Activity In France Research Articles

Physical injuries related to the practice of physical and sports activities in France: initial results from the 2020 National Survey on Physical and Sports Practices

ABSTRACT The main aims of this study are: 1) to estimate the prevalence of sports-related physical injuries in France, as well as the frequency of seeking medical treatment (by a doctor) and of stopping work or school following an accident, and 2) to identify the associated risk factors. Data from the 2020 National Survey on Physical and Sports Practices are used for these purposes. Results show that the significantly associated factors are of a sociodemographic, sporting and motivational nature. In addition to the traditional factors (gender, age, frequency of practice, multi-practice, commitment to sport), this contribution reveals the importance of the state of health as a potential risk factor in the likelihood of experiencing injury. In the same way, the authors show that supervised practice is a factor that increases the risk of accidents as much as the risk of seeking medical treatment. Finally, social class seems to influence the use of time off work.

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in professional settings, shops, shared transport, and leisure activities in France, 2020–2022

PurposeThe aim of the study was to identify settings associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in France.MethodsCases with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection were matched with controls (4:1 ratio) on age, sex, region, population size, and calendar week. Odds ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection were estimated for nine periods in models adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health status, COVID-19 vaccine, and past infection.ResultsBetween October 27, 2020 and October 2, 2022, 175,688 cases were matched with 43,922 controls. An increased risk of infection was documented throughout the study for open-space offices compared to offices without open space (OR range across the nine periods: 1.12 to 1.57) and long-distance trains (1.25 to 1.88), and during most of the study for convenience stores (OR range in the periods with increased risk: 1.15 to 1.44), take-away delivery (1.07 to 1.28), car-pooling with relatives (1.09 to 1.68), taxis (1.08 to 1.89), airplanes (1.20 to 1.78), concerts (1.31 to 2.09) and night-clubs (1.45 to 2.95). No increase in transmission was associated with short-distance shared transport, car-pooling booked over platforms, markets, supermarkets and malls, hairdressers, museums, movie theatres, outdoor sports, and swimming pools. The increased risk of infection in bars and restaurants was no longer present in restaurants after reopening in June 2021. It persisted in bars only among those aged under 40 years.ConclusionClosed settings in which people are less likely to wear masks were most affected by SARS-CoV-2 transmission and should be the focus of air quality improvement.ClinicalTrials.gov (03/09/2022)NCT04607941.

Nguyen Ai Quoc's Activities in France in the Years 1911-1920

Nguyen Ai Quoc's journey to find a way to save the country lasted three decades (1911-1941) with many related activities, events, countries and people. However, this study only covers the years Nguyen Ai Quoc lived and worked in France in the first decade (1911-1920), since he decided to leave the Fatherland and come to France (1911) until finding a way to save the country (1920).

A SURVEY OF ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY IN DAIRY GOAT FARMS IN SOUTH-EAST FRANCE

Goat’s milk production is an important activity in France. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remain a main threat for grazing goats, usually controlled using anthelmintic drugs (AH). However, 1) eprinomectin (EPN) is the sole molecule yet available without withdrawal time for milk in France; 2) nematodes AH resistances increase dramatically. First, a survey was performed on 13 farms in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AURA) region to evaluate the efficacy of 2 AH authorized for dairy goats: a benzimidazole (BZ) and a macrocyclic lactone (EPN pour-on). Fecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRT) were carried out using 3 groups of 10 goats per farm: a control group, one treated with BZ (oxfendazole) and one treated with EPN. The results indicate a resistance to BZ in 11 out of 13 farms (84.6%) and a lack of efficacy for EPN pour-on in at least 10 farms (76.9%). Secondly, EPN was given orally or subcutaneously in 4 farms of the previous trial showing a lack of efficacy to EPN pour-on. A resistance to EPN was confirmed in 3 out of 4 farms. Although based on a few farms, these results confirm the high prevalence of resistance of GIN to BZ in dairy goat farms. They also highlight a high level of resistance to EPN and the lack of efficacy of EPN when used pour-on. Given the level of resistance to marketed drugs, there is an urgent need to explore alternative options to AH to prepare integrated, sustainable control of GIN.

Tsigane voices in the 1960s: The first decade of Romani activism in France (1960–1971)

This article investigates the emergence and development of Romani activism in France during the 1960s. Its purpose is to analyse the way in which its leaders set themselves up as representatives of an ethnic community and helped to define its profiles and aspirations. Although the Romani movement clearly aimed at becoming international, this article argues that its growth during its first decade of activity was closely linked to trends and developments concerning other national phenomena, such as French anti-racism organizations and tsiganologie, a form of expert knowledge on the Tsiganes. Furthermore, this paper maintains that despite being united around common objectives, the movement’s leaders had different sensibilities and pursued different strategies within this frame of reference. They did so both to confront the experts and their paternalistic policies and to seize the opportunities provided by the anti-racist movement. These strategies are analysed through a wide range of sources, which include the publications of Romani organisations, tsiganologue circles, anti-racist organisations, as well as police reports on Tsigane leaders.

