Actual BMI Research Articles

Developing body estimation in adolescence is associated with neural regions that support self-concept.

Both self-concept, the evaluation of who you are, and the physical body undergo changes throughout adolescence. These two processes might affect the development of body image, a complex construct that comprises one's thoughts, feelings, and perception of one's body. This study aims to better understand the development of body image in relation to self-concept development and its neural correlates. Adolescents (aged 11-24) from the longitudinal Leiden Self-Concept study were followed for three consecutive years (NT1 = 160, NT2 = 151, and NT3 = 144). Their body image was measured using a figure rating scale and body dissatisfaction questionnaire. Body estimation was calculated based on figure ratings relative to their actual body mass index (BMI). Additionally, participants evaluated their physical appearance traits in an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task. Results revealed that body estimation and body dissatisfaction increased with age. Heightened inferior parietal lobe (IPL) activation during physical self-evaluation was associated with lower body estimation, meaning that the neural network involved in thinking about one's physical traits is more active for individuals who perceive themselves as larger than they are. IPL activity showed continued development during adolescence, suggesting an interaction between neural development and body perception. These findings highlight the complex interplay between affective, perceptual, and biological factors in shaping body image.

Body Weight Perception and its Relationship with Anthropometric Indices of Undergraduate Students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate body weight perception and its relationship with anthropometric indices and blood glucose of undergraduate students in Port Harcourt. Methodology: The study involved a total of 600 undergraduate students aged 18-35 years (including 249 males and 351 females). Body weight perception was assessed using a structured questionnaire. The anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist, hip and shoulder circumference and foot length) of each subject were measured using standard methods while the ratios were calculated. Findings: The average BMI of undergraduates was 23.66�±0.13kg/m2. There was no significant gender difference in BMI, hip circumference and foot length. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly higher in males while waist-to-height ratio was significantly higher in females. There was significant correlation between BMI and hip circumference, shoulder circumference and waist circumference but no significant correlation exists between BMI and foot length. The incidence of obesity amongst undergraduates in Port Harcourt was as low as 3.3% using the measured BMI even when only 1.5% admitted being obese. The actual BMI classified overweight was 25.7% as against perceived overweight of 19.8%. Only 56.3% perceived themselves to be within the normal weight whereas up to 67.5% were actually normal weight. The incidence of underweight was 3.5% but as many as 22.3% of undergraduates perceived they were underweight. Unique Contribution of Theory, Practice and Policy: Waist-to-height ratio therefore was more useful in assessing abdominal size in females while waist-to-hip ratio was more useful in assessing abdominal size in young adult males. Amongst the anthropometric indices, foot length was a poor tool in assessing body weight.

Age and gender differences in misperceptions of body shape in a Taiwanese population

ObjectivesMost studies of body size perception have been performed in adolescents, and most focus on gender differences in accurate perception of body size. This study investigated misperceptions of body sizes among males and females at different stages of adulthood in Taiwan.DesignsIn-person home interviews were used to proportionally and randomly select 2095 adult men and women to answer the East Asian Social Survey. Participants were divided into 18–39, 40–64, and 65 + age groups. The main variables analyzed were self-perceived body size and standardized BMI.ResultsWomen, unlike men, were more likely to misperceive their body size as being overweight (OR = 2.92; p < .001). People with higher self-perceived social status were less likely to misperceive themselves as overweight (OR = 0.91; p = .01). People with college educations were 2.35 times more likely to overestimate their body size as being heavier than they were (p < .001) and less likely to underestimate it as being thinner than they were (OR = 0.45; p < .001). Women 18–35 and 36–64 years old were 6.96 and 4.31 times more likely (p < .001) to misperceive themselves as being overweight than women 65 or older, who were more likely to misperceive themselves as being too thin. There were no significant differences in body size misperceptions among the three age groups of adult men (p > .05). We found no different significant discrepancies between self-perceived body size and actual BMI between the older men and women (p = .16). However, younger and middle-aged men were 6.67 and 3.1 times more likely to misperceive themselves as being too thin than women in their same age groups (OR = 0.15 and OR = 0.32, respectively).ConclusionsAge and gender affect self-perceptions of body size in Taiwan. Overall, women are more likely than men to misperceive themselves as being too big, and men are more likely than women to misperceive themselves as too thin. Older women, however, were more likely to misperceive themselves as being too thin. Clinicians and health educators should know that people’s perceptions and concerns regarding their body size vary by age and gender.

