Activity In STZ-induced Diabetic Rats Research Articles

BAAE-AgNPs Improve Symptoms of Diabetes in STZ-induced Diabetic Rats.

Nanoparticles can be employed to improve the therapeutic activity of natural products. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious health condition that has spread like a "modern pandemic" worldwide. In the present study, we developed silver nanoparticles, AgNPs, with an aqueous extract from Balanites aegyptiaca to investigate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds (BAAE) were used in the synthesis of BAAE-AgNPs, which were characterized using FTIR and TEM. Different doses of BAAE-AgNP (1/50 LD50; 29.4 mg/kg b.w. and 1/20 LD50:73.5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats to evaluate their potential antidiabetic activity. FTIR spectral data indicated the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in BAAE-AgNPs. The size of the BAAE-AgNPs, determined by TEM examination, was 49.33 ± 7.59 nm, with a zeta potential of +25.37. BAAE-AgNPs were characterized by an LD50 value of 1470 mg/kg b.w. In diabetic rats, the daily oral administration of both doses of BAAE-AgNPs (29.4 and 73.5 mg/kg b.w.) for 12 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in body weight, insulin homeostasis, HbA1c, HDL-C, MDA, and pancreatic SOD, CAT, and GSH. They reduced plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. This treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in pancreatic IL-6, P53, and TNF-α in diabetic rats. Furthermore, BAAE-AgNPs down-regulated pancreatic TGF-β1 and Akt gene expression in diabetic rats and resulted in a significant decrease in the regulation of hepatic GLUT-2, as well as an increase in the regulation of hepatic GK and pancreatic B-cl2 gene expression. The histopathological results obtained indicated that BAAE-AgNPs improved pancreatic tissue metabolism by enhancing antioxidant enzymes, suppressing inflammatory cytokines, and scavenging free radicals. The findings implied that similar to the glibenclamide-treated groups, in the BAAE-AgNPs treated group, the compromised antioxidant status normalized in STZ-induced diabetes. By scavenging free radicals, BAAE-AgNPs protected against lipid peroxidation while reducing the risk of complications from diabetes. Compared to the daily dose of 29.4 mg, the impact was more prominent at 73.5 mg.

Potent Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Terminalia Arjuna Fruits on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats

Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic endocrine and metabolic disorder, impacts the quality of life, and has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Now a day’s, herbal drugs are in great demand for the treatment of diabetes because of their traditional acceptability, lesser side effects, and adverse effects compared with allopathic medications. Terminalia arjuna fruits were selected for the study due to their abundant availability and based on ethanomedicinal folk claims. The fruits of Terminalia arjuna have been evaluated for their antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. In the study, two doses of ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna fruits (TAF) were selected and administered to normal rats for an oral glucose tolerance test. For an antidiabetic study in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the effect of the extract was observed for 28 days for blood glucose alterations. All experimental animals were observed for weight changes, due to STZ-induced diabetes, and were found to be significantly reverted to normal in all animals except the diabetic control group. After the completion of the experimental period, the collected serum samples were subjected to various biochemical parameters studied, including a lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urea, and creatinine level. An antioxidant study was performed using collected tissues, followed by histopathological studies of the pancreas. The research study revealed that the TAF extract has significant antidiabetic activity and the potential to revert the altered lipid profile and increase HbA1c to normal. TAF extract significantly normalized the urea, creatinine, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. Thus, the study concluded that TAF extract exhibits significant (p>0.05) antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Hepatoproective Nature of Aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima in STZ Induced Diabetic Rat Model

Diabetes is a chronic disease which characterized by hyperglycemia (elevated or abnormally high blood sugar levels) and other metabolic disturbances, including metabolism of lipids and haemostasis. Caesalpinia pulcherrima has previously showed strong anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective potential. The present research work was to investigate the anti-diabetic activity and hepatoprotective activity Caesalpinia pulcherrima in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. The dose-dependent effects of 45days oral treatment with methanol extract of plant (200 and 300mg/kg) of CPAE on body weight, blood glucose level, total protein, albumin, liver marker enzymes and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration methanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima of showed significant restoration of the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level, liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST ALP) and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were observed in diabetic rats. These results suggest that fruit extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima has valuable anti-diabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats which is comparable to the standard drug metformin and hence might be of use in the management of diabetes.

