Activity Of Leaf Essential Oil Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Machilus platycarpa

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Machilus platycarpa

Volatile Profiling and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Nothopegia castaneifolia

Volatile Profiling and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Nothopegia castaneifolia

Chemical compositions and different biological activity of leaf essential oil of Ocimum americanum L. grown in acidic soil conditions

s Ocimum americanum L. is a highly valued aromatic plant whose leaves are used not only in traditional cuisine but also in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to identify the chemical profile of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Ocimum americanum by GC-FID and GC/MS grown in acidic soil conditions in the NE region of India. Furthermore, the biological activities like antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tyrosinase activity were analyzed, as per standard methods. GC and GC/MS analysis identified 16 compounds in which citral-a (48.25%) was found as a major compound, followed by carveol (41.64%). The antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH and ABTS methods; and IC50 value obtained was 8.85 μL/mL and 28.82 μL/mL, respectively. The leaf essential oil of O. americanum exhibited strong anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities, whereas moderate anti-tyrosinase activities with IC50 values of 40.84, 12.81, and 182.74 μL/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ant-microbial activity was evaluated for four bacterial and four fungal strains, revealing that O. americanum essential oil expresses antifungal activity against S. cereviaceae only with a MIC value of 5±0.47 μg/mL. These evidences clearly indicates that essential oil obtained from the leaf of O. americanum showed potential anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity that can be used as an alternative in pharmaceuticals and food industries as a natural source.

GC-MS Analysis and Bioactivity Screening of Leaves and Fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. is a plant that has been homologated for medicine and food by the Chinese for three thousand years. In this study, the essential oils of fresh leaves and fruits were extracted by hydrodistillation, the aromas of fresh leaves and fruits were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The main components of the leaf essential oils were linalool (62.01%), 2-undecanone (9.83%) and 2-tridecanone (5.47%); the fruit essential oils were linalool (72.17%), limonene (8.05%) and sabinene (6.77%); the leaf aromas were limonene (39.15%), β-myrcene (15.8%), sabinene (8.17%) and linalool (5.25%); the fruit aromas were limonene (28.43%), sabinene (13.56%), linalool (11.47%) and β-myrcene (8.64%). By comparison, it was found that the composition of leaf essential oils and fruit essential oils were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes, while the composition of their aromas were both dominated by monoterpenes; the relative content of non-terpene components in leaf essential oil and leaf aroma is second only to oxygenated monoterpenes, while their content in fruits is low; the chemical composition of leaf aromas and fruit aromas were richer than those of essential oils. In this study, we reported for the first time that the antitumor, tyrosinase inhibition, HMGR inhibition and nitric oxide production inhibition activity of leaf essential oils were stronger than those of fruit essential oils in in vitro tests. The results of the study can provide a reference for the recycling and green low-carbon transformation of the leaves, and also help to deepen the understanding of the value of the volatile chemical constituents of this plant in “forest medicine” or “aromatherapy”, and provide new ideas for the transformation of the value of the plant in the secondary and tertiary industry chain.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, herbicidal and antifungal activities of leaf essential oils from three Tunisian Eucalyptus species

Chemical composition, antioxidant, herbicidal and antifungal activities of leaf essential oils from three Tunisian Eucalyptus species

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaf essential oil from Calyptranthes concinna DC. (Myrtaceae)

The biodiversity found in Brazilian’s ecosystems brings the possibility of discovering new natural products with wide application potentials. However, knowing their availability and chemical composition is crucial. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from fresh leaves of Calyptranthes concinna DC., a native species of Myrtaceae occurring in Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant samples were collected in Southeastern Brazil and the essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition was evaluated by Gas Chromatography associated with Mass Spectrometry and antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. The extraction yield obtained was 0.015% (v), and the chemical composition revealed elemicin, a phenylpropanoid as the major component (36.46%). Still, β-caryophyllene (16.94%), germacrene B (8.28%) and spathulenol (7.33%) proved to be relevant for the same essential oil. Antioxidant activity was obtained for ABTS and DPPH radical scavenge (134.82 ± 2,9 and 93.70 ± 1.7 µM TE mL-1, respectively) and FRAP (11.31 ± 0.2 µM FeSO4 mL-1 OE), revealing hydrogen-donation as the main antioxidant mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antioxidant activity of C. concinna essential oil. The product presented compounds of great relevance, with possibilities of application in different areas including food, agriculture and pharmaceutical segments