Metabolomic phenotyping of obesity for profiling cardiovascular and ocular diseases

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the impacts of metabolomic body mass index (metBMI) phenotypes on the risks of cardiovascular and ocular diseases outcomes.MethodsThis study included cohorts in UK and Guangzhou, China. By leveraging the serum metabolome and BMI data from UK Biobank, this study developed and validated a metBMI prediction model using a ridge regression model among 89,830 participants based on 249 metabolites. Five obesity phenotypes were obtained by metBMI and actual BMI (actBMI): normal weight (NW, metBMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (OW, metBMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2), obesity (OB, metBMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), overestimated (OE, metBMI-actBMI > 5 kg/m2), and underestimated (UE, metBMI-actBMI < − 5 kg/m2). Additional participants from the Guangzhou Diabetes Eye Study (GDES) were included for validating the hypothesis. Outcomes included all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD)-cause mortality, as well as incident CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction [MI], and stroke) and age-related eye diseases (age-related macular degeneration [AMD], cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy [DR]). ResultsIn the UKB, although OE group had lower actBMI than NW group, the OE group had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality than those in NW prediction group (HR, 1.68; 95% CI 1.16–2.43). Similarly, the OE group had a 1.7–3.6-fold higher risk than their NW counterparts for cardiovascular mortality, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease (all P < 0.05). In addition, risk of age-related macular denegation (HR, 1.96; 95% CI 1.02–3.77) was significantly higher in OE group. In the contrast, UE and OB groups showed similar risks of mortality and of cardiovascular and age-related eye diseases (all P > 0.05), though the UE group had significantly higher actBMI than OB group. In the GDES cohort, we further confirmed the potential of metabolic BMI (metBMI) fingerprints for risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases using a different metabolomic approach.ConclusionsGaps of metBMI and actBMI identified novel metabolic subtypes, which exhibit distinctive cardiovascular and ocular risk profiles. The groups carrying obesity-related metabolites were at higher risk of mortality and morbidity than those with normal health metabolites. Metabolomics allowed for leveraging the future of diagnosis and management of ‘healthily obese’ and ‘unhealthily lean’ individuals.

P-072 INCIDENCE OF TROCAR SITE HERNIA AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC BARIATRIC SURGERY, A LONG TERM FOLLOW UP

Abstract Aim Given the increased use of laparoscopic surgery, the possible complications associated with it must be considered. Trocar site hernias (TSH) are one of them, being more frequent in obese patients. With this study we want to know the importance of the problem and evaluate our own results. Methods We made an observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery with 12mm bladeless trocars without fascial closure between January 2015 and July 2016. They were interrogated about symptoms and postoperative infection in the ports, and an abdominal wall ultrasound were performed by an expert radiologist in December 2022. Results 45 patients were included. The average age was 49.9 years-old (77.8% women) with a mean initial BMI of 45.5kg/m2 and actual BMI of 30.2 kg/m2. Among risk factors we found 31.1% of smokers, 46.7% of diabetes and 64.4% of respiratory pathology. The main surgery was gastric bypass (88.9%). 7 patients presented TSH (15.6%) and 6 patients presented symptomatology in any trocar site (13.3%), although only 2 (4.4%) showed hernia ecographically at the symptomatic port. We studied 189 ports and detected a 3.7% TSH in the control echography 6–7 years after surgery, all of them in the epigastric trocar. Conclusions The incidence of TSH after bariatric surgery with 12mm bladeless trocars is low considering patient´s characteristics. All the THS were in the midline port, which raises the possibility of systematic closure, change its position or contemplate this low incidence as acceptable considering its difficulty of closing.

