Activity Of Polyherbal Formulation Research Articles

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessment and evaluation of the gastro-protective activity of polyherbal formulation \u201cMystomate4\xae\u201d against gastric ulcer in experimental laboratory animal

BackgroundUlcer remains a health challenge worldwide with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors as major management therapy. The study investigated the acute, sub-chronic toxicity and gastrointestinal protective activity of a polyherbal formulation (Mystomate4®) used locally in Nigeria.MethodsOral LD50 and the sub-chronic toxicity test were determined in mice and rats. Mice were grouped into 8 groups of 8 mice each. They were dosed a graded concentration of the formulation (1.28, 2.56; 5.12; 10.24; 20.48; 40.96; 81.92; 163.84 g/kg body weight). The graded dose used was arrived at after an initial pilot study. Thereafter doses were chosen around the dose obtained from the pilot study. Animal were dosed orally and observed for sign of toxicity and number of death recorded after 24 h. The sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out for 3 months in rats at a dose of 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg body weight arrived at by titrating down the LD50 value after which some vital tissues were harvested and assessed for toxicity using relevant biomarkers. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated in rats using ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models. Data were analysed with Graph Pad Prism version 5.0 using appropriate statistical method and significant level placed at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe acute toxicity study showed an LD50 result of 22,837.21 g/kg. The sub-chronic toxicity study resulted in a significant reduction in body weight due to significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in feed consumption. Biochemical analyses of the blood samples showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in creatinine and albumin level in the 2.5 mg/kg female group. ALT was significantly increased in all the treated rats except in 2 mg/kg female rats. Alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in high dosed male (HM) group while blood urea:creatinine ratio was significantly lowered in all the treated groups. There was a significant increase in serum TGL in all rats while LDL was significantly increased and decreased in HM and high dosed female (HF) respectively.ConclusionMystomate4® showed significant protection against ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models but did not modify the gastric parameters in pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model. The polyherbal formulation is nontoxic with promising potentials for treating experimental peptic ulcer.

Antidiabetic and Antilipidemic activity of Poly herbal formulation (PHF) in STZ-NA induced diabetes in rats

The effects of polyherbal formulations were studied in the streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetes rat model. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of polyherbal formulations on the blood sugar level (BSL) as well as blood lipid level(BLL) of STZ-NA diabetic rats. The leaves of Moringa oleifera and roots of Raphanus raphanistrum were used for the study due to the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenolic acids, flavonoids. Three polyherbal formulations were prepared from different portions of leaves of Moringa oleifera and roots of Raphanus raphanistrum and titled PHF-I, PHF-II and PHF-III. Diabetes in experimental animals was induced by STZ injection intraperitoneally (i. p) after 30 min of Nicotinamide injection i. p in all animal groups except normal control group animals. Group, I served as normal control received no treatment. Group II served as negative control received streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Group III rats were treated with Metformin, Group IV, Group V and Group VI rats treated with PHF-I, PHF-II and PHF-III respectively. Physical parameters (body weight, feed and water intake), Biochemical parameters (Blood Glucose, Serum Insulin, Serum C-Peptide Level, Serum Leptin, Serum Total cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL) were measured on 0th, 14th and 28th day. The study results and histopathology of the pancreas indicate that oral administration of polyherbal formulation- II proved as a more effective, safe anti-diabetic agent in comparison to Polyherbal formulation I and III by Decrease in body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum glucose level. Increase in serum insulin level, serum C-peptide with a significant decrease in blood serum lipid level.