Chemical composition, Biological Activities and In Silico Evaluation of Essential Oils from the aerial, and root parts of Nepeta hindostana (B. Heyne ex Roth)-Haines Grown in North India

Nepeta hindostana, commonly known as the North Indian Catmint, is an important Indian aromatic and medicinal plant of family Lamiaceae. Its leaves are extensively used as cardiac tonic and gargle to cure sore throat in the form of extract or decoction. However, there are few reports on the chemical composition and biological activities of leaf essential oil, while the root essential oil has not yet been explored. In this context, the present study is aimed to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate different biological activities of the essential oil (EO) from aerial and root part of the plant. Thus, the EOs were hydro-distilled from aerial parts (stem, leaf, flower) and roots of the plant and analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-four and thirty-four compounds, contributing 95.5% and 90.7% of the total oil composition, were identified in aerial and root EOs, respectively. Both the oils appeared to be antioxidant via in-vitro methods. Aerial and root EOs showed albumin denaturation activity with relative IC50 values of 20.46 ± 0.21 μg/mL and 31.79 ± 0.28 μg/mL. Root EO exhibited higher α-amylase inhibition activity (IC50 = 10.86 ± 0.45 μg/mL) than aerial part EO (IC50 = 25.33 ± 0.24 μg/mL). Both the EOs exerted a prominent antifeedant activity against Spilosoma obliqua. The bioactivity of the main identified compounds in the EOs were predicted using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) tools. Furthermore, molecular docking studies highlighted that β-sitosterol had the most efficient binding affinity with NADPH oxidase and alpha-amylase receptors.

Multi target interactions of essential oil nanoemulsion of Cinnamomum travancoricum against diabetes mellitus via in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches

This study reports antidiabetic activity of leaf essential oil (EO) of Cinnamomum travancoricum from the Western Ghats, India via in vitro , in vivo and in silico methods. EO was characterized by GC-MS and GC-FID. Essential oil nanoemulsions (EN) were prepared and characterized. Antidiabetic potential was evaluated through in vitro assays namely, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, glucose uptake and insulin secretion assays. In vivo study was conducted on STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Molecular docking was conducted to find the lead antidiabetic compounds. Of the 42 compounds identified in the EO, α-phellandrene (5.9%), β-phellandrene (12.6%), linalool (23.6%), safrole (6.8%) and shyobunol (5.1%) were major constituents. Of the two ENs formulated, 1:2 ratio (EO to surfactants) was better in zeta size (51.4 nm) and potential (−30.9). In vitro results were impressive. EN lowered elevated blood glucose level to normal (p < 0.01) and improved the insulin secretion (p < 0.01) in diabetic rats. Further, serum AST, ALT, ALP, triglyceride and pancreatic β-cell damage were seen reduced (p < 0.05). Molecular docking studies showed minor constituents of EO, namely, δ-cadinene, elemol, spathulenol and α-copaen-11-ol playing active role in antidiabetic activity through α-amylase, α-glucosidase, insulin receptor, and insulin secretion proteins.

Antifungal Sesquiterpenoids from Michelia formosana Leaf Essential Oil against Wood-Rotting Fungi

Michelia formosana (Kanehira) Masamune is a broad-leaved species widespread in East Asia; the wood extract and its constituents possess antifungal activity against wood-decay fungi. Antifungal activities of leaf essential oil and its constituents from M. formosana were investigated in the present study. Bioassay-guided isolation was applied to isolate the phytochemicals from leaf essential oil. 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, and MS spectroscopic analyses were applied to elucidate the chemical structures of isolated compounds. Leaf essential oil displayed antifungal activity against wood decay fungi and was further separated into 11 fractions by column chromatography. Four sesquiterpenoids were isolated and identified from the active fractions of leaf essential oil through bioassay-guided isolation. Among these sesquiterpenoids, guaiol, bulnesol, and β-elemol have higher antifungal activity against brown-rot fungus Laetiporus sulphureus and white-rot fungus Lenzites betulina. Leaf essential oil and active compounds showed better antifungal activity against L. sulphureus than against L. betulina. The molecular structure of active sesquiterpenoids all contain the hydroxyisopropyl group. Antifungal sesquiterpenoids from M. formosana leaf essential oil show potential as natural fungicides for decay control of lignocellulosic materials.

