Activities Of Law Enforcement Agencies Research Articles

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES AND SPECIAL SERVICES IN COMBATING CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE FIELD OF COMPUTER GAMES, AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THEIR PREVENTION

Cybercrimes have appeared in crime statistics only in the last two to three decades, but this is the most actively developing area of criminal activity. As an actively developing area of criminal behavior, new directions are actively appearing in it, one of which is crimes in the field of computer games. This area of criminal activity has appeared relatively recently, which causes significant difficulties in practice, since the reason for initiating a criminal case is not always clear, difficulties arise with the preliminary investigation and the very proof of the fact of the commission of a crime. The article analyzes the content of the activities of law enforcement agencies and special services in their specific application to the prevention and investigation of crimes related to computer games. The concept of "hacking" is considered, its division into types and the content of such information activities is investigated. Technical means for the prevention of crimes in the field of computer games are also proposed and justified, since it is technical solutions for the prevention of crimes in the field of computer games that play the most important role in the implementation of activities to ensure the safety of the virtual gaming space, and the subsequent protection of players from various types of criminal activity, expressed in the commission of various socially dangerous crimes by users.

Профилактика правонарушений и предупреждение преступности органами прокуратуры и другими правоохранительными органами

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of delinquency prophylaxis and crime prevention. The article analyzes the definitions of “prophylaxis” and “prevention” in relation to offenses and crimes. The content and essence of delinquency prophylaxis and crime prevention are revealed. The authors examines the norms of the current legislation in the field of crime prevention, orders and information letters of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. The authors comes to the conclusion that between the Federal Law of June 23, 2016 No. 182-FZ “On the Basics of Crime Prevention in the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law of January 17, 1992 No. 2202-1 “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” there are legal conflicts that require legislative permissions and settlements in law enforcement. The powers of the prosecutor’s office to coordinate the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat crime are analyzed. Several changes and additions to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, which regulates the issues of crime prevention, are proposed.

Применение и развитие специального повода возбуждения уголовных дел о преступлениях, предусмотренных статьями 198–199.2 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the practice of law enforcement of a special reason for initiating criminal cases on crimes provided for in Articles 198–199.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, introduced in 2022. The study analyzes the structure of regulatory changes and their impact on the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat tax crimes. It is established that this novel, having a pronounced focus on the liberalization of liability for violation of tax legislation, was implemented without taking into account the blank nature of the legal mechanisms regulating legal relations in the field under consideration. As a result, the author substantiates the conclusion that the change in the procedure for bringing to criminal responsibility did not lead to a significant liberalization of liability, while at the same time giving rise to new conflicts that require elimination.

The use of a polygraph in the investigation of criminal offences: problems of tactics and legal regulation

The use of a polygraph in the investigation of criminal offences: problems of tactics and legal regulation

Геномная регистрация в Республике Беларусь: организационно-правовой и криминалистический аспекты

The article examines the forensic accounting of DNA data of the Republic Belarus as an important component of genomic registration and information support for the activities of law enforcement agencies. The central place of accounting is occupied by genomic information obtained in the process of genetic research (DNA analysis) of human biological traces. Once again, attention is drawn to the dependence of the number of solved crimes on the number of new DNA profi les in the records. The need for the development and adoption of the Law of the Republic Belarus “On State Genomic Registration” is substantiated. It is proposed that the norms defi ning the categories of persons subject to mandatory state genomic registration come into force in a phased manner.

The state of crime and the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat it in the 1920s in the Kaluga province

The state of crime and the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat it in the 1920s in the Kaluga province

ON THE ISSUE OF THE ESSENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF CITIZENS' PARTICIPATION IN THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ORDER

The protection of public order is one of the most important functions of the state, with proper implementation of which the normal progressive development of society is possible. The participation of citizens in the protection of public order is often unreasonably overlooked by scientific research, since attention is paid only to the activities of law enforcement agencies in this area. We believe that the potential of citizens' participation in the protection of public order is underestimated and needs additional scientific analysis and improvement of regulatory regulation of such activities. The article examines the essence of the concept of administrative and legal regulation of citizens' participation in the protection of public order by studying its content as a set of legal categories "participation of citizens in the protection of public order" and "mechanism of administrative and legal regulation". The analysis made it possible to formulate the author's definitions of the concepts "participation of citizens in the protection of public order" and "administrative and legal regulation of citizens' participation in the protection of public order".