Weight self-perception and weight loss attempts in Chinese cardiovascular patients and non-cardiovascular patients: evidence from a population-based study

BackgroundWeight loss is a significant improvement for individuals with overweight or obesity, especially for cardiovascular patients. The driving effects of weight self-perception and attempts to lose weight are vital in weight management, yet weight misperception is a direct culprit for the undesirability of weight control and obesity prevention. This study aimed to investigate weight self-perception and misperception and weight loss attempts in Chinese adults, especially among cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular patients.MethodsWe collected data from China HeartRescue Global Evaluation Baseline Household Survey 2015. Questionnaires were used to assess self-reported weight and cardiovascular patients. We used kappa statistics to check the consistency between weight self-perception and BMI. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify risk factors associated with weight misperception.ResultsA total of 2690 participants were enrolled in the household survey, while 157 respondents were cardiovascular patients. According to questionnaire results, 43.3% of cardiovascular patients thought they were overweight and obese, while the percentage is 35.3% among non-cardiovascular patients. Kappa statistics indicated higher consistency of self-reported weight and actual weight among cardiovascular patients. Multivariate analysis showed weight misperception was significantly associated with gender, education level, and actual BMI. Lastly, 34.5% of non-cardiovascular patients and 35.0% of cardiovascular patients were trying to lose weight or keep weight. The majority of these people adopted combined strategies of controlling diet and exercise to lose or maintain weight.ConclusionsWeight misperception was highly prevalent among cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular patients. Obese respondents, women, and individuals with lower education levels were more vulnerable to make weight misperception. However, no difference in the purpose of weight loss attempts was indicated among cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular patients.

Nutritional status evaluation in critical care: A study of clinical practices

Background & aimsMalnutrition is a common consequence in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the current clinical practices concerning nutritional screening and assessment in multiple Tunisian intensive care units. MethodsThe study was conducted through a survey. It was intended for all intensivists: certified specialists and residents. The content of the questionnaire was guided by literature review and latest Clinical Practice Guidelines. ResultsThis study involved 105 physicians. Concerning the nutritional status screening: the clinical history and disease related effects were considered by 70% of physicians and weight changes were considered in 60%. Screening a recent and unintentional weight loss before hospital or ICU admission was done by 90% of intensivists. While only 45% screened the reduced dietary intake. Physical signs of malnutrition (loss of subcutaneous fat or muscle mass, oedema, ascite) were assessed by 52% of respondents. Using scores to evaluate the risk of malnutrition was considered by 26% of physicians. Weight evaluation based on actual body weight and BMI calculation were practiced by 59% of respondents. In order to evaluate the energy expenditure, indirect calorimetry (IC) was performed in 20% and predictive equations were used in 27%. Only 7% of respondents used VO2/VCO2 (VO2 (oxygen consumption) from pulmonary arterial catheter or VCO2 (carbon dioxide production) derived from the ventilator) measurement method. Over the half of the respondents (54%) had fixed a caloric target of 20 to 25 Kcal/day. Whereas, 16% of respondents reported that they did not consider the correct optimal calorie target. Albumin was prescribed by the majority of respondents (99%) to assess the nutritional state. Other biochemical parameters as Prealbumin and Transferrin were only known and prescribed in 8% and 7% respectively. ConclusionResults have shown that physicians responded differently regarding nutritional evaluation and that they were globally not sensibilized by the importance of this step. We highlight the necessity of an appropriate nutrition screening and assessment that will set the basis of an effective nutritional management.

The Interaction Effects of Age and Body Size on Body Appreciation and Health- Related Behaviors.

Whilst the associations among age, body size, body (dis)satisfaction, and weight management behavior have been well documented, there is little research on how the combination of age and body size is related to body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study is to identify the associations of age, body size, and their interactions with body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions among Korean women. A cross-sectional research design was adopted with a convenience sampling method. Using an online survey questionnaire, complete data on body appreciation, health-related behavioral intentions, body size, height, weight, and age were collected from 531 Korean adult women aged 20-77 years. Using average scores for each variable, a series of hierarchical regression analyses were performed to identify the relative contributions of predictor variables on each criterion variable. The significant interaction terms were further examined using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Overall, older Korean women were found to be more likely to have a positive body image and lower levels of behavioral intentions towards striving for a healthy body than younger women. This study confirmed the relative contribution of subjective body size in explaining women's body-related perceptions and behaviors, as compared to their actual BMI.

