Activity Of Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase Research Articles

Toxicopathological impact of sub-lethal concentrations of lead nitrate on the gill of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

In recent studies, fish are heavily used as biomarkers of aquatic pollution, and heavy metals are among the main contributors to water pollution. In the present study, we investigated histopathological changes along with alterations in localization and activity of enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER) and Na+/K+-ATPase in the gill tissues of Indian stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to two different concentrations (0.4 and 4 mg/L) of lead nitrate for 15 days. Histopathological examination of gill tissues revealed hypertrophy and swelling of epithelial cells, the fusion of epithelium of gill filaments and secondary lamellae, and alteration of secondary lamellae structure. Biochemical assays and histochemical localization show a pronounced effect on enzyme alkaline phosphatase activity and acid phosphatase in the gills of both groups of treated groups. In contrast, a significant decrease was noticed in the enzymatic response including catalase and peroxidase activity. Being a vital organ gill reflects the fish's physiological condition and the severity of the contamination in the surrounding environment. Gill is also the prime organ of osmoregulation in teleosts. Decreased activity of Na+/K+-ATPase suggests lead as a potent inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase that causes sodium hyperregulation. Alteration in the activity of metabolic enzymes reflects the level of tissue damage and metabolic disruption. At the same time, the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes states the condition of oxidative stress. Haematological parameters also altered with the lead nitrate exposure, reflecting metal toxicity and immune response against it. Meanwhile, this study also provides a potential use of H. fossilis as a biomarker for aquatic pollution.

Homo- and heteroleptic Zinc(II) carboxylates: Synthesis, structural characterization, and assessment of their biological significance in in vitro models

A series of five new zinc(II) complexes of 2-phenylbutyric acid comprising of one homoleptic (1) and four heteroleptic (2–5) complexes were synthesized under open beaker conditions. The behavior of the complexes in the solid and solution state was explored through FT-IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy, respectively. Crystallographic data have revealed that complexes 2 and 3 crystallized in monoclinic and triclinic crystal system, respectively, with a distorted octahedral geometry, whereas complex 4 crystallized in monoclinic crystal system with a pentagonal geometry around the zinc(II) atom. All the complexes have been screened for enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) inhibition, in vitro hemolysis and antileishmanial activity, DNA and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) interaction. The increase in the concentration of complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5 remarkably decreases the activity of enzyme alkaline phosphatase, whereas complex 3 was found inactive. The behavior of the complexes as a potent drug is clear from the results of hemolysis and antileishmanial activity against promastigote. The UV–Vis spectroscopic data of complexes–DNA interactions suggested a surface binding mode whereas the interaction of CTAB with complexes, studied through conductometry, confirmed strong interacting ability of complexes with CTAB.

WITHDRAWN: Microstructure and in vitro evaluation of β-TCP/ZrO2-phosphate-based bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract Scaffolds have been showed to be an option for bone tissue regeneration, owing to their excellent results in architecture design, composition, and functionality. Consequently, scaffolds can function as implants to repair bones and guide regeneration, enabling the complete restoration of tissue functionality at their implantation site. In the present research, three different scaffold compositions of beta tricalcium phosphate/phosphate-based bioglass reinforced with zirconia V1, VZ0.5, and VZ1.0 (0, 0.5, and 1 mol%) were studied. All the scaffolds showed excellent results in relation to bioactivity in simulated body fluid and osteoconductivity in cell-culture media. The formation of crystalline aggregates with a typical cauliflower-like morphology in the HA phase was observed in vitro tests in the scaffolds dipped in simulated body fluid and with preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. On the other hand, it would be possible analyzed the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation at days 7 and 14, having a significant effect on cell proliferation the zirconia. Due to the, it modified the scaffold surface, enabling better cell adhesion, a crucial step, and then cell proliferation. Collagen formation and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in all the samples, indicating that the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells take part in the process of bone regeneration. Exhibiting the potential use of the scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue.

곰피가 갱년기 장애 유도 흰쥐의 골 대사 지표물질의 변화에 미치는 영향

Menopause is often associated with the incidence of several chronic diseases including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the possibility of osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) extracts on bone turnover markers in ovariectomized rats. For this study, the following four groups of 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated over 6 weeks: normal rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON) and ovariectomized rats that were treated with ES extracts. We measured the osteocalcin and C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx) content, enzyme ALP activity in serum and collagen content in the cartilage, bone, skin and lungs. We found that the levels of indicators of bone metabolism such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and CTx were lower in rats in the ES extract group than the OVX-CON group. In addition, the collagen contents in the bone, cartilage, skin and lungs decreased in response to ovariectomy, but the levels of collagen were greater in the bone of rats that were treated with ES extract than in the bone of rats in the OVX-CON group. These results suggest that the ES may be an effective functional food to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Osteoblasts response to microstructured and nanostructured polyimide film, processed by the use of silica bead microlenses

The surface of polyimide films was modified by the use of silica microspheres as microlenses to focus radiation emitted by an excimer laser. The resultant surface had both microstructures and nanostructures. Physical and chemical characterization was performed by atomic force and Fourier transform–infrared microscopy. Laser processing resulted in surfaces that had similar roughness but different component frequencies. Chemical changes were not observed with the techniques used. The response of osteoblasts to the surface was assayed by measuring their metabolic activity and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase activity, after 24 hours of growth. Cytoskeleton and expression were both investigated. Metabolic activity was similar on treated and untreated samples. Total cell number and size were increased on microstructured polymer, where specific structures were observed (protrusions). Adhesion was noted, and the actin cytoskeleton showed normal morphology. Cells on nanostructured samples had a diffuse actin network and less mature adhesions as compared with the control. From the Clinical Editor Polyimide films with microstructure and nanostructure surface elements were studied from the standpoint of osteoblast response. Total cell number and size were increased on microstructured polymer and protrusions were also observed. Adhesion was noted and the actin cytoskeleton exhibited normal morphology. Cells on nanostructured samples had a diffuse actin network and less mature adhesions.

Enzyme-histochemical determination of human bone growth activity in postmortem material.

Autopsy material from calvarian bones and sutures of two children, was used to determine growth activity by measuring enzyme alkaline Phosphatase activity. In the extremely active periosteum of the 2-day-old boy, differences in growth activity could be demonstrated by reduction of the temperature of the incubation medium from room temperature to 4 C.