Antidiabetic and Antilipidemic activity of Poly herbal formulation (PHF) in STZ-NA induced diabetes in rats

The effects of polyherbal formulations were studied in the streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetes rat model. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of polyherbal formulations on the blood sugar level (BSL) as well as blood lipid level(BLL) of STZ-NA diabetic rats. The leaves of Moringa oleifera and roots of Raphanus raphanistrum were used for the study due to the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenolic acids, flavonoids. Three polyherbal formulations were prepared from different portions of leaves of Moringa oleifera and roots of Raphanus raphanistrum and titled PHF-I, PHF-II and PHF-III. Diabetes in experimental animals was induced by STZ injection intraperitoneally (i. p) after 30 min of Nicotinamide injection i. p in all animal groups except normal control group animals. Group, I served as normal control received no treatment. Group II served as negative control received streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Group III rats were treated with Metformin, Group IV, Group V and Group VI rats treated with PHF-I, PHF-II and PHF-III respectively. Physical parameters (body weight, feed and water intake), Biochemical parameters (Blood Glucose, Serum Insulin, Serum C-Peptide Level, Serum Leptin, Serum Total cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL) were measured on 0th, 14th and 28th day. The study results and histopathology of the pancreas indicate that oral administration of polyherbal formulation- II proved as a more effective, safe anti-diabetic agent in comparison to Polyherbal formulation I and III by Decrease in body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum glucose level. Increase in serum insulin level, serum C-peptide with a significant decrease in blood serum lipid level.

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Herbal Formulation Using Natural Extract

Our study is intended to prepare and evaluate the polyherbal formulation (PHF) using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Piper nigrum, and lemon juice. Poly Herbal Formulation F1 and F2 were synthesised and subjected to qualitative, quantitative phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity was measured using a standard protocol. Antimicrobial activity of PHFs was observed by the agar well diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities (In-vitro) were studied in F1 by using inhibition of albumin denaturation method. TLC and FTIR are done for the structural elucidation in F1. The F1 and F2 exhibited the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, saponins, Glycosides and proteins. The F1 and F2 show significant activity against the standard in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The presence of flavonoids and alkaloids may contribute to the anti-microbial activity. The Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and a metal chelating assay of the F1 possess the highest antioxidant activity of 73.1% and 69% respectively. TLC confirms the presence of flavonoids in F1. FTIR spectrum shows the functional group of amines, alcohols, nitrites, aromatic and aliphatic compounds. These FTIR bands denote stretching and vibrational bands responsible for the compounds like flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and amino acids. This investigation shows the excellent result in antimicrobial, antioxidant and in-vitro anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. In future, the PHF of F1 can be used as potent therapeutical agents and can be further exploited for their other beneficial effect in the pharmacological studies.

Anti-diarrhoeal activity of a polyherbal formulation in rats and elucidation of its cellular mechanisms.

The present study was aimed to study anti-diarrhoeal activity of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) in rats and elucidate its mechanism of action. Anti-diarrhoeal activity of PHF was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, small intestinal transit and enteropooling models in rats. PHF was tested at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg rat body weight. Loperamide was used as a reference control for in vivo studies. Anti-secretory action was evaluated against heat labile enterotoxin (from Escherichia coli) induced secretion in rat ileal loop model. The effect of PHF (12.5-100 µg/ml) on cAMP-dependent secretory activity was investigated against forskolin-induced cAMP release in HT-29 cells. PHF demonstrated significant (p≤0.05) anti-diarrhoeal activity by increasing the time for first faecal drop and inhibited diarrhoeal episodes by 43, 58 and 60% at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the intestinal transit was inhibited upto 33% and the weight of secretory contents induced by castor oil was significantly reduced by PHF, approximately 29% in enteropooling assay. On the other hand, the intestinal loop instilled with PHF and enterotoxin from E. coli demonstrated 61% inhibition of fluid accumulation as compared to loop instilled with enterotoxin only. In vitro studies indicated that PHF inhibits cAMP release in HT-29 cells corroborating the anti-secretory effects observed in aforesaid studies. The results suggest that the PHF possesses anti-diarrhoeal activity, evident through reduced faecal output, decreased intestinal transit and anti-secretory activities.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a poly herbal formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with several comorbidities. Currently used synthetic medicines have various side effects. Herbal medicines are being widely used for management of diabetes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of poly herbal formulation (PHF) (mixture of Citrullus colocynthis, Syzygium cumini and Holarrhena antidysenterica) in diabetic rats. We evaluated enzyme inhibition activity of PHF by ELISA and anti-hyperglycemic action was assessed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups, i.e., blank, negative control, standard control and PHF 250 and 500 mg/kg dosage respectively. Blood glucose level assessed through one touch method blood glucose monitoring system. The statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results of study indicated that PHF sufficiently inhibited DPPH at 0.5 mg/mL and serial dilutions with IC50 of 197 µg/mL while α- glucosidase inhibition assay showed marked inhibition of PHF at 0.5 mg/mL and serial dilutions with IC50 of 235 µg/mL. Oral intake of PHF reduced blood glucose level, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in wistar albino rats in dose dependent manner. Considering the multidirectional effects of PHF, it is concluded that PHF may be a therapeutic option in management of diabetes.