Phytochemicals of Periploca aphylla Dcne. ameliorated streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rat

BackgroundPeriploca aphylla is used by local population and indigenous medicine practitioners as stomachic, tonic, antitumor, antiulcer, and for treatment of inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate antidiabetic effect of the extract of P. aphylla and to investigate antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.MethodsThe present research was conducted to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of methanol extract of P. aphylla (PAM) and subfractions n-hexane (PAH), chloroform (PAC), ethyl acetate (PAE), n-butanol (PAB), and aqueous (PAA) in glucose-overloaded hyperglycemic Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on the efficacy, PAB (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was tested for its antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) in rat. Blood glucose values were taken weekly. HPLC-DAD analysis of PAB was carried out for the presence of various polyphenols.ResultsHPLC-DAD analysis of PAB recorded the presence of rutin, catechin, caffeic acid, and myricetin. Oral administration of PAB at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 21 days significantly restored (P < 0.01) body weight (%) and relative liver and relative kidney weight of diabetic rats. Diabetic control rats showed significant elevation (P < 0.01) of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, creatinine, total bilirubin, and BUN while reduced (P < 0.01) level of glucose, total protein, albumin, insulin, and HDL in serum. Count of blood cells and hematological parameters were altered in diabetic rats. Further, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and total soluble protein concentration decreased while concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and percent DNA damages increased (P < 0.01) in liver and renal tissues of diabetic rats. Histopathological damage scores increased in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats. Intake of PAB (400 mg/kg) resulted in significant improvement (P < 0.01) of above parameters, and results were comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide.ConclusionThe result suggests the antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of PAB treatment in STZ-compelled diabetic rat. PAB might be used as new therapeutic agent in diabetic patients to manage diabetes and decrease the complications.

Antidiabetic effects of P. macrocarpa ethanolic fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

BackgroundThe fruits of P. macrocarpa have long been used as a traditional Malay medicinal herb for hundreds of years. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa (EEPM) fruits at 100 and 200 mg/kg were given orally for 35 days, glibenclamide. In total, 0.5 mg/kg served as a positive control.ResultsThe present toxicity study suggests that the EEPM fruits are non-toxic. In an OGTT, the EEPM at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg and glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia due to glucose load 2 g/kg p.o.) significantly after 2 h of oral administration, when compared to the diabetic control. Repeated oral administration of EEPM daily for up to 35 days exhibited significant antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control. At the end of 35 days of treatment, the 200 mg/kg (EEPM) dose was found to be more effective than the 100 and 50 mg/kg (EEPM) doses and blood glucose levels decreased from 392.66 ± 3.20 to 174.33 ± 4.32 mg/dl (p ˂ 0.01). In contrast, on day 35, the blood glucose levels of the normal control, drug control, and diabetic control were 132.16 ± 5.79, 134.33 ± 7.18 (p ˂ 0.01), and 514.83 ± 7.96 respectively. From histology analysis, the pancreases of the diabetic control were granulated and dilated islet cells, whereas in the drug control they appeared granulated, without dilation and important hyper plasticity of islets. The treatment groups (EEPM 100 and 200 mg/kg) also showed granulated pancreatic islets and prominent hyper plasticity islets. Light micrographs in various regions of rat kidney tissue from the treatment groups showed absence of matrix expansion and glomerular basement membrane thickening, suggesting it became normal histoarchitecture of the renal. Biochemical aspects in treating animals’ all serum analytic parameters were almost similar to the drug control group with the exception of the 50 mg/kg treatment group.ConclusionIn this way, it may also serve as a good alternative in the present armamentarium of antidiabetic drugs.

Nutritional and Pharmacological Aspects of Water Chestnut

Nutritional and Pharmacological Aspects of Water Chestnut

Combinatory effect of hesperetin and mesenchymal stem cells on the deteriorated lipid profile, heart and kidney functions and antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Combinatory effect of hesperetin and mesenchymal stem cells on the deteriorated lipid profile, heart and kidney functions and antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats

New flavonoid with antidiabetic and antioxidant potential from Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) Deb leaves

Ethnomedicinal survey documents the traditional practices of Tetrastigma angustifolia leaves in the management of diabetes in the North-eastern region of India. The present study was aimed at isolation of possible antidiabetic principle(s) from T. angustifolia leaves and evaluation of antidiabetic efficacy of isolated compound(s) in experimental animal model. The methanolic extract of T. angustifolia leaves was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method and subjected to silica gel column chromatography (100-200 mesh). Fraction 18-176 chloroform:methanol (70:30) yielded a pale yellow colored compound. The structure of pure compound was elucidated with the help of UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometric/techniques. The antioxidant activity of the isolated compound was evaluated in vitro by various radical scavenfing assay methods.. Oral acute toxicity study was carried out according to OECD guideline 423 in Wistar rats. The antidiabetic efficacy of the isolated compound was evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for duration of 21 days. The present study reports a new flavocnoid compound isolated from the methanolic extract of T. angustifolia leaves and identified as 8-hydroxyapigenin 7-O-D-glucopyranoside. The flavonoid compound exhibited potent antidiabetic (hypoglicemic) activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats with promising antioxidant (radical scavenging activity) potential in vitro.