Возможности применения технологии айтрекинга в деятельности правоохранительных органов (на примере зарубежных стран)

Introduction. The law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation widely use a polygraph in solving and investigating crimes as part of psychophysiological research. However, a number of foreign countries are actively conducting research on implementing new psychophysiological technologies in the practical activities of law enforcement officers. One of such technologies is the eye-tracker. The article describes the experience of applying the technology of eye-tracking in the professional activities of law enforcement officers for solving and investigating crimes, in particular, for assessing the reliability of the reported information, revealing hidden information, as well as identifying information about previously perceived persons and objects on the example of foreign countries. These provisions determine the purpose of our research - the generalisation and analysis of foreign experience of applying the technology of eye-tracking in the activities of law enforcement agencies. Methods. General scientific research methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and description were used in the research. Results. The current state of theoretical and methodological ideas about eye-tracking, as well as areas of its application, methodological and procedural features of its use in the activities of law enforcement agencies of foreign countries was determined.

Quick installation technology DNA profile – Rapid DNA

The investigation of criminal offenses requires modern, up-to-date, practical means. The ANDE Rapid DNA Identification System is a new technology that generates a DNA ID from forensic samples in less than two hours. In today’s conditions, its use in forensics, practical activities of law enforcement agencies on a permanent basis is very relevant. ANDE technology is specially designed and proven to be robust, mobile and suitable for use in harsh environments.
 The National Police of Ukraine is tasked with the enormous task of identifying victims of horrific crimes related to the ongoing war with russia. Over the past year, it has been proven that a significant percentage of these victims cannot be identified through forensic DNA alone, given her critical condition. The enormous amount of forensic DNA processing work required to address this situation far exceeds the capabilities of traditional DNA laboratory infrastructure. In addition, the logistical overhead associated with managing the efficient storage, movement, tracking, and provenance of large numbers of bodies or even DNA samples across wide geographic areas causes significant wastage of critical resources and long delays. ANDE technology accelerates DNA processing from months or even years to less than two hours. Forensic specialists use mobile DNA laboratories to identify dead. Today, the National Police operates 32 mobile laboratories. Rapid DNA’s secure, field-ready mobile systems provide the most accurate and efficient DNA identification results.
 Thus, the main goal of this study is to provide practical recommendations for forensic support for the use of rapid DNA profiling technology, using Rapid DNA as an example, in pre-trial investigation.
 The stated provisions and practical recommendations in the article are relevant in the context of the use of modern technologies by practical workers.

On the safety of life support facilities in the activities of law enforcement agencies

On the safety of life support facilities in the activities of law enforcement agencies

Deyatel'nost' pravoohranitel'nyh organov Rossijskoj imperii na territorii Kitajskoj respubliki (1912–1917 gg.)

The article discusses the activities of law enforcement agencies and special services of the Russian Empire - the headquarters of the Trans-Amur District of the Border Guard, the Shanghai residency of the Ministry of Finance and the gendarmerie and police department of the Chinese Eastern Railway on the territory of the Republic of China on the eve and during the First World War. It is concluded that an important component of the task of these units was to counter international criminal communities operating both in Russia and in China.

On the Classification of Typical Methods of Fraud in the Field of Construction at the Expense of the Federal Budget

Currently, in the context of sanctions pressure exerted on our state from outside, the need to ensure the effective spending of budget funds allocated for the construction of significant industrial and infrastructure facilities is of particular importance in ensuring economic security. Improving the search and cognitive activities of law enforcement agencies investigating fraud in the field of construction at the expense of the federal budget is one of the measures aimed at achieving such a goal. When developing and improving provisions on a private forensic methodology for investigating a crime of any individual type, one cannot do without a thorough study of the method of its commission. At the same time, the approach to considering the very concept of the method of committing a crime has significant differences in various branches of scientific knowledge. In forensic science, there are also generally accepted ideas for the study of this scientific category. In our study of criminal activity in the field of construction at the expense of the federal budget, we also applied traditional forensic methods and techniques. In particular, we used the method of classifying the described concept from the generally accepted provisions of forensic systematics. This made it possible to identify and systematically present some patterns in a typical mechanism for committing the type of crimes we are considering. Some of the results we have obtained are presented in this article.

Strategic directions for improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense

Introduction. Law enforcement agencies as subjects of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense must have an appropriate organizational and legal framework for carrying out their activities. This involves two separate important directions of optimization of the current process of administrative and legal regulation of their activities, which is collectively objectified by the need to review scientific and normative discourses regarding the place and role of law enforcement agencies in the mechanism of ensuring national security of Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the strategic directions of improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense. Results. Since law enforcement agencies in the researched area are generally divided into those that are independent or structural within the representative body - the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, we believe that the formation of a separate independent authority in the proposed context is generally inappropriate, as well as the granting of such powers to already existing ones. Conclusions. Law enforcement agencies should be provided with the ability to effectively influence various aspects of the country's security from the position of functional unity, which will allow them to strategically and functionally solve issues of national security and defense of Ukraine. We have proposed an author's variation of improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense with emphasis on the need to create a specialized state entity - the Center for Coordination and Interaction of Law Enforcement Activities under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, which will represent the institute of law enforcement activities in Ukraine.

