Activity Of Leaf Aqueous Extract Research Articles

Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extract of Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera against Pathogenic Bacteria and Spoilage Yeasts.

The antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Schinus polygamus (cav.) Cabrera against microorganisms of food importance was evaluated. First, the leaf aqueous extract of Schinus polygamus was characterized, quantifying hydroxycinnamic acids and phenolic compounds. Then, a battery of strains was tested, including Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932. Also, we tested wine spoilage yeasts such as Brettanomyces bruxellensis LAMAP2480, B. bruxellensis LAMAP1359, B. bruxellensis CECT1451, and Pichia guilliermondii NPCC1051. Tests were conducted using the kinetic curve of growth and cell viability counts. The results indicate that with 10% v/v of concentrated extract, it is possible to observe growth inhibition of all microorganisms studied, with statistically significant differences during the whole measurement time (70 h for bacteria and 145 h for yeast).

Phenolic profile, antioxidant, DNA protection, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and urease inhibition activities of Coriandrum sativum L. leaf, seed and flower extracts

In this study, chemical content, antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibition activities, and DNA protection activities of extracts obtained from different solvents of the Coriandrum sativum leaf, flower and seed were determined. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of C. sativum leaf, seed and flower hexane extracts were higher than water, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The highest anthocyanin content was found in the flower part of C. sativum. From the antioxidant activity tests, total antioxidant activity of flower aqueous extract, reducing power of seed aqueous extract, H2O2 scavenging activity of leaf ethyl acetate extract, OH˙ radical scavenging activity of leaf hexane extract, free radical scavenging activity of flower methanol extract, metal chelate activity of leaf ethyl acetate extract, superoxide anion scavenging activity of leaf aqueous extract and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of the leaf ethyl acetate extract had the highest. It was found that the urease inhibition activity of the seed methanol extract and the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities of the seed ethanol extract presented effective inhibition activity as 80.30±0.20%, 112.83±10.75 µg/mL, and 334.28±23.09 µg/mL, respectively. The leaf hexane, flower ethyl acetate, and leaf methanol extracts showed the highest DNA protection activities with values of 71.86%, 70.89%, and 69.38%, respectively. According to the phytochemical content and biochemical activity results, this study is a valuable report proving that the C. sativum plant is a natural effective product.

Antibacterial Effect of Pongamia pinnata Leaf Extract against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Medicinal plants play an important role in the discovery of novel drugs used in modern medicine. The medicinal plant Pongamia pinnata leaf possesses the wide range of medicinal properties which were confirmed through literature reviews. The leaves of the Pongamia pinnata have been used for the medicinal purposes since ancient time research has suggested that Pongamia pinnata leaf extracts have antimicrobial properties. The present study was to determine its leaves have any antibacterial activity leaf aqueous extract were screened for against different species of human pathogens, Chromobacterim violaceum, Citrobacter frendii, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. The activity of leaf aqueous extracts was measured by agar well diffusion method. Nutrient Agar Media (NAM) was prepared for growth of bacteria strains; leaf aqueous extract was obtained by mixing the pulverized leaf materials with ethanol, filtered with Whatman No. 1 filter paper and concentrated to dryness. The collected extracts were tested for antibacterial activities, after that plates placed in incubator for incubation at 37 ± 2°C for 24 hours. Measure the zones of inhibition obtained. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by using standard deviation and standard error. The highest zone of inhibition of P. pinnata ethanolic leaf aqeous extract was measured against gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus (38 mm) and smallest was measured against Citrobacter freundii (17.6 mm). In this present study we have evaluated the efficacy of P. pinnata leaf extract against four different human pathogenic bacteria.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diarrhoeal Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Zizyphus Lotus (L) in Albino Wistar Rats

The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical screening, the acute toxicity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities of the Zizyphus lotus (Z lotus) leaf’s aqueous extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity study, anti-inflammatory evaluation using carrageenan induced paw edema and the anti-diarrheal activity was assessed by the castor oil induced diarrhea inhibition method in laboratory rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The extract at the doses used caused a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the wet feces dumped by the rat with the castor oil-induced diarrhea, and decreased the distance travelled by the charcoal meal. The results showed that the extract of Zizyphus lotus has a significant antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activity which supports its use in traditional herbal medicine practice.

Antifeedant Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants on VI Instar Larva of Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner)

Phytochemicals, especially botanical insecticides are currently of interest because of their successful application in plant protection as biocontrol agents. Biological activity of leaf aqueous extract of ten selected medicinal plants were evaluated against the fourth-instar larvae of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (H¨ubner), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Antifeedant activity of leaf aqueous extracts of Abutilon indicum L., Achyranthus aspera L., Aerva lanata L., Albiziz amara (Roxb), Andrographis paniculata Ness., Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Cassia tora L., Catharanthus roseus L (G) Don., Datura metal L. and Tribulus terrestris L. were evaluated in this study. Preliminary screening after 24 h of exposure with leaf aqueous extracts of the selected plants at a concentration of 1,000 ppm exhibited significant larval mortality rate. The percentage mortality rate ranged considerably from 10.8 to 72.8. The mortality rate was observed in the decreasing order of A. paniculata > C. roseus > D. metal > A. amara > C. halicacabum > A. indicum > C. tora > T. terrestris > A. aspera >A. lanata against the larvae of H. armigera. The results imply that leaf aqueous extract of A. paniculata, C. roseus and D. metal can potentially be used as eco-friendly pest control agents against the larva of H. armigera.

Metaphase arrest and delay in cell cycle kinetics of root apical meristems and mouse bone marrow cells treated with leaf aqueous extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent

To study cell cycle delay and metaphase arresting activity of leaf aqueous extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. (LAECV) in root apical meristems and mouse bone marrow cells. Cell cycle delay and metaphase arresting activities of LAECV were analysed, in root apical meristems of onion and wheat, and in mouse bone marrow cells, by scoring mitotic index, metaphase frequency and transition of cells from metaphase to anaphase. Colchicine was used as the standard metaphase arresting drug. Phytochemicals present in LAECV were detected and their phytotoxic activity was evaluated by analysing green-gram (Vigna radiata) seedling's root growth retardation and branch root swelling phenomenon. LAECV treatment resulted in dose-dependent root growth retardation of green-gram seedling root length (P < 0.01) and half maximal growth inhibitory concentration (IC(50) ) of LAECV was 0.87 mg/ml at 144 h. In onion and wheat root meristem cells the mitotic index decreased, metaphase frequency increased and transition from metaphase to anaphase reduced. Experimentation with mouse bone marrow cells indicated that LAECV induced metaphase arrest (164.3% increase in arrested metaphases per 300 mg/kg body weight, over 2.5 h). Phytochemicals like carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, triterpenoids, tannins and trace amounts of alkaloids were detected in LAECV. It may be said that LAECV contains mitostatic and metaphase arresting components that are able to induce significant metaphase arrest in root apical meristems and also in mouse bone marrow cells.