Effects of Pistacia atlantica resin oil on the level of VEGF, hydroxyproline, antioxidant and wound healing activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Effects of Pistacia atlantica resin oil on the level of VEGF, hydroxyproline, antioxidant and wound healing activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Antidiabetic studies of Chaetomorpha antennina extract using experimental models

Chaetomorpha antennina is a marine green alga found abundantly on the southern coast of India. This study explores the efficacy of C. antennina extracts in the management of diabetes using in vitro and in vivo models. The algal metabolites were extracted using various solvents and evaluated for inhibitory effect against key metabolic enzymes involved in blood sugar management and antioxidant property. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract of C. antennina (MECA) was found to be effective in all the inhibitory assays including, α-amylase (IC50 525.8 μg mL−1), α-glucosidase (IC50 121.3 μg mL−1), DPP-IV (IC50 24.92 μg mL−1) and antioxidant activity using DPPH (38 %) under in vitro conditions. In toxicity assays, MECA was nontoxic against mouse macrophage cells (J774) and red blood cells. Further, in vivo studies of MECA (250 mg kg−1 B.wt) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for a period of 28 days reduced the fasting blood glucose level to 39.97 % and that of positive control glibenclamide (0.25 mg kg−1 B.wt) was 73.05 % respectively. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST were significantly decreased after 28 days of MECA treatment. GC-MS analysis of MECA showed the presence of ascorbic acid, octadecadienoate and fucosterol which were already identified for antidiabetic action. Overall, this study shows that the MECA exhibits antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Therefore, MECA can be considered for further studies to evaluate its mechanism for the effective management of diabetes.

Anti-diabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Elaeocarpus serratus L. in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Elaeocarpus serratus fruit in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. The dose-dependent effects of 30days oral treatment with ethanol extracts of fruit (200 and 400 mg/kg) of E. serratus on body weight, blood glucose level, total protein, albumin, liver marker enzymes and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration ethanolic extract of fruit of E. serratus showed significant restoration of the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level, liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST ALP) and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were observed in diabetic rats. These results suggest that fruit extract of E. serratus has valuable anti-diabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats which is comparable to the standard drug glibenclamide and hence might be of use in the management of diabetes.

Postprandial Antihyperglycemic And Antioxidant Activities of Acalypha indica Linn Stem Extract: An In-vivo Study.

Background:α-glucosidase inhibitors controls postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) by lowering sharp rise in blood glucose levels after ingestion of carbohydrate rich meal in type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals. Acalypha indica commonly known as Indian copper leaf is used in traditional medicinal system to treat various diseases. In our previous in-vitro investigation, methanolic extract of A. indica stems (AIS) proved to be an effective a-glucosidase inhibitor, antioxidant, and well tolerated in acute and subchronic toxicity studies in albino wistar ratsObjective:In this perspective, this study was designed to evaluate postprandial antihyperglycemic potential of AIS in maltose, sucrose, and glucose loaded streptozotocin (STZ)-induced normal and diabetic rats. As, the acute hyperglycemia at postprandial period has more triggering effect on oxidative stress, study was also aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of AIS on STZ-induced Albino–Wistar rats.Materials and Methods:Rats were treated with AIS (300–600 mg/kg b.w.) to investigate effect of AIS in controling PPHG after carbohydrate loading. Hepatoprotective activity of AIS is evaluated in diabetic rats by treating them at the dosages 300–600 mg/kg b.w.Results:Studies revealed 69.10 and 80.35% blood glucose-lowering effect of AIS in maltose and sucrose loaded diabetic rats in comparison with the diabetic control group. AIS recovered the liver damage caused by streptozotocinConclusion:The present study confirmed high potential of AIS in controling PPHG by inhibiting a-glucosidase enzyme in maltose and sucrose loaded diabetic rats. AIS also exhibited hepatoprotective activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, AIS could be used as a nutraceutical supplement to treat T2D effectively.SUMMARY AIS extract is effective in suppressing maltose and sucrose-induced postprandial hyperglycemic spikes in ratsAIS treat ment showed a 69.10 and80.35% blood glucose-lowering effect in maltose and sucrose loaded diabetic rats in comparison with the diabetic control group.AIS also improved the antioxidant status in diabetic rats and also has recovered the liver damage caused by streptozotocin.The α-glucosidase inhibitor isolated from AIS is a good supplement to control postprandial blood glucose level in the management of type 2 diabetes. Abbreviations used: AIS: Acalypha indica Stems, ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase, b/w: Body Weight, PPHG: Postprandial hyperglycemia, SE: Standard Error, SGOT: Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, SGPT: Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, STZ: Streptozotocin, TB: Total Bilirubin, T2D: Type 2 diabetes

