, both valuable and local, on the only hand, and the business global and the network on the other. The role of the authorities in this situation is visible in the provision of concrete facilities to MSMEs and of direction also thru the formation of laws and policies that favour MSMEs. The reason of this research is to explain the implementation of MSME empowerment in Manado town and analyse the elements that have an impact on the implementation of MSME empowerment in Manado town. The studies method uses descriptive qualitative with commentary, interview and report collection techniques. The concept utilized by George C Edward III's public coverage implementation on coverage implementation is encouraged by four variables, specifically: (1) verbal exchange, (2) bureaucratic shape, (3) assets, (4) disposition. The influencing factors use Merilee S. Grindle's theory, particularly the policy content material includes the interests of the goal institution, the type of gain, the preferred degree of trade, the vicinity of selection making, implementation, the assets worried. The outcomes of the research on the implementation of MSME empowerment in Manado town show that conversation relations are executed intensively and always, and are supported with the aid of the involvement of stakeholders, non-public and non-governmental organizations and the usage of whatsapp technology media as a way of communique. The formation of an implementing shape and a clean division of duties, and supported by way of human resources and non-human assets, as well as the formation of hierarchical imposing dispositions and tendencies to stakeholders and enthusiastic implementing attitudes in implementing MSME empowerment guidelines.

Academic emotions and attitudes regarding interprofessional collaboration in health care activities: a prospective study among newly arrived physicians participating in a fourteen-week course

BackgroundOne way of facilitating entrance into the Swedish health care system, for newly arrived physicians from outside the European Union/European Economic Area, could be to set up and offer a course aimed to enhance understanding of it. This course was offered to increase insight about clinical practices, interprofessional teamwork and topics such as, Swedish health care laws, culture, and ethics. Acceptance of, and a flexible attitude towards, interprofessional teamwork are important for maintaining both the physician’s professional identity and a high quality of patient care.The aim of this study was to investigate newly arrived physicians’, academic emotions, experience of stress and flow during a fourteen-week course, as well as attitudes to interprofessional collaboration, both before and after.MethodA prospective study was conducted, with participants asked to respond on one questionnaire every course day, by using the Contextual Activity Sampling System methodology. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising ten questions about ongoing activity and in what way they experience, e.g., collaboration, interprofessional teamwork, academic emotions, flow, and stress. Furthermore, the participants were asked to score their attitude towards interprofessional teamwork by using the interdisciplinary education perception scale both before and after the course.ResultsThe total sample comprised 27 qualified physicians, from outside the European Union/European Economic Area. In the interdisciplinary education perception scale category, “perception of actual cooperation¨, the participants had significantly higher scores after the course. Flow and academic emotions were felt mostly during own periods of study, seminars, and lectures. The academic emotions were apathy, anxiety, and boredom. The most frequently experienced academic emotion was apathy. Course participants rated stress highest in connection with the examination.ConclusionThe results show that the course had a positive impact on the participants perception of actual cooperation. It appears that participating in this kind of course was a positive experience for the participants, since they mostly experienced high levels of flow. Collaborating with others was experienced as positive, with participants reporting a high degree of flow in activities during collaboration.

Analysis of International Customs Cooperation Mechanisms and the Promotion of Trade Facilitation Under the Belt and Road Initiative

This article is based on the concept of cooperation in trade facilitation proposed by the Belt and Road Initiative, and demonstrates in detail the importance of customs cooperation in promoting trade facilitation. It provides an analysis of the importance of the connection between the existing legal system of international customs cooperation and the customs cooperation agreements of countries along the Belt and Road. It confirms the positive effect of the current bilateral customs cooperation and China’s practice. Then, based on a series of severe problems encountered in actual cooperation, it explains in detail the reasons why international customs cooperation needs to be updated. Finally, based on the existing problems of international customs cooperation along the Belt and Road, the article elaborates on the status quo of the countries along the route, emphasizes the importance of establishing a reasonable and effective legal operation mechanism and proposes solutions to improve the feasibility of international customs cooperation. Belt and Road Initiative, international customs cooperation, Belt and Road Initiative customs cooperation, trade facilitation

Postulating the impossible? The ideal of Gesamtkunstwerk in interwar avant-garde periodicals and their manifestos

The nineteenth-century principle of Gesamtkunstwerk was inseparably linked to the interwar avant-garde, as indicated in a plethora of manifestos and programmatic writings published in periodicals such as De Stijl, 7 Arts and Blok. The widely postulated interrelation of the arts in the service of social and cultural regeneration, however, did not always prove easy to implement. The social renewal of the Total Work of Art prophesied by avant-garde writers, painters and architects could hardly be achieved. This contribution seeks to answer the question whether the very synthesis of arts too was just an unachievable dream. Based on selected programmatic writings from avant-garde periodicals of Polish, Dutch and Belgian provenance I will analyse the recurring similarities and divergences that characterised various approaches to achieving the Total Work of Art voiced by particular artists. Subsequently I will scrutinise the chronicles of the actual cooperation between artists and architects in order to shed light on the actual application of the Gesamtkunstwerk ideal and the (im)possibility of its implementation.