Volatile chemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of leaf essential oil in Eugenia mooniana Wight

Eugenia mooniana Wight. Is a aromatic plant with restricted distribution and native to India and Sri Lanka. The present work reports the volatile chemical composition of E. mooniana leaves and their antimicrobial activity against standard strain. The leaf essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation method (oil yield 0.2%v/w), and analysed by GC-MS (Shimadzu Nexis GC 2030). Fourty four compounds were identified from the oil. The major class of compounds were sesquiterpenoids followed by monoterpenoids. Major compounds identified in the leaf oil were the monoterpenoids myrcene (2.8-%), β-ocimene (9.9%), and sesquiterpenoids caryophyllene (5.5%), δ-cadinene (12.1%), epi α-cadinol (7.5 %) and α-cadinol (12.9%). The antimicrobial activity oil was tested against bacteria and fungus strain by agar well diffusion method. The oil showed inhibitory activity against fungus Candida albicans and gram negative bacteria Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio fluvialis.

Chemical Variability and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Leaf Essential Oil from Ivorian Isolona dewevrei (De Wild. &amp; T. Durand) Engl. &amp; Diels

The chemical variability and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf essential oil from Ivorian Isolona dewevrei were investigated for the first time. Forty-seven oil samples were analyzed using a combination of CC, GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C-NMR, thus leading to the identification of 113 constituents (90.8–98.9%). As the main components varied drastically from sample to sample, the 47 oil compositions were submitted to hierarchical cluster and principal components analyses. Three distinct groups, each divided into two subgroups, were evidenced. Subgroup I−A was dominated by (Z)-β-ocimene, β-eudesmol, germacrene D and (E)-β-ocimene, while (10βH)-1β,8β-oxido-cadina-4-ene, santalenone, trans-α-bergamotene and trans-β-bergamotene were the main compounds of Subgroup I−B. The prevalent constituents of Subgroup II−A were germacrene B, (E)-β-caryophyllene, (5αH,10βMe)-6,12-oxido-elema-1,3,6,11(12)-tetraene and γ-elemene. Subgroup II−B displayed germacrene B, germacrene D and (Z)-β-ocimene as the majority compounds. Germacrene D was the most abundant constituent of Group III, followed in Subgroup III−A by (E)-β-caryophyllene, (10βH)-1β,8β-oxido-cadina-4-ene, germacrene D-8-one, and then in Subgroup III−B by (Z)-β-ocimene and (E)-β-ocimene. The observed qualitative and quantitative chemical variability was probably due to combined factors, mostly phenology and season, then harvest site to a lesser extent. The lipoxygenase inhibition by a leaf oil sample was also evaluated. The oil IC50 (0.020 ± 0.005 mg/mL) was slightly higher than the non-competitive lipoxygenase inhibitor NDGA IC50 (0.013 ± 0.003 mg/mL), suggesting a significant in vitro anti-inflammatory potential.