Evaluation of antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of Citrus sinensis peel extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activity potential of Citrus sinensis ethanolic peel extract in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The dose-dependent effects of 28-day oral treatment with ethanolic peel extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) from the plant of C. sinensis on blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma insulin, carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes (hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase), glycogen levels and lipid levels were determined after oral administration of a dose of C. sinensis (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) in diabetic groups. A significant decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid levels was observed in diabetic rats treated with C. sinensis. The activities of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes such as hexokinase were significantly increased whereas glucose-6-phosphatase was significantly decreased by the administration of C. sinensis in diabetic rats. A two-fold increase in insulin levels was observed, suggesting that the peel extract has an insulin secretory activity. The findings suggest that C. sinensis peel extract has potent antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of p-hydroxycinnamic acid on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that intake of p-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-HCA) regulates blood glucose levels and hypolipidemic responses in rats with diabetes mellitus induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats exhibited lower levels of body weight, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and higher levels of glucose, lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation markers in blood hepatic and renal tissues as compared with normal rats. In addition, diabetic rats showed decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Oral administration of p-HCA at the doses of 10, 20 and 40mg/kg BW. was given once daily started after the rise of blood glucose for 45days. Our result demonstrated that p-HCA administration could be lowered blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profiles and significant increase in plasma insulin, hemogloblin, and HDL. In addition exert protective action against oxidative markers, TBARS and lipid hydroperoxides and improves antioxidant. The overall results suggest that p-HCA possesses potential hyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The aqueous extract of Lycopus lucidus Turcz ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal damage via inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling pathway

Purpose Renal fibrosis characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix protein results in chronic renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway plays a key role in mediating renal fibrosis. Hence, agents that antagonize TGF-β signaling could be candidate for kidney disease therapy. Methods We established renal fibrosis model both in vitro with fibroblast cells treated with rhTGF-β1 and streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy rats model in vivo and evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract of Lycopus lucidus Turcz, the blood-circulation-promoting Chinese herb, on diabetic nephropathy and investigated the mechanism of action. Results We found that Lycopus suppressed rhTGF-β1-induced Smad2 and ERK1/2 activation, down-regulated the expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, Smad4 and Smad7 in SV40 MES13 cells without inhibiting cell viability. In vivo, lycopus inhibited Smad2 phosphorylation, reduced mRNA level of TGF-β1, ameliorated expansion of the mesangial area in glomerular tissue and reduced the levels of Scr and BUN of serum and total-SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion Lycopus is a novel inhibitor of renal fibrosis by blocking TGF-β signaling pathway and possess a protective effect on renal damage of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.

English

Traditionally, leaf infusions of&nbsp;Brachylaena discolor&nbsp;are used for the treatment of diabetes and renal conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a methanolic leaf extract of&nbsp;B. discolor&nbsp;in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ; blood glucose levels greater than 20 mmol/L measured after 7 days confirmed a stable diabetic mellitus state. Two doses of the test extract (50 and 150 mg/ml) were administered daily via oral dosing to both STZ-induced and control rats. Blood was obtained from the tail vein and used to measure the effects of the extract on the biochemical profile of the rats over 28 days. The methanolic leaf extract of&nbsp;B. discolor&nbsp;at both doses (50 and 150 mg/ml) caused a significant reduction in the blood glucose levels at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with the normal rats (negative control). Significant differences were also observed in alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total bilirubin and body weights of extract treated diabetic rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats, normal rats and metformin treated rats. Findings suggest that&nbsp;B. discolor&nbsp;exhibits significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Diabetes, streptozotocin,&nbsp;Brachylaena discolor, Wistar rats.