Values and physical activity among sports science students in France and China: a transcultural analysis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between values and physical activity in France (a Western European individualistic country) and in China (an East Asian collectivist country). Six hundred and twenty-seven sport science students in France (N = 308, Mage = 18.99, SD = 1.64) and China (N = 319, Mage = 20.44, SD = 1.09) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long version and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. In both France and China, moderated regression analysis revealed that hedonism positively/negatively predicted physical activity, while security-societal, security-personal, and conformity-rules values negatively predicted physical activity. In contrast, stimulation and universalism-nature values positively predicted physical activity only in France. In China, benevolence and benevolence-care positively predicted physical activity, while power dominance negatively predicted physical activity. Additionally, we found evidence of measurement invariance of the value questionnaire. Our findings add to the literature by showing that the value-behavior link is partly the same across countries and partly different. Further, our findings show that for certain populations, the previously established hierarchy of human values does not replicate.

Describing physical and sports activity in France: Review of the questionnaires of three national surveys

The present article focuses on the questionnaires of three national surveys on physical and sports practises in France in 1985, 2000 and 2010 (as 2020 has just been completed, the documentation is not yet available). Applying the process of the history of science, it analyzes the list of questions asked for each survey and the connected documentation, with the aim of identifying the descriptive intentions behind the drawing up of each questionnaire. The article demonstrates that there existed three descriptive goals that followed one another : tastes and ways of life (1985 questionnaire), the evolution of individually-organized sports practices (2000 questionnaire) and the standardization of a statistical tool including important ministerial preoccupations (2010). On the one hand, it draws the conclusion that translating an institutional request into a survey questionnaire always implies a mismatch. On the other hand, it also draws the conclusion that in France the national survey has evolved from being a descriptive academic tool of physical and sports practices to being a more multi-purpose descriptive tool that today gives an important role to concerns regarding management of physical and sports activities.

Climate Risks and Economic Activity in France: Evidence from Media Coverage

Climate Risks and Economic Activity in France: Evidence from Media Coverage

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФРАНЦУЗСКОГО АРХИВОВЕДЕНИЯ В ХХ В. В СВЕТЕ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ В.Н. АВТОКРАТОВА

The article considers the possibilities of applying the general and specific theories of archive studies, created by V.N. Avtokratov, for analyzing the causes and ways of resolving the crisis in the archive studies in France. It shows the similarity of the crisis phenomena observations in the French archive studies made independently by V.N. Avtokratov and Ch. Kecskemeti, and substantiates the scientific significance of analyzing the causes of this crisis, which allows for the development of V.N. Avtokratov’s theoretical approach. The document boom of the second half of the 20th century posed a challenge to the entire archival science, but each archival school was to overcome it in a different way. A crisis that occurred in the French archive studies was caused by the departure from the principle of unity of the fund and manifested itself in the changes in the use of archival documents in France. The analysis of that crisis from the theoretical positions formulated by V.N. Avtokratov helped to demonstrate how a weak development of certain theoretical issues (the concept of a creator of a fond, the issues of intra-fund systematization, the notions of value and utility) affected the professional training of archivists and the archival activities in France in terms of acquisition and use, particularly in the field of fund management and the policy of creating archival finding aids. The strong and weak aspects of the French archival theory and practice are shown in the article, and recommendations for the professional training of archivists in Russia are formulated.

Exploring relational norms in exporter-importer product innovation co-development: A qualitative study

This research investigates the role of relational norms in facilitating importers' engagement in product innovation co-development with exporters. Through a qualitative approach, we conducted interviews with top managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) involved in exporting activities in France. Guided by the theoretical framework of Relational Exchange Theory (Macneil, 1980; Dwyer et al., 1987), our study uncovers the significant potential for successful product innovation co-development when importers actively contribute as knowledge sources and co-developers. Additionally, we highlight the importance of cooperation, continuity expectations, and equity norms as external factors that shape the co-development process of new products between exporters and importers. By comprehending and embracing these relational norms, exporters can strengthen their collaborative endeavors with importers and effectively drive the co-development of innovative products.