Chemical Composition and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Screening of Leaf Essential Oil of Plectranthus gerardianus Benth., and Isolation of the Major Constituents of the Oil

Background: The Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family is one of the most diverse and widespread plant families in terms of ethnomedicine and its medicinal value is based on the concentration of the volatile oil present in it. This family is important for flavor, fragrance and medicinal properties. Many plants belonging to this family have indigenous value. Methods: The essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianus Benth. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS analyses, while the major components were isolated and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Results: The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, which contribute around 62% of the total oil. The major components identified were fenchone (22.90%) and carvenone oxide (16.75%), besides other mono and sesquiterpenoids. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil was tested against three gram-negative bacteria including Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, two gram-positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two fungi namely Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was also compared to the antimicrobial activity of leaf essential oil of another Himalayan plant namely Nepetacoerulescens. Conclusion: The oil showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against all the microbial strains and can lessen the ever-growing demand for potentially hazardous antibiotics for treatment.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of essential oils from three Eucalyptus species

Abstract Eucalyptus essential oils are used as traditional medicines in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf essential oils extracted from three different Eucalyptus species on HepG2 and RAW264.7 cells. Essential oils were distilled from fresh leaf samples, and the chemical constituents were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of essential oils were determined using ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties. The results revealed that Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus urophylla leaf essential oils had a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes, whereas Eucalyptus deglupta contained a high amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Essential oils extracted from the three Eucalyptus species showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. E. citriodora and E. urophylla leaf essential oils had strong antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human HepG2 cells. Additionally, E. citriodora leaf essential oil, which contains a high amount of citronellal, exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils depended on their chemical composition. A principal component analysis explained 100% of the variance was performed to construct three groups based on the chemical components and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study suggests that E. citriodora leaf essential oil, which represents a good source of oxygenated monoterpenes, could be considered a potential phytochemical agent for the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation. Keywords: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory effect, Eucalyptus essential oils, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Principal component analysis

Chemical Constituent Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) is a herbaceous perennial plant valued for its use in the pharmaceutical and food industry. In spite of its multipurpose use, the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of the species is not known till date. Thus, the current work was undertaken to study the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaf essential oil of C. xanthorrhiza. GC/MS analysis of the leaf essential oil revealed the presence of 53 constituents; the major constituents being germacrone (18.76 %), xanthorrhizol (12.22 %), germacrene B (7.19 %), eucalyptol (6.89 %), γ-eudesmol acetate (6.33 %), ar-curcumene (6.06 %), β-himachalene (5.75 %) and curzerene (5.24 %). The essential oil was sesquiterpenoid in nature, with sesquiterpenes comprising 76.4 % of the oil. It consisted of 50.04 % oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 26.36 % sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 10.31 % oxygenated monoterpenoids, 5.92 % aromatics, and 4.33 % monoterpene hydrocarbons. The DPPH and ABTS assay showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 value- 55.57±0.02 μg/mL and 24.42 μg/mL, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaf essential oil of C. xanthorrhiza and this finding might be useful in undertaking advanced research on natural products.

Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Two Litsea Species from Vietnam

Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Two Litsea Species from Vietnam

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Leaf Essential Oil of Syzygium myrtifolium from Eastern India

The chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf essential oil of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. was evaluated in the present study. A total of 43 constituents representing 96.99 % of the total essential oil were identified by GC/MS analysis. The leaf essential oil was mainly characterized by sesquiterpene incorporate alcohols (34.99 %) with δ-cadinol (29.53 %), caryophyllene oxide (26.25 %) and cyclocolorenone (7.7 %) as the major constituents. The antioxidant activity of the leaf essential oil against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assays showed IC50 values of 215 ± 4.61 and 116 ± 2.37 μg/mL respectively. In vitro cytotoxic effect of the essential oil evaluated against HCT-116 and Pa-1 cell lines by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay showed IC50 values of 59.9 and 47.5 μg/mL respectively. Further, the leaf essential oil at a concentration of 25 μg/mL was found to exhibit potential anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production. The findings of the present study revealed that the leaf essential oil of S. myrtifolium is a rich source of bioactive constituents, which needs further investigation as leads for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug discovery.

Constituents and antibacterial activity of leaf essential oil of Plectranthus scutellarioides

This study covers chemical profiling of leaf essential oil of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br along with the first report on its antibacterial activity. The extraction was performed by microwave assisted hydrodistillation where the yield of essential oil was 0.18%. A total of 28 constituents were separated and identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The constituents that occurred in abundance were spathulenol (24.57%), D-germacrene (14.53%), bicyclogermacrene (11.24%), nonacosane (9.74%) and morillol (4.95%). The antibacterial evaluation of essential oil was carried out against 8 different gram negative and positive strains including multidrug-resistant ones with agar well diffusion method and macrodilution method and was found to be active against all strains. The strongest activity (MIC) was found against multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli (0.625 mg/mL) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2.5 mg/mL) that shows the potential of this essential oil.