SCL-90 empirical factors predict post-surgery weight loss in bariatric patients over longer time periods

PurposeThis longitudinal study examined how pre-intervention psychological health helps predict bariatric surgery (BS) success as percentage of expected body mass index loss (%EBMIL) over shorter to longer periods.MethodsAdult candidates for BS (N = 334, 67.4% females) completed the Symptoms Checklist 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire; on average, 11 months occurred between the pre-surgery psychological evaluations and the bariatric intervention. We explored the factor structure of the SCL-90 items and inspected how SCL-90 empirical factors compared with SCL-90 scales and general indices predicted %EBMIL at 3–6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up occasions, adjusting for gender, pre-intervention use of antidepressants and actual and ideal BMIs.ResultsFactor analysis combined the 90 items into 8 factors, which partially replicated the expected item structure. The SCL-90 empirical factors (but not the SCL-90 scales and indices) contributed to predict BS success. In fact, the Relational Distress factor directly protected from weight regain at 1-year follow-up, indirectly via 1-year %EBMIL at the 2-year follow-up, when it further strengthened the impact of the empirical factor of Generalized Anxiety on the 2-year BS outcome. The results also evidenced a cascade effect of the pre-surgery actual BMI across time as well as unique and direct effects of pre-surgery use of antidepressants and perceived ideal BMI on the 2-year outcome.ConclusionsSCL-90 empirical factor scores for obese patients are more efficient in anticipating BS success compared with original scale scores. They reveal that relational distress and anxiety are risk factors for postoperative weight loss, in addition to pre-intervention actual BMI, antidepressant therapy, and perceived ideal BMI.Level of evidenceIII, well-designed cohort.

Obesity in Polish Children and Parents' Perception of Their Children's Weight Status: The Results of the SOPKARD-Junior Study.

One way to counteract the spread of obesity in children is its early recognition by parents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether parents’ perception of their children’s BMI category was consistent with their actual BMI assessment and to determine potential influential factors. The study was conducted as part of the “A program for the early detection of risk factors for lifestyle diseases SOPKARD-Junior” (SOPKARD-Junior), a preventive health program implemented in public elementary schools from 2017 to 2019. The results from 381 children with a mean age of 11.67 (SD = 1.52) were analyzed. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Surveys were conducted to assess parents’ perceptions of their child’s weight, along with their sociodemographic status. Nearly one in three parents were unable to correctly identify their children’s weight; 25.0% underestimated it, and 6.0% overestimated it. Underestimation was observed along with an increase in the children’s BMI weight category, with as many as 57.1% of parents of obese children misclassifying their weight. The child’s BMI was the only significant predictor of incorrect assessment. Polish parents cannot properly assess their children’s BMI, especially when their child is overweight or obese. In children, weight and height measurements should be taken regularly, rather than allowing weight category to be dependent upon parental weight assessments.

Obesity in Indonesian and Taiwanese Adolescents Related to Self Perception, Diet, Exercise, and Body Image

Obesity prevalence in Asia was raising. Self-perception became an increasingly determinant predictor of a healthier lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-perception and actual BMI among Indonesian and Taiwanese teenagers. This research was cross sectional and using participatory sampling of 415 participants from 6 high schools in Indonesia, and 717 participants from 7 high schools in Taiwan. The data was taken by enumerator using the Obesity Impact on the Quality of Life Perception Questionnaire (ObI-Q) and the Projective Test. Self-perception was statistically associated with actual BMI which state that obesity might be treated by hospital, clinics, or specialist (p0.001). Self-perception was also related to degenerative disease (p = 0.003) and social life (p = 0.04). Self-perception about sports stated that obese people could be as good as normal people (p=0.11). Most teenagers had the correct perception regarding ideal body image (p=0.04). The multivariable analysis showed that teenagers who did not have self-perception of desire to lose weight were 6.37 times more likely to have overweight than teenagers who had self-perception of desire to lose weight. Self-perception of desire to lose weight was a variable with major contribution to actual BMI among teenagers.