A mixed methods study to assess perception of interprofessional learning among pre-university students for medicine and dentistry

Interprofessional education (IPE) leads to positive mutual attitudes, better understanding of professional roles in caring for patients.This study was undertaken to assess the perception of interprofessional education of pre-university students even before they enter professional courses.: This is a mixed methods sequential explanatory study design involving sixty-four pre-university students, who were exposed to interprofessional related activity by interacting with medical and dental students on given health scenarios. The interprofessional education and interdisciplinary education perception scale (IEPS) to measure the student’s perception towards IPE. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were calculated. The qualitative analysis was done to further analyse the quantitative data through online interviews.The student’s perception towards competence & autonomy, perceived need for cooperation, perception of actual cooperation and understanding other’s value were significantly higher from somewhat disagree of score 3 (P<0.001). Most foundation year students realized that by learning with various professional students would make them effective member of health care team and promote collaborative practice. : It can be a good idea to sensitize the pre university students to interprofessional education.

State-dependent optimal incentive allocation protocols for cooperation in public goods games on regular networks

Incentives are often used to promote cooperation in a population of competing agents. Furthermore, it is a common method to combine both punishment and reward. However, how to optimally allocate an amount of incentive budget as reward and punishment to enhance cooperation in structured populations is still a challenging task. To address this problem, we here consider evolutionary public goods games on regular networks and assume that a fixed budget of incentives is dynamically allocated to reward cooperators or to punish defectors in a group of players, depending on the actual cooperation level in the population. By means of the pair approximation approach, we derive the dynamical equation for depicting the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation. We then formulate two optimal incentive allocation problems by minimizing the payoff difference between defectors and cooperators and maximizing the gradient of selection, respectively. We theoretically derive the optimal incentive allocation protocols for the two objective functions we considered. We find that the obtained protocols both depend sensitively on the efficiency ratio of reward to punishment. In addition, we provide numerical calculations to verify our theoretical results.

Meh, whatever: The effects of indifference expressions on cooperation in social conflict.

Conflicts are inherently emotional, yet parties in conflict may choose to explicitly express indifference. It is unclear, however, whether this represents an effective strategy. Drawing on emotions as social information (EASI) theory, we examined the interpersonal effects of indifference expressions in conflict and the processes that underlie these effects. Study 1 indicated that people believe indifference expressions constitute a neutral emotional signal. However, Study 2 demonstrated experimentally that counterparts' indifference expressions reduce focal negotiators' cooperative intentions through both affective (negative affective reactions) and inferential (decreased expected collaboration) processes when compared to negative (anger, contempt), positive (hope), and neutral (no emotion) expressions. Study 3 revealed negative effects of indifference (vs. neutral) expressions on cooperative intentions, expected collaboration, and heart rate variability as a physiological indicator of affective responding. Results further showed an indirect effect through expected collaboration, but not through affective reactions. Study 4 established the negative effects of indifference expressions on a behavioral measure of cooperation through expected collaboration. Studies 5 and 6 (preregistered) demonstrated that the impact of indifference expressions on cooperative intentions (Study 5) and actual cooperation (Study 6) via counterpart's expected collaboration is reduced when a counterpart explicitly indicates cooperative intentions, reducing the diagnostic value of indifference expressions. Across studies (N = 2,447), multiple expressive modalities of indifference were used, including verbal and nonverbal expressions. Findings demonstrate that explicit expressions of indifference have qualitatively different interpersonal effects than other emotional expressions, including neutral expressions, and cast doubt on the effectiveness of expressing indifference in negotiating social conflict. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Could the Arctic Be a New Field of Advocacy for Hungary?

Climate change is driving the discovery of more and more minerals hidden in the Arctic, for which the initial stage of the struggle is already underway. As this process intensifies, so the number of countries interested in the region is expanding. Hungary cannot be left out of this process, but the articulation of Hungarian interests is still in its infancy. The paper examines how the Arctic region is currently reflected in Hungarian strategic documents and how actual cooperation with the Arctic states is developing. Finally, the paper outlines the elements on which Hungarian interests and actions concerning the Arctic can be built in the future.

