Activity Intervention For Adults Research Articles

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel web-based physical activity intervention in adults with overweight/obesity: A pilot randomized controlled trial

BackgroundOnly 14% of adults with obesity attain federal guidelines for physical activity (PA), but few interventions address obesity-specific barriers to PA. We designed the web-based Physical Activity for The Heart (PATH) intervention to address this gap. PurposeTest the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of PATH for promoting PA and reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults with overweight/obesity. MethodsIn a 12-week pilot RCT, participants were randomized to PATH (n = 41) or wait-list control (n = 41) groups. Treatment group received access to PATH and met twice/month with a remote coach. The control group received a self-help PA guide and newsletters on general health. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed via Actigraph-GT3X, steps via Fitbit Charge 2™, weight via smart scale, blood pressure (BP) via Omron BP device, and lipids/HbAIC via dry blood spot. Linear mixed modeling examined between- and within-group differences in PA and CVD risk. ResultsThe sample (N = 82) was on average 55.9 ± 8.2 years old; mean BMI 35.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2; 57.3% white and 80.5% female. Recruitment lasted 6-months, and 12-week retention was 96.3%. Treatment group accessed PATH ≥twice/week (92.1%), spent ≥10 min/visit (89.5%) and thought the site was culturally appropriate (79%). At 12 wks, the PATH group had greater mean changes in weekly MVPA (+58.9 vs. +0.9 min, p = .024) and daily steps (+1246.4 vs. -64.2 steps, p = .002) compared to the control group. Also, the PATH group improved in weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference, and BP (p < .05). ConclusionThe PATH intervention is feasible/acceptable and demonstrated preliminary efficacy for promoting PA among adults with overweight/obesity.

Physical activity interventions for adults with hearing loss: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that adults with hearing loss engage in less physical activity than those without, which may increase the risk of chronic health conditions. This review aimed to systematically evaluate existing evidence assessing the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in adults with hearing loss. The review also aimed to identify the behaviour change techniques used in the included studies. A systematic search of the literature was completed and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis. Two studies met the eligibility criteria, both found overall improvements for physical function, namely, aerobic fitness and muscle strength in adults with hearing loss. Limited evidence was available for the impact on psychosocial wellbeing. The evidence was judged to be of low quality and subject to bias. Further theoretically driven, high-quality intervention studies that incorporate additional behaviour techniques (e.g., providing additional environmental cues) are necessary.

The effectiveness of low-dosed outpatient biopsychosocial interventions compared to active physical interventions on pain and disability in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain: Asystematic review with meta-analysis.