Metabolome-Defined Obesity and the Risk of Future Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality.

Obesity is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes; however, up to 20% of patients are normal weight. Our aim was to identify metabolite patterns reproducibly predictive of BMI and subsequently to test whether lean individuals who carry an obese metabolome are at hidden high risk of obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Levels of 108 metabolites were measured in plasma samples of 7,663 individuals from two Swedish and one Italian population-based cohort. Ridge regression was used to predict BMI using the metabolites. Individuals with a predicted BMI either >5 kg/m2 higher (overestimated) or lower (underestimated) than their actual BMI were characterized as outliers and further investigated for obesity-related risk factors and future risk of type 2 diabetes and mortality. The metabolome could predict BMI in all cohorts (r2 = 0.48, 0.26, and 0.19). The overestimated group had a BMI similar to individuals correctly predicted as normal weight, had a similar waist circumference, were not more likely to change weight over time, but had a two times higher risk of future type 2 diabetes and an 80% increased risk of all-cause mortality. These associations remained after adjustments for obesity-related risk factors and lifestyle parameters. We found that lean individuals with an obesity-related metabolome have an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality compared with lean individuals with a healthy metabolome. Metabolomics may be used to identify hidden high-risk individuals to initiate lifestyle and pharmacological interventions.

Lean Body Mass and Self-Perceived Body Image among Youth in the United Arab Emirates.

Background and Aim:Lean body mass may be a promising tool to screen body image disorders. This study aim was to explore the relationships between fat free mass index (FFM-I) on self-perceived body image and shape among university students in the United Arab Emirates.Methods:Cross-sectional study, using questionnaires to evaluate demographics, body figure, shape and image dissatisfaction; in addition to anthropometrics like BMI and FFM-I. Accordingly, participants were categorized into adequate muscle mass (AMM) and low muscle mass (LMM) individuals.Results:A total of 402 participants (50.4% females) aged between 18 and 25 years, were recruited. Almost third (33.8%) of the participants were overweight/obese, 81% had AMM; 48.5% and 76.3% of them were concerned about their body shape and image, respectively; 55.2% desired to be thinner. Males (M) had significantly higher BMI and body fat compared to females (F). Subjects with LMM, irrespective of sex, were underweight (49% F; 40.7% M), desired to be heavier (44.9% F; 74.1% M) and they had a lower agreement in their perceived BMI versus actual (k=0.024; poor) compared with those with AMM (k=0.408; fair); and in general males had a better agreement between their perceived and actual BMI compared to females (0.432, moderate vs. 0.308, fair).Conclusions:Our results conclude that female sex and LMM were associated with higher body image and shape dissatisfaction; thus, highlighting the importance of increasing awareness among youth to assess body composition and engage in muscle mass building activities as an effective step towards improving body image perception. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Factors Related to the Weight Control Practices of Korean Adults.

BackgroundMaintenance of proper weight can help protect against chronic diseases. This study investigated the weight control practices of Korean adults and associated factors.MethodsSecondary data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018 were analyzed. Subjects were aged 21 to 80 years (n=14,661). The influences of socio-demographic characteristics, health status, health behaviors, and perception of body image on weight control efforts were identified.ResultsWomen (odds ratio [OR], 1.191; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.723–2.210), city dwellers (OR, 1.229; 95% CI, 1.097–1.377), those who had a middle school or higher level of education (OR, from 1.281 to 1.525), individuals who perceived themselves to be healthy or in fairly health (OR, from 1.103 to 1.257), those with high blood pressure (OR, 1.244; 95% CI, 1.104–1.401), normal or obese body mass index (BMI; OR from 2.579 to 4.430), non-smokers (OR, 1.373; 95% CI, 1.192–1.582), and those who drank alcohol (OR, 1.174; 95% CI, 1.057–1.305) made more weight loss efforts than other individuals. Regardless of actual BMI, if someone perceived themselves to be obese or normal weight (OR, from 4.324 to 10.884), they made more effort to reduce their weight than those individuals who perceived themselves to be underweight.ConclusionWeight control is a positive behavior for people with high BMI. However, those individuals with a normal weight who believe they are obese may require further education. It is also necessary to monitor and address the lack of weight control efforts in rural residents and that there is a need for weight control counseling and support for people with high blood pressure and diabetes. Various related causes should be considered and community-wide efforts be made to support people who need weight control.