POLYHERBAL PREPARATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON DIET-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Objective: The objective of this research article is to develop and evaluate polyherbal preparation and comparative studies on diet-induced hyperlipidemia.
 Methods: After the extraction, pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening was done. The lipid-lowering activity of polyherbal formulation (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) may be attributed to the phytoconstituents present such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, proteins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, and triterpenes. In acute oral toxicity study, there were no behavioral changes seen up to 4 h and no mortality was observed up to the end of 24 h even at the maximum tested dose level of 2000 mg/kg per oral. It was considered maximum safe dose. Male and female albino rats weighing 150–200 g were used for the study. Hydroalcoholic extract of all plants was prepared having a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The doses were selected according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline no. 425. The procedure was divided into two phases: Phase I (observation made on day 1) and Phase II (observed the animals for the next 14 days of drug administration). Animals received a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. After the administration of Healthcare Administration, food was withheld for 3–4 h. If the animal dies, conduct the main test to determine the LD50. The study was conducted by measuring various parameters, namely, daily feed intake (g), water intake (ml), body weight (g), lipid profile high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), CHL level (mg/dl), and blood glucose level (mg/dl).
 Results: Results showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level and serum lipid profile such as total cholesterol, LDL, and increasing serum HDL level, so could be useful in the treatment of hypolipidemia.
 Conclusion: Polyherbal formulations (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) have hypoglycemic activity and significantly improve lipid profile levels in diet-induced experimental rats.

The combined effect of Trigonella foenum seeds and Coriandrum sativum leaf extracts in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus wister albino rats

Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous disorders commonly presenting with episodes of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, as a result of lack of insulin, ineffective insulin action, and/or both. It is our interest to study the effect of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum seeds (fenugreek) and Coriandrum sativum leaves (dhaniya) or its combination in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus wistar albino rats. Rats were randomly separated into six groups where group 1 animals received 2% acacia, group 2 animals received alloxan dose of 150 mg/kg, group 3 animals received glibenclamide dose of 0.5 mg/kg and group 4, 5 and 6 animals received ethanolic extracts of Trigonella foenum seeds, Coriandrum sativum leaves and combination of both extracts at the dose of 100mg/kg for 21 days. Different biochemical parameters such as hepatic and renal biomarkers and histopathology of pancreas were studied. Combination of both extracts showed significant decrease in blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL levels, SGOT, SGPT, urea, creatinine and increase in HDL levels and body weight than individual extracts. Thus, we show the antidiabetic activity of poly herbal formulation using biochemical and histo pathological data.

EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC, HYPOLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