To evaluate the effectiveness of low-dosed outpatient biopsychosocial interventions versus active physical interventions on pain intensity and disability in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Research has shown that primary care biopsychosocial interventions (PCBI) can reduce pain intensity and disability. While scattered studies support low-dosed (≤ 15 treatment hours) PCBI, no systematic review exists comparing the effectiveness of low-dosed PCBI treatment with traditional physical activity interventions in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP). Randomized controlled trials that evaluate low-dosed PCBI compared to physical treatment with an active component such as exercise, physical activity or usual physiotherapy treatment for adult participants (18 years or older), who suffer from CLBP were included. Not recommended interventions that feature only passive therapies, spinal surgery or pharmacological treatment, and studies with inpatient multidisciplinary-based rehabilitation (MBR) were excluded. Databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2021. Language was restricted to English or German. Keywords and derivatives of "chronic back pain", "exercise intervention", "cognitive-behavioral therapy", "primary care" and "randomized controlled trials" were used. Sources were CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid Medline, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed and Web of Science. Search was finished on March 08, 2022. Data appraisal, extraction and synthesis followed JBI guidance for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Risk of Bias was assessed using JBI 13-item checklist for randomized controlled trials. The GRADE approach for grading the certainty of evidence was followed. PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022302771. Eighteen RCTs were found eligible and 15 trials comprising a total of 1531 participants suffering from CLBP were entered in the meta-analyses. Risk of Bias was low. Overall evidence was moderate. Significant effects in favor of PCBI were found for pain intensity post-treatment (standardized mean difference (SMD)=-1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-1.84 to -0.34, I2 =97%, p=0.004) as well as at short-term (SMD=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.39 to -0.08, I2 =0%, p=0.004), long term (SMD=-0.79, 95% CI=-1.42 to -0.17, I2 =96%, p=0.01) and very long-term (SMD=-1.13, 95% CI=-1.93 to -0.33, I2 =94%, p=0.005) follow-up. Significant effects in favor of PCBI for physical function were found post-treatment (SMD=-1.33, 95% CI=-2.17 to -0.49, I2 =97%, p=0.002) at short-term (SMD=-0.20, 95% CI=-0.36 to -0.04, I2 =0%, p=0.01) and at long-term follow-up (SMD=-1.17, 95% CI=-2.06 to -0.28, I2 =98%, p=0.01). The results were characterized by high heterogeneity due to different types (cognitive behavioral therapy, pain-neuroscience education, mindfulness, and motivation), delivery modes (individual and/or group), durations (3-12 weeks) and contact times (2-15 h) of PCBI. In sensitivity analysis outliers were removed to reduce heterogeneity. The results remained significant for pain intensity at short-term (SMD=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.39 to -0.08, I2 =0%, p=0.004) and long-term follow-up (SMD=-0.22, 95% CI=-0.41 to -0.03, I2 =39%, p=0.02). This meta-analysis suggests that low-dosed PCBI has favorable effects in terms of disability and pain intensity compared to active physical treatments alone. All conducted meta-analyses indicate that biopsychosocial interventions produce better outcomes than active physical treatment alone. Therefore, we strongly recommend decision makers and clinical practitioners to analyze how psychosocial elements can be introduced into outpatient (low-dosed) CLBP interventions.

Abstract 13572: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of a Novel YouTube Based Physical Activity Intervention in Adults With Overweight/Obesity

Background: Only 14% of adults with obesity attain the national recommended guidelines for physical activity (PA). Yet, there is a paucity of interventions designed to address individuals’ barriers to PA. We designed a web-based Physical Activity for The Heart (PATH) intervention to address this gap. Purpose: To test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of PATH in promoting PA and reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults with overweight/obesity. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 12-week follow-up, participants were randomized to PATH (n=41) or wait-list control (n=41) groups. The PATH group received access to the PATH website and met twice/month with a remote coach. The control group received a self-help PA guide and twice/month newsletters on general health. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was assessed via waist-worn Actigraph GT3X, steps via Fitbit Charge 2™, weight via smart scale, blood pressure (BP) via Omron BP machine, and lipids and HbA1C via dry blood spot. Generalized linear mixed modeling was applied to examine between- and within-group differences in PA, adherence to PA, and CVD risk factors. Results: The sample (N=82) was on average 55.9 ±8.2 years old; 57.3% white; 80.5% female; 79% obese (BMI 35.5 ±6.2 kg/m 2 ;) and 62.2% had ≥4yr of college. Recruitment lasted 6 months, and retention was 96.3%. Nearly all intervention participants accessed the PATH website ≥twice/week (92.1%), spent ≥10 min/visit (89.5%), and reported that the site was very appealing (68.4%), navigable (97.4%) and culturally appropriate (79%). At 12 weeks, the PATH group had greater mean changes in weekly MVPA (+59.2 min vs. +1.1 min, p=.024) and daily steps (+1,243.9 steps vs. -61.1 steps, p=.002) compared to the control group. While no between-group differences were detected for meeting the national PA guidelines or CVD risk factors over time, the PATH group showed modest but significant improvements in weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference, and systolic BP (all p&lt;.05). Conclusion: This pilot RCT demonstrated that the PATH intervention is feasible and acceptable and provided preliminary efficacy in promoting PA among adults with overweight/obesity. Work is in progress to test the PATH intervention in a larger scale RCT.