État de l'activité de rythmologie interventionnelle en France et conséquences des réformes des seuils sur les autorisations d'activité

BackgroundInterventional rhythmology activity (electrophysiology and pacing) has progressed in France during the last decade. The objective of this article is to assess the distribution of this activity depending on the type of centre (public, university or non-university, private). As the French government issued a new regulation regarding rhythmology activity in 2022, the impact of this regulation on activity distribution has been evaluated. MethodologyAll French data activity can be evaluated after accessing to a national database called PMSI [Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information]. Based on data collected in year 2021, the level of activity of the different centres, and the impact of the new criteria of the French regulation regarding rhythmology activity have been analysed. ResultsAbout 200,000 arrhythmias interventions have been done in France in 2021 in 382 centres. According to the new criteria of the French regulation, 66% responded to level A (diagnostic electrophysiology, single- and dual-chamber pacing), 68% for level B (A+ right atrial ablation, implantable automatic defibrillator, cardiac resynchronisation therapy) and 70% for level C (B + left atrial and ventricular ablation). 1/4 of the centres do not meet criteria for level A activity, and 1/5 of them for levels B and C ConclusionsThis work showed that immediat and systematic application of new threshold could be threatening for 1/4 of A center and 1/5 of B or C center. The priority will be to reinforce existing centres before allowing new centres to perform arrhythmias management activity in France.

Impact of direct antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus -induced liver diseases on registration, waiting list and liver transplant activity in France

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) has dramatically improved the prognosis of liver transplantation (LT) candidates for HCV end-stage liver disease (ESLD). We aimed to evaluate the impact of DAA on waiting list (WL) registration and LT activity in France.We evaluated all patients registered to the French WL for HCV ESLD between 2000 and 2018. Timespan was divided into two periods according to DAA availability: 2010–2013 versus 2014–2018. Changes in the indications of LT, outcome on WL were evaluated. Then, we evaluated the activity of LT and outcome for HCV recipients in France.Among 3,173 HCV candidates, registration on WL decreased by 33% between 2013 and 2018. The 1-year waitlist survival increased from 76.9% (95%CI: 74.2%-79.4%) in 2010–2013 to 79.8% (95%CI: 77.2%-82.1%) in 2014–2018 (p < 0.01). Regarding LT activity, the part of HCV ESLD decreased from 26% in 2010 to 16% in 2018. The 1-year graft survival rate in HCV recipients increased from 76.9% (95%CI: 73.7%-79.7%) in 2010–2012 to 84.9% (95%CI: 82.9%-86.7%) in 2013–2018 (p < 0.01).The availability of DAA to treat HCV infection is associated with a significant decrease of registration for LT, death and drop out for worsening condition on the LT. In addition, it has decreased the number of HCV+ LT and improved the 1-year graft survival in France.

The politics of Catholic humanitarian aid: missionaries and American relief in Algeria (1942–47)

Abstract This article examines the politics of the Catholic American aid delivered in French-controlled Algeria between 1942 and 1947. Using the archives of the White Fathers (Missionnaires d’Afrique), the Archives Nationales d’Outre Mer and the archives of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops at the Catholic University of America in Washington this article traces how humanitarian relief funds sent in support of missionaries in Algeria altered their status in the colonial order. The article focuses on the transformative aspects of this American intervention in a complex colonial environment. It argues that the American Catholic intervention, with its focus on indigenous patients rather than colonial settlers, renewed older and broader provisions of missionary relief in Algeria. American aid funded missionary work and resourced social work and later aligned Catholic relief with anti-communist activities in France.

Intensive Care Unit activity in France from the national database between 2013 and 2019: More critically ill patients, shorter stay and lower mortality rate

BackgroundKnowledge of the occurrence and outcome of admissions to Intensive Care Units (ICU) over time is important to inform healthcare services planning. This observational study aims at describing the activity of French ICUs between 2013 and 2019. MethodsPatient admission characteristics, organ dysfunction scores, therapies, ICU and hospital lengths of stay and case fatality were collected from the French National Hospital Database (population-based cohort). Logistic regression models were developed to investigate the association between age, sex, SAPS II, organ failure, and year of care on in-ICU case fatality. FindingsAmong 1,594,801 ICU admissions, the yearly ICU admission increased from 3.3 to 3.5 per year per 1000 inhabitants (bed occupancy rate between 83.4 and 84.3%). The mean admission SAPS II was 42 ± 22, with a gradual annual increase. The median lengths of stay in ICU and in hospital were 3 (interquartile range (IQR) = [1–7]) and 11 days (IQR = [6–21]), respectively, with a progressive decrease over time. The in-ICU and hospital mortality case fatalities decreased from 18.0% to 17.1% and from 21.1% to 19.9% between 2013 and 2019, respectively. Male sex, age, SAPS II score, and the occurrence of any organ failure were associated with a higher case fatality rate. After adjustment on age, sex, SAPS II and organ failure, in-ICU case fatality decreased in 2019 as compared to 2013 (adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.89]). InterpretationDuring the study, an increasing incidence of ICU admission was associated with higher severity of illness but lower in-ICU case fatality.