Combating Economic Crime in Ukraine In Conditions of Sustainable Development

Purpose: The study is devoted to clarifying the system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine in the field of prevention and counteraction of economic crime, determining the directions of transformation of individual agencies in order to improve the efficiency of their activities in this area. Methods: The methodological basis of the study was general philosophical and general scientific methods of learning phenomena and processes: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, analogy, systematization, generalization, bibliometric analysis, modeling. Results and discussion: It was established that economic crimes are threats to the economic security of the state, consisting in the implementation of illegal economic activity (economic processes, relations, operations) or violation of requirements for legal economic activity to satisfy the selfish interests of a person or a group of persons. The specific features of economic crime prevention and counteraction entities that implement the law enforcement function in Ukraine as a component of economic security in conditions of sustainable development are highlighted. The procedure and forms of interaction of law enforcement agencies in the specified area under martial law conditions have been determined. Proposals were made to the legislation to increase the efficiency of the Economic Security Bureau of Ukraine as an analytical law enforcement agency in countering economic criminal offenses. Implications of the research: This research has theoretical and applied significance. From the theoretical side - to determine the essence and content of economic crime, to clarify the system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine in the field of prevention and counteraction of economic crime. From a practical point of view, proposals of a theoretical, methodological and legislative nature will contribute to the development of the most effective ways of combating crime in this area, will help to understand the place and role of such a law enforcement body with a special status as the Bureau of Economic Security in the specified activity of the state. Originality/value: The tasks of law enforcement agencies in combating economic crimes in the conditions of martial law and hybrid warfare are becoming extremely important in many countries, as they are aimed at ensuring the financing of defense capabilities and ensuring sustainable development. The author's proposals formulated in the research will contribute to the understanding of economic crime, form an idea about the powers and directions of improvement of the activities of law enforcement agencies in combating crime in this area.

Use of chipping technology and DNA identification in identifying a minor: a review

This study examines the possibility of using juvenile offender identification technologies such as chipping and DNA identification. Chipping requires finding a balance between security and respect for the child’s privacy. The use of newer genetic technologies is promising. The creation of a DNA database contributes to the improvement of law enforcement agencies, especially by increasing the possibility of criminal identification. However, the collection of genetic material from minors is challenging for several reasons, which requires ways to overcome them.
 To study the problems and prospects of the use of information and communication technologies in the identification of juvenile offenders in Kazakhstan, a comparative legal analysis is used, which allows to identify the possibility of using chipping and genomic identification. Currently, the Kazakhstani society rejects the possibility of chipping people, much less children. Therefore, it is crucial to consider all aspects and carefully analyze possible consequences before deciding on this technology.
 Presently, the activity of law enforcement agencies of the republic is unthinkable without the use of information technologies. To improve this process, new modern systems of personal identification and a database of biometric parameters should be developed. The main obstacle of chipping in minors in any of its variants (implanting a chip under the skin or sewing it into school uniforms) is legislative regulation and ethical barriers, whereas the unique biometric technology — DNA identification — has several advantages in establishing the identity of citizens, including minors. In this regard, there is a need for a unified legislative regulation of state biometric registration.
 The comparative analysis of technologies showed that DNA identification is a more promising and regulated procedure at this stage. Thus, possible directions for the use of this method in the course of establishing the identity of a minor are described.

Use of an underwater drone during the study of drowned bodies: a review

This article describes the effectiveness of an unmanned underwater vehicle (underwater drone) in searching for drowned people in reservoirs and the impact of an underwater drone on the production of forensic medical examination in drowning.
 The article considers the norms of legislation that regulate the procedure for using an underwater drone in the criminalistic support of crime investigations.
 This study considered the norms of legislation that regulate the use of scientific and technical means in criminology and scientific publications of researchers in the field of forensic medical examination. A SWOT analysis of the use of an underwater drone to improve the quality of crime investigation was performed. The results of the study revealed the positive and negative aspects of the use of an underwater drone in investigations.
 Based on the results of generalization of scientific papers and analysis of the use of scientific and technical means in the activities of law enforcement agencies in foreign countries, the use of an underwater drone for examining corpses in water was proposed. An underwater drone can reach places inaccessible to humans and help identify key details of the crime. During investigation of drowning crimes, underwater drones enables the analysis of the condition of the victim’s body without bringing it to the surface, which facilitates further investigation.