The effectiveness of low-dosed outpatient biopsychosocial interventions compared to active physical interventions on pain and disability in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain: A protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis

Best outpatient treatment of nonspecific chronic low back pain is high-dosed exercise that is maintained after therapy. Primary care biopsychosocial intervention (PCBI) is an outpatient multicomponent intervention that includes an active component (exercise, physical activity, or physiotherapy) and at least one psychological, social, or occupational component. Research has shown that PCBI can reduce pain intensity and disability. While scattered studies support low-dosed (<15 treatment hours) PCBI, there is no systematic review comparing the effectiveness of low-dosed PCBI treatment with traditional physical activity interventions in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP). Randomised controlled trials that evaluate low-dosed outpatient biopsychosocial interventions compared to physical treatment with an active component such as exercise, physical activity or usual physiotherapy treatment for adult participants (18 years or older) who suffer from nonspecific CLBP will be included. A comprehensive search of multiple databases will be used to find relevant studies. The databases will be searched from inception to December 2021, with English or German language restrictions imposed. Keywords and derivatives of "chronic back pain", "exercise intervention", "cognitive-behavioral therapy", "primary care" and "randomized controlled trials" will be used. Sources will include CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid Medline, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed and Web of Science. To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis of narrowly defined low- dosed PCBI across populations with nonspecific chronic low back pain. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dosed outpatient biopsychosocial interventions versus physical active interventions on pain intensity and disability in adults with CLBP. This study will provide evidence that could improve treatment options for patients with nonspecific CLBP. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022302771. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022302771.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of weight loss in control group participants of lifestyle randomized trials

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of lifestyle modification have reported beneficial effects of interventions, compared to control. Whether participation in the control group has benefits is unknown. To determine whether control group participants experience weight loss during the course of RCTs. After prospective registration (PROSPERO CRD42021233070), we conducted searches in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library and Clinicaltrials.gov databases from inception to May 2021 without language restriction to capture RCTs on dietary advice or physical activity interventions in adults with overweight, obesity or metabolic syndrome. Data extraction and study quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers. Weight loss in the control group, i.e., the difference between baseline and post-intervention, was pooled using random effects model generating mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistical test. Subgroup meta-analysis was performed stratifying by follow-up period, type of control group protocols and high-quality studies. Among the 22 included studies (4032 participants), the risk of bias was low in 9 (40%) studies. Overall, the controls groups experienced weight loss of − 0.41 kg (95% CI − 0.53 to − 0.28; I2 = 73.5% p < 0.001). To identify a result that is an outlier, we inspected the forest plot for spread of the point estimates and the confidence intervals. The magnitude of the benefit was related to the duration of follow-up (− 0.51 kg, 95% CI − 0.68, − 0.3, for 1–4 months follow-up; − 0.32 kg, 95% CI − 0.58, − 0.07, 5–12 months; − 0.20 kg, 95% CI − 0.49, 0.10, ≥ 12 months). In high-quality studies we found an overall weight loss mean difference of − 0.16 (95% CI − 0.39, 0.09) with a considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 74%; p < 0.000). Among studies including control group in waiting lists and combining standard care, advice and material, no heterogeneity was found (I2 = 0%, p = 0.589) and (I2 = 0%, p = 0.438); and the mean difference was − 0.84 kg (95% CI − 2.47, 0.80) and − 0.65 kg (95% CI − 1.03, − 0.27) respectively. Participation in control groups of RCTs of lifestyle interventions had a benefit in terms of weight loss in meta-analysis with heterogeneity. These results should be used to interpret the benefits observed with respect to intervention effect in trials. That control groups accrue benefits should be included in patient information sheets to encourage participation in future trials among patients with overweight and obesity.

Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Effect of Therapeutic Interventions on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Adults with Neurological Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

<h3>Objective(s)</h3> The objective is to quantify the changes in gait after therapeutic intervention in the adults with neurological disorders. <h3>Data Sources</h3> A keyword search was performed in four databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science (01/2000-12/2020). We performed the search algorithm including all possible combinations of keywords. Full text articles were searched further using forward/backward search. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Studies were thoroughly screened on the following inclusion criteria: Study design: Randomized Controlled trial (RCT); older adults aged >55 with a neurological disorder; therapeutic intervention; spatial and temporal gait characteristics; Language: English. <h3>Data Extraction</h3> A standardized data extraction form was used to collect the following methodological outcome variables from each of the included studies: author, year, population, age, sample size, spatiotemporal gait parameters such as cadence, step length, step width, double limb support. <h3>Data Synthesis</h3> We included 19 out of 35 studies in meta-analysis on adults with neurological disorders. All analysis used effect sizes and standard error; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Overall, we found that sensory stimulation has the largest effect on step length in adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) (z= 5.44, p < 0.01) relative to effect of balance (z=0.97, p>0.05), electrical stimulation (z=2.42, p < 0.05) or physical activity (z=1.26, p>0.05) on step length. Further, physical activity has the largest effect on cadence in adults with PD (z=2.84, p < 0.01) relative to sensory stimulation (z=2.59, p=0.01). For stroke, conventional physical therapy has largest effect (z=3.43, p < 0.01) on step length. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Sensory stimulation especially, auditory, and somatosensory stimulation while walking had largest effect on step length in adults with PD. We also found that conventional PT did better on spatial gait parameter relative to other physical activity interventions in adults with PD and stroke. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> There is nothing to disclose.

Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in older adults with frailty or prefrailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Physical activity is known to prevent frailty and reduce its consequences; however, it remains unclear which interventions are optimal for older adults with frailty. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify effective physical activity interventions in improving outcomes related to frailty.Methods:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL (inception to July 2019) for English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity interventions in adults aged 65 years or more who were prefrail or frail; we included observational and cohort studies when there were no RCT data. Outcomes of interest were frailty, mobility, physical function, cognitive function, use of health care services and quality of life. After data extraction, we assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool for RCTs and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies, rated the certainty of evidence with the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach, and assessed statistical and methodologic heterogeneity.Results:We identified 26 studies (24 RCTs [1 of which did not have any relevant outcomes for extraction] and 2 observational studies) involving 8022 prefrail or frail older adults. Nine studies had low risk of bias, 2 had high risk of bias, and for 13 the risk of bias was unclear. The trials included mixed (aerobic and muscle-strengthening) (n = 13), muscle-strengthening (n = 8), mobilization and rehabilitation (n = 4) or aerobic (n = 1) activities. Significant effects were found for mobility (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37 to 0.83), activities of daily living (SMD 0.50, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.84), cognitive function (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.61), quality of life (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.07) and frailty (SMD −1.29, 95% CI −2.22 to −0.36; risk ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.93), with moderate certainty of evidence.Interpretation:There is low-to moderate-level evidence that various physical activity interventions are beneficial for prefrail and frail older adults. Studies need to better define frailty to ensure the identification and implementation of such interventions into clinical practice. PROSPERO registration:CRD42020144556

A dyadic approach for a remote physical activity intervention in adults with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers: Rationale and design for an 18-month randomized trial

Adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) and their caregivers represent a sizeable and underserved segment of the population with low levels of moderate physical activity (MPA). Options for increasing MPA in community dwelling adults with ADRD and their caregivers are limited. A home-based physical activity intervention delivered remotely via video conferencing to groups of adults with ADRD and their caregivers (RGV), represents a potentially effective approach for increasing MPA in this group. We will conduct an 18-month randomized trial (6 mos. Active intervention, 6 mos. Maintenance, 6 mos. no contact) to compare the effectiveness of the RGV approach with usual care, enhanced with caregiver support (EUC), for increasing MPA in 100 community dwelling adults with ADRD and their caregiver. The primary aim is to compare MPA (min/wk.), assessed by accelerometer, across the 6-mo. active intervention in adults with ADRD randomized to RGV or EUC. Secondarily, we will compare adults with ADRD and their caregivers randomized to RGV or ECU on the following outcomes across 18 mos.: MPA (min/wk.), sedentary time (min/wk.), percentage meeting 150 min/wk. MPA goal, functional fitness, activities of daily living, quality of life, residential transitions, cognitive function, and caregiver burden. Additionally, we will evaluate the influence of age, sex, BMI, attendance (exercise/support sessions), use of recorded sessions, self-monitoring, peer interactions during group sessions, caregiver support, type and quality of dyadic relationship, and number of caregivers on changes in MPA in adults with ADRD and their caregiver across 18 mos.