Objective: To evaluate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of polyherbalformulation (PHF) aqueous extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, serum insulin and glycosylate haemoglobin (HbA1C) were determined in normal and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the PHF for 45 d. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated in kidney and liver tissue. Histopathological changes in diabetic rat vital organs were also observed after PHF treatment.Results: Daily oral administration of PHF (200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w.) and metformin (5 mg/kg, b.w.) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P<0.001) and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The PHF treatment also enhances serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group. Furthermore, the PHF has favourable effects on histopathological studies, in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes. Antioxidant enzymes and GSH levels were found to be significantly increased and levels of MDA were decreased in treated diabetic animals.Conclusion: PHF possesses antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. PHF has also showed favourable effect on histopathological changes in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic animals.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Antidepressant Activity of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-depressive activity of a polyherbal formulation (PF) after 28 days administration by using a rat forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Methods: Animals were divided into six groups (n=6/group): Group 1: The control rats received injections of 0.5% CMC solution only; Group 2: FST+vehicle; Groups 3: FST+SER (10 mg/kg, i.p.); Group 4: FST+200 mg/kg; Group 5: FST+400 mg/kg; Group 6: FST+800 mg/kg and drugs were administrated once daily for 28 days treatment. To assess the effect of PF on immobility activity through FST and TST were used to take as a measure of antidepressant activity. The probable mechanism of action of the anti-depressive effect of PF was also investigated by measuring the level of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, homocysteine, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels in the blood of the stress rats. Results: PF significantly reduced the immobility time of rat in both the FST and TST. However, might explain the results. In addition, PF decreased the homocysteine, IL-2 and IFN-gamma level while it increased the levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in the blood. PF with 200 mg/kg treatment have shown the more significant improvement in stress rats. Conclusion: After 28 days administration, PF produced antidepressant-like effects. The mechanisms of action of anti-depressive effect of PF seemed to involve an increase of the monoamines level while decreasing the inflammatory marker and homocysteine in the stress of rats.

Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of polyherbal formulation based on ayurvedic formulation Brihad Panchagavya Ghrita

Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a polyherbal formulation for epilepsy. Present polyherbal formulation (PHF) (containing Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Mimosa pudica L., Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp, and Lawsonia inermis L.) is based on an ayurvedic formulation Brihad Panchagavya Ghrita indicated for epilepsy. Materials and Methods: To establish the scientific basis of mechanism, we examined the effects of methanolic extract of PHF (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on maximal electric shock (MES), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and isoniazid (INH)-induced convulsions as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamate level in the brain tissues in PTZ-induced seizure model. Phenytoin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) for MES-induced seizure and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) for PTZ and INH-induced epilepsy were used as reference drugs, respectively. Results: The extract showed no toxicity and significantly prolonged the onset and reduced the duration of the seizures induced by MES. Phenytoin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) completely inhibited the seizures in this model. Similarly, in the seizures induced by PTZ and INH, the extract also prolonged the onset and reduced the duration of the seizures though not in a dose-dependent manner. Diazepam also inhibits the PTZ and INH-induced seizures. The plant extract however showed a significant anticonvulsant activity at 400 mg/kg in comparison with diazepam. The extract also attenuates the chemical (PTZ) induce oxidative stress in the brain. Moreover, the extract (400 mg/kg) also significantly decreases the GABA-transaminase enzyme activity in PTZ model. The PHF was also found to be capable in reversing the INH-induced decline in GABA level and increase in glutamate level in the brain. Conclusions: The results obtained from this work suggest that PHF has anticonvulsant activity, and this supports the use of the formulation traditionally in the treatment of convulsions.

Investigation of Neuropsychopharmacological Effects of a Polyherbal Formulation on the Learning and Memory Process in Rats

Objective:To investigate the neuropsychopharmacological effect of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) on the learning and memory processes in rats.Materials and Methods:PHF contains Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Nardostachys jatamansi (Jatamansi), Rauwolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha), Evolvulus alsinoides (Shankhpushpi), Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), Emblica officinalis (Amalki), Mucuna pruriens (Kauch bij extract), Hyoscyamus niger (Khurasani Ajmo), Mineral resin (Shilajit), Pearl (Mukta Shukhti Pishti), and coral calcium (Praval pishti). Its effect (500 mg / kg, p.o.) on the learning and memory processes was tested. The activity of PHF on memory acquisition and retention was studied using passive avoidance learning and elevated plus maze model (EPM) in rats.Results:The animals treated with PHF showed a significant decrease in transfer latency as compared to the control group in EPM. PHF also produced significant improvement in passive avoidance acquisition and memory retrieval, as compared to the controls and reduced the latency to reach the shock free zone (SFZ) after 24 hours.Conclusion:The PHF produces significant improvement in passive avoidance acquisition and memory retrieval in rats, which needs further investigation.