Law enforcement bodies of Ukraine

Based on the analysis of legal acts and different opinions of domestic legal scholars, who in their works investigated the issues of the system of law enforcement agencies of the state, determined the prospects for improving the activities of law enforcement agencies, it was established that law enforcement agencies of Ukraine occupy a central place in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensuring public security and law and order, protection and protection of the state border, protection of the interests of society and the state, and, if necessary, measures of state coercion are applied. Attention is drawn to certain debatable points related to the assignment of this or that state body to the system of law enforcement agencies. The problematic issue is that the law enforcement function, which is used in a broad sense, is used not only for law enforcement agencies, but also for other executive authorities. It was emphasized that one of the problematic issues that researchers pay attention to is the absence of a legislative definition of the system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, which leads to numerous scientific discussions, as a result of which some scientists refer to the system of law enforcement agencies as state agencies whose main task is performance of other tasks of the state, at the same time they perform only separate law enforcement works, scientists have proven that in the majority of administrative scientists operate with legislative acts, in which the legislator, based on the specifics of the law enforcement body, indicates that one or another state body is law enforcement body, at the same time there are opposing opinions. It was concluded that until the legislator resolves the issue of defining the system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, the aforementioned will affect the ability to properly ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. In order to determine the system of law enforcement agencies of the state, it is necessary to resolve this issue at the legislative level. Specific proposals for improving the activities of law enforcement agencies are offered.

Legal Basis for The Activities of Law Enforcement Agencies Under the Legal Regime of Martial Law

Problematic issues related to the legal basis of the activities of law enforcement agencies under the legal regime of martial law are caused by significant threats to Ukrainian statehood, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. These aspects have become particularly acute after February 24, 2022, as a result of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, which determines the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the study is to determine the legal basis for the activities of law enforcement agencies under the legal regime of martial law in the light of the latest socio-economic, ideological and security issues. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, logical and legal method and forecasting were used in the article. Within the scope of the study, separate organizational and legal principles were singled out, which most widely illustrate the depth of changes in the activities of law enforcement agencies under martial law. The principle of situational implementation of new services to help the population is reduced to the fact that law enforcement personnel provided services to accommodate the population in shelters, provide drinking water and food to vulnerable groups, etc. The rule here is that for there to be an effective content in countering a separation, there is that need in revealing the prism's that exist which will be able in preventing the measures used in preventing armed group which to a greater extent will continue to be a threat in State's building a stable foreign policies.

Prospects for the development of forensic fingerprinting in the context of digital transformation of society

The subject of the study is the provisions of the current criminal procedure legislation, the norms governing fingerprint registration, investigative, judicial and expert practice aimed at collecting, researching, storing and processing evidentiary information. The author sets the tasks to determine the main directions for further improvement of the collection, research of fingerprint information, its accounting in the context of digital transformation taking place in society. The paper considers available and promising technologies, methods and techniques in the field of forensic fingerprinting. The legal aspects of the use of fingerprinting in the practice of combating crime have been studied. The problems in the field of legal regulation of biometric registration, technical and forensic support for the activities of law enforcement agencies in the field of collecting, researching and evaluating fingerprint evidence information are identified and ways to resolve them are proposed. The research methodology includes the following methods: observations, comparisons, descriptions, experiments, as well as special technical and forensic methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author has identified promising areas for further development of forensic fingerprinting in the context of digital transformation of society. The author presents them through the prism of consistent and interrelated directions – collection, research, accounting and use of information. When collecting, attention is drawn to the possibilities of expert light sources, digital detection technologies, recording of trace information, and its verification by accounting. A legal justification of this activity is being carried out, new complexes of forensic tools such as smart cameras are being proposed. At the stage of fingerprint information research, the author draws attention to modern and promising techniques and technical means. Particular importance is attached to the prospects of research on micro-signatures, further diagnostic studies, as well as the development of specialized software and hardware complexes aimed at solving these tasks. During registration, the author draws attention to the need to take into account biometric parameters within a single system.

Problems of Countering Social Engineering Technologies as an Element of Criminal Activity

The article examines the problems of countering social engineering technologies as an element of criminal activity and suggests ways to solve them. The circumstances that cause an increased public danger of criminal activity, the method of which is social engineering technologies, have been identified. Among these circumstances, the following are investigated: the variability and diversity of methods used by criminals to commit socially dangerous acts and harm the victim; the reasons for the high latency of these crimes; the high prevalence of such crimes in various areas of criminal activity, especially related to the use of information and telecommunication networks and IT technologies. A range of problems is described, the solution of which will increase the effectiveness of countering crimes, the methods of which are social engineering. Among the identified problems are: the lack of terminological certainty; the lack of “information hygiene” among most citizens; insufficient consideration of the psychological characteristics of the target victim as a victim factor that determines the choice of specific methods of social engineering in relation to this victim. The article analyzes the activities of law enforcement agencies for the prevention of crimes, the method of which is social engineering, in order to increase the effectiveness of combating them. The potential possibilities of increasing the victimological safety of “risk groups” from crimes committed using “manipulative” information systems and methods are revealed.