The implementation of a physical activity intervention in adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea over the age of 50\u2009years: a feasibility uncontrolled clinical trial

BackgroundObstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Observational studies suggested that OSA treatment might reduce CVD and T2D but RCTs failed to support these observations in part due to poor adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Physical activity (PA) has been shown to have favourable impact on CVD and the risk of T2D independent of its impact on weight and therefore might provide additional health gains to patients with OSA, whether or not adherent to CPAP.MethodsThe main aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of providing a 12-week PA intervention to adults aged over 50 with OSA. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of the PA intervention on OSA severity. Patients with moderate-severe OSA (apnoea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/hour (based on overnight ApneaLink™) were recruited in response to posters displayed in workplaces. A 12-week daily PA intervention was delivered in participant’s home setting and PA was monitored via text and validated by objective PA measures (GT3X accelerometers).ResultsThe intervention was feasible as all 10 patients (8 males, mean (SD) age 57.3 (6.01)) completed the intervention and PA increased across the 12-weeks. The duration of PA increased from baseline (113.1 min (64.69) per week to study-end following the intervention (248.4 min (148.31) (p = 0.02). Perceived Exertion (RPE) (physical effort) increased significantly between baseline (M = 10.7 (1.94)) to end of intervention (M = 13.8, (1.56) (p < 0.001). The intervention had no significant impact on weight or composition. Following the intervention, there was a statistically non-significant a reduction in AHI from baseline to study end (22.3 (7.35) vs. 15.8 (7.48); p = 0.09).ConclusionIt is feasible to deliver a PA intervention to adults aged over 50 with OSA. The intervention resulted in improved PA and AHI levels somewhat and seemingly independent of weight changes. Future trials need to examine whether PA can reduce the burden of OSA associated comorbidities.Trial registrationCTN: ISRCTN11016312 Retrospectively Registered 21/07/20.

Physical activity interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer.

Physical activity interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer.

A Dyadic Approach for a Remote Physical Activity Intervention in Adults With AD and Their Caregivers

A Dyadic Approach for a Remote Physical Activity Intervention in Adults With AD and Their Caregivers

Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: Cochrane systematic review

BackgroundCurrent recommendations for patients with irritable bowel syndrome to partake in physical activity do not incorporate evidence from all available randomised control trials (RCTs), with little information regarding potential adverse effects.AimTo assess the benefits and harms of physical activity interventions in adults diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome.MethodTen electronic databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched until 24 November 2017 for RCTs comparing a physical activity intervention with no intervention, usual care, or another intervention; assessing a validated measure of symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and bowel movement in any setting.ResultsNine RCTs with data for 326 participants were included. Interventions included yoga (n = 5), advice and support (n = 2), treadmill exercise (n = 1), and Qigong (n = 1) compared with usual care (n = 4), walking (n = 2), diet (n = 1), or medication only (n = 2). A meta-analysis of three studies demonstrated a large and statistically significant improvement in reported IBS symptoms (standardised mean difference −1.06, 95% confidence interval = −2.08 to −0.04; N = 84). However, evidence was rated as very low quality, providing very little confidence in the effect estimate. In additional meta-analyses, physical activity did not conclusively demonstrate improvements in QoL or abdominal pain. The quality of evidence was judged very low and low respectively, providing little confidence in the effect estimates. There was insufficient evidence to assess adverse effects due to poor trial reporting.ConclusionA small body of low to very-low quality evidence suggests physical activity may improve symptoms but not QoL or abdominal pain in people with irritable bowel syndrome but findings are uncertain.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in adults with breast cancer by physical activity type and mode of participation.