Between perception and reality: BMI in adolescence

Adolescence is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, which involves a transformation of the body. It is in this exact period of time that one's body image starts to develop. Body image is influenced by social, psychological and emotional factors through interaction with peers, parents and the mass media. In the adolescent this causes a constant comparison between their own body and the ideal one, resulting in developing an idea of self which may lead to a sense of dissatisfaction with their own physical form. Such behaviour, in serious cases, may interfere with the everyday life of the individual. The following observational, descriptive, retrospective and multicenter study was created with the aim to describe the reality of adolescents regarding BMI, this by examining a sample consisting of 422 students in total, whom 266 were males and 156 were females, aged between 17 and 19 years. The students were given a paper questionnaire from which we later obtained the following data: gender Q1, age Q2, height Q3, body weight Q4 and perception of their BMI Q5. The significance of the observed and calculated data was evaluated by the Pearson chi-square test, and a p-value &lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The statistical processing of the data allowed us to respond to the first objective of the study, namely to observe the BMI perceived by each individual student and the actual BMI. The second objective was to examine the altered perception of BMI, if overestimated or underestimated. Finally, the third objective was to analyse the distribution of actual and perceived BMI among the male and female population in relation to their age.

Understanding body image perception and body image discontentment in early adolescence

Background: The mounting trends of beauty perceptions have contributed to distorted body image among adolescents. This demands understanding about current pointers of body image satisfaction to prevent eating disorders associated with mismanagement of weight in adolescents. Aim &amp; Objective: The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to apprehend body image perception and dissatisfaction among adolescents (12-14years) across the genders and associate it with their actual BMI along with identifying the factors influencing body image perception. Settings and Design: A structured questionnaire was developed and administered on randomly selected 112 adolescents (68% boys &amp; 34% girls, 12-14 years), mean age=12.8 ±0.45 from urban coeducational school of western India. Anthropometric measurements were taken with standardized tools and BMI z-scores were calculated. The actual and perceived weight was compared using paired t-test and descriptive statistics. Association between body image indicators, gender, and BMI were assessed using Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA. Factor analysis was done by Principal component analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in the perceived (M=2.31, SD=0.93) and actual BMI (M=1.96, SD=0.69), p=0.002. A significant association between gender and the influence of media idols, discrimination due to physical appearance and BMI was observed (p≤.0.005). Self-perception and judgements of others, behaviors related with self-fixation, social influence and inappropriate dietary practices and comparison with models and actors were the emerging factors identified. Conclusion: The body image perception was distorted among adolescents of both sexes, with higher body image discontent shown by girls. The perceived body image, when compared with their BMI was found to be incongruent across sexes.

Validity of Recreational Marathon Runners' Self-Reported Anthropometric Data.

While studies on large samples of recreational runners have often relied on participants' self-reported height and body mass, the validity of these data have not been investigated for this population. Hence, this study sought to examine the validity of self-reported anthropometric measures among recreational marathon runners. Female (n = 32) and male (n = 135) recreational marathon runners were requested to estimate their body mass and height (and we calculated their self-reported body mass index [BMI]), after which we took actual measures of their body mass and height and calculated their actual BMI. Participants' self-reported values underestimated their actual body mass by 0.65 kg (p < .001, η2 = 0.222) and their actual BMI by 0.35 kg ⋅ m-2 (p < .001, η2 = 0.245). There was a significant Assessment Method × Sex Interaction for both body mass (p = .019, η2 = 0.033) and BMI (p = .017, η2 = 0.034), as women underestimated body mass values more than men. Participants overestimated their height by 0.44 cm (p < .001, η2 = 0.075), but the interaction of sex and assessment method for height was not statistically significant. Underestimates of body mass correlated with marathon racing speed (r = .24, p = .006) and body fat percentage (r = -.29, p = .001) in men, but not in women (p > .05). The disagreement between self-reported and measured anthropometric data in the present sample was lower than has been previously reported for the general population, suggesting that marathon runners may more accurately self-perceive and/or report their anthropometric characteristics. These findings are of practical value for health professionals and researchers (e.g., nutritionists and exercise physiologists) questionnaires to recreational marathon runners.