Gaps in pharmaceutical care for patients with mental health issues: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundMental health issues such as depression and anxiety are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Medications are a primary method of managing mental health problems, and pharmacists therefore have a vital role in supporting patients and providing them with information about the safety and efficacy of mental health medications. However, the potential role of pharmacists in managing mental health issues in Jordan has not been well established.AimThis study aimed to assess Jordanian pharmacists’ attitudes and actual practices related to the provision of mental health services.MethodThis was an exploratory cross-sectional study that used a self-report questionnaire among a convenience sample of 347 pharmacists in Amman, the capital of Jordan.ResultsThe participating pharmacists had positive attitudes towards providing care for patients with mental health problems. However, their actual practices did not resonate with their enthusiasm, particularly in terms of the long-term follow-up of disease symptoms and medication side effects and adherence. The participating pharmacists showed an eagerness to collaborate with their colleagues, but their level of actual cooperation was lower than desired. The most reported barrier to providing care for patients with mental health problems was the lack of education on mental health issues (71.5%), followed by the lack of privacy in pharmacy settings (53.9%).ConclusionTo be effectively involved in the provision of care to mental health patients, pharmacists should receive adequate education/training related to mental health issues, and pharmacies should be redesigned to provide private areas for patient counseling.

Interprofessional Education Towards Interprofessional Practice: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Respiratory Care Students and Therapists’ Perceptions

Background: Respiratory care (RC) is a healthcare discipline that specializes in providing treatment for patients with acute and chronic cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Today, RC possesses a solid skill base and an expansive depth of knowledge, enabling them to provide safe, team-based, evidence-based effective care for patients. This study explores perceptions of RC students (RCS), RC faculty (RCF), and RC professionals (RCP) regarding Interprofessional Education (IPE) and Interprofessional Practice (IPP). Additionally, it identifies factors that affect perceptions of knowledge, skills, and abilities related to IPE and IPP among RCS, RCF, and RCP.
 Methods: A mixed method (embedded) design was used. An online email survey questionnaire was emailed to the program directors to distribute it among their students, alumni, and faculty. The total of 421 program directors were reached via email. Three hundred forty-five surveys were returned, with 208 surveys eligible for analysis.
 Results: The findings showed a significant main effect of professional status on the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) overall score regardless of the IPE exposure. However, there was no significant difference in the average score on the competency and autonomy, perceived need for cooperation, or perception of actual cooperation. Qualitatively, it was revealed that simulation was the most useful IPE experience for promoting IPP. Additional factors such as time, attitude, experiences, cooperation, and cost were believed to affect the infusion of IPE into the academic environment.
 Conclusion: Regardless of the status of RCS and RCPs exposure to IPE during their professional education, all perceived IPE as positively supporting IPP. Qualitatively, for those directly exposed to IPE, simulation was identified as the most useful IPE experience for promoting IPP.
 Recommendations: IPE should be continued implemented as a strategy for the promotion of IPP, as well as the necessity for further documentation and assessment of the IPE techniques used in the academy to guarantee learning outcome accountability.

How Do Disasters Change Intergroup Perceptions?: Evidence from the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake

This study investigates whether and how natural disasters affect intergroup perceptions, particularly focusing on subjective expectations for dependability on other groups in emergencies. We conduct a household survey in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has experienced religious conflicts and was heavily hit by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Our estimation results from the survey data indicate that individuals who suffered from the earthquake exhibit higher expectations for access to emergency support from other religious groups in the future. As a possible mechanism of this change, we show that the direct and indirect experience of actual cooperation between groups after the earthquake contribute to the higher expectations of sufferers. We also find heterogeneity in the effect of the earthquake on intergroup perception, depending on, for example, the types of damage and past experiences.

Pre-University Health Professional Students' Readiness and Perception Toward Interprofessional Education.

Background:Interprofessional education (IPE) helps preparing the learners in all healthcare professions to work effectively in collaborative teams. This study was undertaken to assess the readiness and perception of IPE of preuniversity health professional students even before they enter their health professional courses.Methods:The preuniversity health professional students along with final-year medical and dental students were recruited for the study. The readiness for interprofessional learning scale was used to measure the student's readiness toward IPE before the interprofessional-related activity session. The preuniversity students also completed the IEPS scale after their interaction with final-year medical and dental students.Results:Most of the aspiring health professional students during their foundation year expressed positive attitude toward readiness for IPE. Most preuniversity students realized that by learning with various professional students would make them effective member of healthcare team. The students had positive perception toward competence and autonomy, perceived need for cooperation, perception of actual cooperation, and understanding other's value, which were significantly higher from score 3 of somewhat disagree (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Most of the aspiring health professional students in their preuniversity year expressed positive attitude toward readiness for IPE although were not prepared to take roles and responsibility within the interprofessional group. They could well perceive the need for cooperation, perception of actual cooperation, and understanding other's value while working in an IP team.