Engaging in physical activity following a diagnosis in breast cancer patients improves both survival rates and psychosocial health outcomes. The factors influencing the effectiveness of physical activity interventions for breast cancer patients remain unclear. This systematic review focuses on two questions: are there differences in outcomes depending on; the mode of physical activity undertaken; and whether group-based, or individual, programmes are proposed. Five databases were searched (PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Central). Randomised control trials were included if they reported an intervention aiming to increase physical activity amongst breast cancer patients. A total of 1561 records were screened with 17 studies identified for final inclusion. Data extraction and risk of bias analysis were undertaken. A meta-analysis was not possible due to methodological differences between studies. Findings indicate no evident differences in outcomes based on exercise mode adopted. There are some indications that group interventions may have additional beneficial outcomes, in comparison to individual interventions, but this conclusion cannot be drawn definitively due to confounds within study designs, lack of group-based intervention designs, and overall lack of long-term intervention effects. Although there are no indications of negative intervention effects, only 6 of 17 trials demonstrated significant intervention effects were maintained. Greater transparency in reporting of interventions, and research enabling a comparison of physical activity delivery and mode is needed to determine optimum physical activity interventions to maintain patient physical activity and outcomes.

Methodological evaluation of leisure-time physical activity interventions in adults with obesity: a systematic review

The aim of the present study was to systematize and analyze the methodological quality of physical activity interventions in leisure time in obese adults. A systematic review was conducted between June and August 2017 through four electronic databases (PubMed, Lilacs, ScienceDirect and Web of Science). A total of two researchers selected articles and, through consensus, analyzed these articles using the RE-AIM framework, which aims to identify the following dimensions: reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of interventions. Of the 2,334 articles selected, nine met all eligibility criteria. The mean duration of the interventions was 14 weeks, with strategies including mainly aerobic exercises and nutritional monitoring. When the individual studies were taken into consideration, 67% reported at least one category of each dimension. The dimension with the highest reported proportion was “reach”, found in 65% of the interventions. The “effectiveness”, “adoption” (organizational and staff), “implementation” and “maintenance” dimensions (individual and organizational) were reported in less than 40% of the items investigated for this information. The conclusion is that most of intervention studies reported the “reach” dimension, while only a few described “maintenance”. Thus, it is suggested that future studies should previously look at the presentation of the total effect of the intervention and the methods applied, offering detailed information about each procedure. The scientific and practical scenario will provide relevant information about construction, application and subsequent follow-up of the interventions in leisure-time physical activity for obese adults.

Scoping Review of Dance for Adults With Fibromyalgia: What Do We Know About It?

BackgroundFibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread muscular tenderness, pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Nonpharmacological treatment options, such as physical activity, are important for people with fibromyalgia. There are strong recommendations to support engagement in physical activity for symptom management among adults with fibromyalgia. Dance is a mode of physical activity that may allow individuals with fibromyalgia to improve their physical function, health, and well-being. Dance has the potential to promote improved pain processing while simultaneously providing the health and social benefits of engaging in physical activity that contributes to symptom management and overall function rehabilitation. However, we are unaware of current evidence on dance as a nonpharmacological/physical activity intervention for adults with fibromyalgia.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to understand how dance is used therapeutically by individuals with fibromyalgia; to examine the extent, range and nature of research activity in the area; and to determine the value of undertaking a systematic review of interventions.MethodsWe used and adapted the Arksey and O’Malley scoping framework. The search strategy involved a comprehensive search of main health and electronic social databases, trial registries and grey literature without language limits. Pairs of reviewers independently screened and extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality of randomized control trials.ResultsTwenty-one unique records for 13 studies met inclusion criteria; the studies included mostly middle-aged women. Types of dance included were aerobic dance, belly dance, dance movement therapy, biodanza and Zumba. Intervention parameters were different among studies. Frequency varied between one to three times a week; all were done in small group settings. Studies evaluated a variety of outcomes in the symptoms, wellness, psychosocial, physical functioning, balance and fitness categories; no studies evaluated the safety or adverse events systematically which is a major weakness of the literature.ConclusionsThere are few studies in the field of dance and fibromyalgia, suggesting research is in its infancy but slowly growing. They are of European and South American origin, focusing on female participants and a limited number of dance modes. Because the body of literature is small, of low quality and highly heterogeneous, we concluded that a systematic review of interventions on dance is not warranted at this time.