Antidiabetic effect of Streblus asper in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Context: In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Streblus asper Lour (Moraceae) is prescribed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Objective: In the present study, α-amyrin acetate isolated from S. asper, and the petroleum ether extract of S. asper stem bark (PESA) was screened for their antidiabetic properties in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and methods: Successive Soxhlet extraction of the dried stem bark with petroleum ether and then with ethanol (95%) yielded petroleum ether and ethanol extracts, respectively, which were concentrated under reduced pressure. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by STZ (50 mg/kg, b.w.). Twenty-four hours after STZ induction, respective groups of diabetic rats received PESA (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, b.w.) and α-amyrin acetate (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, b.w.) respectively, orally daily for 15 days. Glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg, orally) served as a reference. Blood glucose levels were measured on every 5th day during the 15 days of treatment. The serum lipid profiles and biochemical parameters, viz., serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin level, were measured.Results: PESA significantly (p < 0.01) normalized blood-glucose levels and serum biochemical parameters as compared with those of STZ controls. α-Amyrin acetate (75 mg/kg, b.w.) exhibited maximum glucose lowering effect (71.10%) in diabetic rats compared to the other dose (25, 50 mg/kg) at the end of the study. The protective effect was further confirmed by histopathological examination of the liver.Conclusion: PESA and α-amyrin acetate demonstrated remarkable antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Hypoglycaemic effect of Melothria heterophylla in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Context: In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn., (Cucurbitaceae) is prescribed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Objective: In the present study, the antidiabetic effect of ethanol extract of Melothria heterophylla (EEMH), and its active isolated constituents were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Swiss albino rats.Method: Successive Soxhlet extraction of the dried total aerial parts with petroleum ether for defatting and then with ethanol (95%) to obtain ethanol extract, which was concentrated under reduced pressure. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by STZ (50 mg/kg, body weight). Twenty-four hours after STZ induction, respective groups of diabetic rats received EEMH (200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight), gallic acid (GA) (2 and 4 mg/kg, body weight), and rutin (RU) (2 and 4 mg/kg, body weight), respectively, orally daily for 15 days. Glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg, orally) served as reference. Blood glucose levels and change in body weight were measured on every 5th day during 15 days of treatment. Biochemical parameters, viz., serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum insulin, were measured.Results: EEMH and its active constituents significantly (p < 0.01) normalized blood glucose levels and serum biochemical parameters as compared to those of STZ controls. Both GA (4 mg/kg) and RU (4 mg/kg) exhibited maximum glucose lowering effect (69.1 and 66.7%, respectively) in diabetic rats compared to the other dose (2 mg/kg) at the end of the study. EEMH, gallic acid and RU also showed significant increase in serum insulin, and body weight of STZ-induced diabetic rats.Conclusion: Therefore, ethanol extract of Melothria heterophylla, GA and RU demonstrated remarkable antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. in streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats

The present work is to study for the first time the anti-diabetic properties of aqueous extract of roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and to achieve a primary pharmacological screening contained in the aqueous extract. A total of 20 rats including 10 diabetics and 10 normal rats were used for this study. The anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of roots was evaluated by using normal and STZ induced diabetic rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg p.o daily for 21 days. Blood glucose levels were measured using GOD-POD. Screening for major classes of phytochemical was done using standard chemical tests. Per oral administration of the aqueous extract of the roots (250 mg/kg body weight) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats, whereas in normal rats no hypoglycemic activity was observed. Phytochemical screening showed a wealth in compounds: Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, steroids and terpenoids. Aqueous extract of roots exhibit attractive properties and can therefore, be considered a promising candidate for future application as alternative therapeutic agents, particularly in the development of anti-diabetic drugs. Key words: Anacyclus pyrethrum L, anti-diabetic activity, streptozotocin, aqueous root extract, phytochemical screening.

Evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of Streblus asper Lour against streptozotocin–induced diabetes in rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant role of methanol extract of Streblus asper (S. asper) root bark in Wistar rats. MethodsDiabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight). Three days after STZ induction, the diabetic rats were treated with S. asper orally at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. Glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg, orally) was used as reference drug. The fasting blood glucose levels were measured on every fifth day during the 15-day treatment. Serum biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol total protein and serum triglycerides were estimated. Antioxidant properties were assessed by estimating liver and kidney thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione and catalase. ResultsS. asper in STZ-induced diabetic rats, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bw produced reduction in blood glucose levels when compared with the STZ control group. Serum biochemical parameters antioxidant levels were significantly restored toward normal levels in S. asper treated rats as compared with STZ control. ConclusionsThe present study infers that the methanol extract of S. asper root bark demonstrated remarkable antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The potential antidiabetic action is plausibly due to its underlying antioxidant role.