Chemical Variation and Pharmacological Properties of Dyssodia decipiens Essential Oil.

Dyssodia decipiens is one of the seven recognized species within the Dyssodia genus, which has economic and social relevance in Mexico. Herein, we report on the volatile characterization and pharmacological activity of D. decipiens. The essential oils (2017-2019) contained verbenone (30.8-60.9 %), limonene (5.6-35.5 %), β-caryophyllene (7.8-19.8 %) and linalool (4.5-12.4 %) as major constituents along the studied years. Antifungal properties were probed on Candida albicans ATCC 90028, ATCC 10231 (fluconazole resistant) and five clinical isolates (IS1-IS5). Flower essential oils had the best anti-C. albicans activity (MIC 59.2-93.5 μg mL-1 ), and limonene (MIC 125.5-188.4 μg mL-1 ) and β-caryophyllene (MIC 104.3-184.2 μg mL-1 ) were involved in this effect. SEM examination revealed that D. decipiens essential oils produced an evident lysis on the fungus. Mosquito repellent activity was demonstrated on Aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. The repellent activity of leaf essential oils (20 %) was effective within 1-5 h post-treatment (>90 %) and it was stronger (p<0.01) than that of commercial DEET. The evaluation of the four major volatiles (10 % each) produced similar results to those of essential oils. Finally, leaf essential oils showed a moderate antiproliferative activity on the lines OVCAR-3 (LD50 56.5-85.7 μg mL-1 ), and verbenone (LD50 65.3 μg mL-1 ) and β-caryophyllene (LD50 43.6 μg mL-1 ) were linked to this effect.

Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Essential Oils of Eleven Species of Lauraceae from Vietnam.

The Lauraceae is a family rich in aromatic and medicinal plants. Likewise, essential oils derived from members of this family have demonstrated a myriad of biological activities. It is hypothesized that members of the Lauraceae from Vietnam will yield essential oils that may be useful in controlling mosquito populations and treating microbial infections. In this work, the leaf essential oils of eleven species of Lauraceae (Beilschmiedia erythrophloia, B. robusta, B. yunnanensis, Cryptocarya concinna, C. impressa, C. infectoria, Litsea viridis, Machilus balansa, M. grandifolia, Neolitsea ellipsoidea, and Phoebe angustifolia) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical compositions analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The essential oils were screened for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, and for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans. The leaf essential oil of N. ellipsoidea, rich in (E)-β-ocimene (87.6%), showed excellent larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti with a 24 h LC50 of 6.59 μg/mL. The leaf essential oil of C. infectoria, dominated by germacrene D (55.5%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.4%), exhibited remarkable larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus (48 h LC50 = 0.40 μg/mL). N. ellipsoidea leaf essential oil also demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and B. cereus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 16 μg/mL, while the leaf essential oil of C. impressa showed excellent anticandidal with an MIC of 16 μg/mL. Leaf essential oils from the Lauraceae should be considered for utilization as alternative agents for controlling mosquito populations and as antimicrobial agents.

Bactericidal Activity of Essential Oil and its Major Compound from Leaves of Eucalyptus maculata Hook. Against Two Fish Pathogens

The present study was intended to evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf essential oil (EO) of E. maculata and its major compound, identified from the crude EO against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. jandaei. The major compound was found to be 1,8-cineole through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry-Flame Ionization Detector analysis. Both EO and 1,8-cineole showed potential antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. Sensitivity of A. hydrophila to both crude EO and its major compound was found to be relatively higher, in comparison to A. jandaei. The positive results indicate their efficiency as a natural anti-bacterial agent for the treatment of several pathogenic diseases caused by these two microorganisms, and understanding the relations between traditional cures and current medicines.