Appraising the effects of physical activity interventions on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and obesity

Background: The increase in the global population has placed extra burdens on health services. This is due to the increased risks of cardiovascular disease, with more people falling into the overweight and obese categories. Developed public health interventions prevent risks of health complications, promoting healthier lifestyles and prolonging the quality of life. Those motivated adopt new methods to become healthier. On the other hand, those less motivated are at risk of being overweight and leading a sedentary lifestyle. In 2014, the World Health Organisation (WHO) established that non-communicable diseases were the leading cause of global deaths. Aim: This systematic review critically evaluates the effects of physical activity interventions in adults (18–65 years), and the impact on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Methods: Nineteen items of literature published between 2000 and 2016 were examined using quality of assessment tools. These provided a greater understanding of the effectiveness of physical activity interventions. Outcomes: The complexity of this topic was experienced, with many aspects (such as inter- and intra-personal factors) affecting the effectiveness of physical activity interventions. It was noted that continuous support should be provided during the intervention period, motivating participants by increasing engagement through peer support and group activities, providing long-term sustainability of the willingness to adopt lifestyle changes. Further recommendations examining quantitative data analysis were suggested, exploring how physical activity intensity affects the risks of metabolic syndromes. Social behaviour and its effects on food consumption was also highlighted for further research, enhancing future public health interventions.

Physical activity and exercise interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer

Physical activity and exercise interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer

Dance for Adults With Fibromyalgia-What Do We Know About It? Protocol for a Scoping Review.

BackgroundFibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread muscular tenderness, pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Nonpharmacological treatment options, such as physical activity, are important for people with fibromyalgia. There are strong recommendations to support engagement in physical activity for symptom management among adults with fibromyalgia. Dance is a mode of physical activity that may allow individuals with fibromyalgia to improve their physical function, health, and well-being. Dance has the potential to promote improved pain processing while simultaneously providing the health and social benefits of engaging in physical activity that contributes to symptom management. However, we are unaware of current evidence on dance as a nonpharmacological/physical activity intervention for adults with fibromyalgia.ObjectiveThe aims of the study are to provide an overview of the extant evidence to understand how dance is used for individuals with fibromyalgia; to examine the extent, range, and nature of research activity in the area; and to determine the value of undertaking a full systematic review.MethodsScoping reviews are useful to comprehensively and systematically map the literature and identify key evidence, or research gaps. The search strategy will involve electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS), Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), International Bibliography of Theatre and Dance, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Trip, Proquest Theses/Dissertations, Web of Science, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The study will be mapped in seven stages: (1) identifying the research questions, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting the studies, (4) charting the data, (5) collating, summarizing and reporting the results, (6) consulting, and (7) disseminating the knowledge.ResultsThe search, title, and abstract are now completed; full text screening was carried out and authors are awaiting interlibrary loans and translations. Data extraction will start shortly after full text ‘screening’ is completed. Completion is expected in Fall 2017.ConclusionsTo our knowledge this will be the first attempt to systematically identify knowledge of dance as a potential intervention for adults with fibromyalgia. This scoping review offers a feasible means for describing the evidence specific to dance and fibromyalgia; results will provide unique insights concerning the breadth and depth of literature in the area. An analysis of this body of literature as a whole may reveal new research directions or unknown ways this intervention could strengthen current management approaches of the disease.