Отражение идеи об инновационном развитии российской экономики в общественном дискурсе

The discourse of innovative development has gained currency over the past decade in Russia as governmental agencies have been putting considerable effort into promoting narratives about the role of innovation in the national economy. In contrast with the post-Soviet period of the 1990s and 2000s, the 2010s in Russia have seen a shift in the public discourse as more significance started to be attached to university-business-government partnership. The study uses the empirical data collected from Integrum, an archive of mass-media sources from Russia and other ex-Soviet countries, over a 10-year period (from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2021). Methodologically, the study relies on methods of applied narrative analysis. The study identifies five key narratives of innovative development propagated by governmental agencies and the Russian academia. Advances in science and technology were among the key priorities set by Russia’s National Security Strategy, a milestone document adopted in 2015. The government saw university-business-government partnership as the best way of ensuring innovative development. However, members of the academia as well as governmental officials themselves admitted the lack of actual cooperation and effective dialogue between business and universities. Moreover, scientists emphasized the need for more academic freedom and criticized the government for excessive control (including financial matters), which led them to underestimate the role of the state in innovative development.

Effectiveness of an Interprofessional Education Model to Influence Students' Perceptions on Interdisciplinary Work.

To prepare students adequately for the workplace, training on interprofessional practice should be included in the curricula of future health professionals. This study evaluated the effect of an interprofessional education session on undergraduate students' attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration. A total of 225 medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, and nutrition and dietetics students were randomized to either an intervention (working together interprofessionally, n = 111) or control group (working together with their own profession, n = 114). Pre- and posttest assessment was performed with an adapted version of the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale. A statistically significant improvement in attitude for Perception of Competence Own Profession (0.82, p = .008) and Perception of Actual Cooperation (1.10, p = .004) was found for students in the intervention group compared with students in the control group. Interprofessional education sessions were likely to be effective on undergraduate students' attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration. [J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(9):494-499.].

STUDENTS PERCEPTION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Background: Collaboration between health professionals is needed to improve health services. The collaboration can be applied to the education system through the Interprofessional Education (IPE) concept. This study aimed to examine students’ perception on the IPE implementation.Methods: This was a descriptive study using cross-sectional method. The study sample were 300 undergraduate students in Medical Faculty Andalas University (MFAU). It consisted of 190 medical students, 72 psychology students, and 38 midwifery students. The sample was determined by proportionate stratified random sampling method. The research instrument used was Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) questionnaire.Results: The 252 students (84%) showed positive perception on IPE implementation. The highest percentage (90%) of the component of perception was actual cooperation and the component of understanding of others’ profession had the lowest percentage (51%). Midwifery students had the highest percentage of perception (92.1%), while the lowest percentage of perception was showed by psychology students (72.2%). The perception tended to increase in perception from first-year (85.7%) to second-year (89.9%) and declined in third-year students (76%).Conclusion: Students of MFAU having a good perception on the IPE implementation. However, there is a lack of understanding of others’ profession that needs to be addressed and improved.

Nematicity and superconductivity: Competition versus cooperation

Electronic nematic behavior has been identified and studied in iron-based superconductors for some time, particularly in the well-known BaFe$_2$As$_2$ system, where it is well-known to compete with superconductivity. On the other hand, it has been shown recently that FeSe displays a negligible effect of nematicity on superconductivity near the superconducting transition, and actual cooperation between the two orders when the system is doped with S. Recently it has also been proposed that LiFeAs undergoes a nematic transition in the superconducting state itself. Generally, we expect superconductivity to be anisotropic when it coexists with nematic order, but it is not clear under what circumstances the two orders compete or cooperate, nor how the anisotropy of the superconducting state correlates with that in the nematic state. To address this, we study a simple mean field model of a $d$-wave Pomeranchuk instability together with a mixed $s,d$ pairing interaction, and identify when nematicity is enhanced or suppressed by superconductivity. We show that the competition or cooperation depends significantly on the distortion of the Fermi surface due to nematicity relative to the anisotropy of the superconducting gap function. Further, we discuss the implications of our results for FeSe and LiFeAs.