Maternal Perception of School-age Children's Weight in Piedras Negras, Coahuila: A Pilot Study

Aim: To analyze mother’s perception of children’s weight and its relationship with sex, age, schooling level, weight, and perimeters of hip and waist, as well as concordance analysis between mother’s perception of BMI categories and actual BMI categories and the evaluation of body size satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including all students from fourth to sixth grades in an elementary school. Anthropometric measurements as weight and high were taken. Body mass index percentiles and actual weight categories were obtained. To evaluate perception of body image the CBIS template was used. Descriptive and inferential analysis of results, were performed. Results: A total of 164 children were studied being women 53.7 percent. Maternal perception of children’s body weight showed high magnitude of perceived children in normal weight. Significant difference was found between maternal perception of children's weight and the variable of sex. Concordance between mother’s perception of BMI and actual BMI was of 0.45 and 0.37 for girls and 0.53 for boys. Body size satisfaction perceived by mothers was high and occurred mainly at expenses of the perception of children’s normal weight. Discussion: The results suggest that mothers tend to classified correctly children’s body weight regarding the category of normal weight and perceived in higher proportion overweight among girls and obesity among boys. Frequency of body size satisfaction perceived by mothers was high and occurred mainly at expenses of normal weight. Mothers underestimate their children’s weight in cases of overweight and obesity and overestimate those with low weight.

Comparison of Actual with Estimated Weight and Height in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria

Sickle cell disorders are the most common genetic disorders worldwide as well as in Nigeria. The weight and height are the most used anthropometric measurements in paediatric practice for the calculation of many parameters. The objective is to determine the reliability of weight and height estimates among children with sickle cell anaemia compared with measured weight and height. A random sample of SCA children aged eight months to 12 years was studied. Height and weight were measured using standard methods, while BMI was estimated using kg/m2. These were compared with estimated weight, height and BMI. Five subjects were adjudged obese using estimated BMI: three of these five subjects were identified as obese using actual BMI. Regression analysis showed that there appears to be more positive linear relationship for weight and length/height among children aged 1– 6 years. The measured mean weight and BMI were significantly lower than the estimated mean values. The overall mean of estimated length/height did not differ significantly from overall mean of the actual length/height. In comparison with the actual BMI, the estimated BMI did not identify any of the subjects with either thinness or overweight while children with obesity were over-estimated. The formula methods of estimating weights and heights for the various ages in children with sickle cell anaemia are over-estimating their actual values; this is more obvious for weight.

Comparison of Actual with Estimated Weight and Height in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria

Sickle cell disorders are the most common genetic disorders worldwide as well as in Nigeria. The weight and height are the most used anthropometric measurements in paediatric practice for the calculation of many parameters. The objective is to determine the reliability of weight and height estimates among children with sickle cell anaemia compared with measured weight and height. A random sample of SCA children aged eight months to 12 years was studied. Height and weight were measured using standard methods, while BMI was estimated using kg/m2. These were compared with estimated weight, height and BMI. Five subjects were adjudged obese using estimated BMI: three of these five subjects were identified as obese using actual BMI. Regression analysis showed that there appears to be more positive linear relationship for weight and length/height among children aged 1– 6 years. The measured mean weight and BMI were significantly lower than the estimated mean values. The overall mean of estimated length/height did not differ significantly from overall mean of the actual length/height. In comparison with the actual BMI, the estimated BMI did not identify any of the subjects with either thinness or overweight while children with obesity were over-estimated. The formula methods of estimating weights and heights for the various ages in children with sickle cell anaemia are over-estimating their actual values; this is more obvious for weight.