The COVID-19 crisis and ART activity in France

Research questionWhat was the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on assisted reproductive technology (ART) activity in public and private hospitals in France in 2020? DesignAll women who underwent oocyte retrieval in 2020 (study group, n = 40,759) or in 2019 (comparison group, n = 52,403) were selected from French national health insurance databases. The weekly ART activity in 2020 was compared with the weekly ART activity in 2019. ResultsIn 2020, annual ART activity dropped by nearly 30% compared with 2019. Whereas weekly ART activity was at its normal level at the beginning of 2020, it sharply decreased and was almost non-existent during the first French lockdown (March–May 2020) in both public and private hospitals. After the first lockdown, private hospitals returned to their normal activity level within 1 month. In contrast, the activity of public hospitals remained well below normal until the summer break, before peaking at 40% of normal activity compared with an expected level of 57%. During the second French lockdown, ART activity was only slightly affected, principally in public hospitals where ART activity was around 48% compared with an expected level of 57%. ConclusionsIn countries where intensive care units are principally in public hospitals, greater disruption in public than in private hospitals may have led to an increase in health inequalities for ART activity, as for other healthcare.

Monitoring Climate Change and Air Quality Project Initiative: A Case Study of the Collaboration between ECSTAR and TeroSpace in Thailand

In Thailand, the alteration of weather patterns has resulted in an increase in instances of irregular rainfall, contributing to the occurrence of droughts. The decline of water levels in dams, due to the combined effects of climate change and prolonged droughts, has had a significant impact on agricultural productivity. Drought has a profound effect on the terrestrial biosphere and the atmospheric water cycle and can also contribute to air pollution. Researchers have found a strong correlation between air pollution and drought severity. In response to this pressing issue, the Excellence Center of Space Technology and Research (ECSTAR) at King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang has joined forces with TeroSpace company to launch an initiative aimed at promoting sustainable growth in Chiang Rai, a province in Thailand known for its rich biodiversity. ECSTAR and TeroSpace’s partnership on the sustainable growth initiative in Thailand’s Chiang Rai province focuses on expanding their collaboration to include international organizations such as the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), which will provide access to satellite imagery and climate and weather information to improve decision-making in various areas of development. CNES is a French organization in charge of space-related activities in France. The collaboration between France and Thailand for this project, in the context of the France-Thailand Year of Innovation 2023, will be crucial for the successful initiation and execution of this research project. The project aims to explore the relationship between air pollution and climate change through the deployment of air quality monitoring devices in designated locations, connected to a global data-sharing network. The results of this research will be valuable to policymakers as they consider the interplay between air pollution and climate change and make efforts to address these challenges.

Działalność Czesława Chowańca w sferze polityki kulturalnej i wojskowości (do 1944 roku)

Czesław Chowaniec (1899–1968) played a very important role, first in the cultural life of Stanisławów in the 1920s, and then in the Polish cultural and popularization activities in France. As a scientist, he focused most of his creative energy until 1944 on military history. The published texts on this topic ensured him an important position among Polish military historians. His service in the army during the time of the shaping of state borders had an immense influence on his scientific interests. During World War II, in his military service he used his skills, among other things, in his work in the sphere of education and culture.

Patient involvement in pharmacovigilance: determinants and evolution of reporting from 2011 to 2020 in France

IntroductionBecause patients and patient organizations want to strengthen their role in the care pathway and drug evaluation and in order to improve pharmacovigilance activities, European competent authorities implemented regulations to allow direct reporting of adverse drug reactions related to medicinal products by patients in 2012.ObjectivesTo describe evolution and analyze determinants of patient reporting activity in France in order to assess patient involvement in pharmacovigilance.MethodUsing the French national pharmacovigilance database, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports from patients and healthcare professionals (HCP) between 2011 and 2020. The relationship between regional patient ADR report activity and regional care provision and socio-professional characteristics was analyzed using the principal component analysis.ResultsA significant and higher increase in ADR reports over time from patients (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) compared to HCP (r = 0.27, p = 0.002) has been observed. Patient ADR report activities compared to HCP concerned more women (80% vs. 55%, p < 0.001), younger age classes (p < 0.001), reporting through web portal (83% vs. 17%, p < 0.001), and less serious events (26% vs. 63%, p < 0.001). In the principal component analysis, regional patient reporting activity was related to socio-professional categories, age classes, and densities of hospital beds and physicians.ConclusionOur results confirm an increasing involvement of patients in ADR report activities. The determinants of patient reporting activities are not only related to drug and medical factors but also to social factors. Digital tools may also play a role in health democracy in pharmacovigilance.

Où se fait l'activité de rythmologie interventionnelle en France et quelle est son évolution ?

IntroductionInterventional rhythmology activity (electrophysiology and pacing) has progressed in France during the last decade. The objective of this article was to assess the distribution of this activity depending on the type of centre (public, university or non-university, private). As the French government issued a new regulation regarding rhythmology activity in 2022, the impact of this regulation on activity distribution has been evaluated. MethodologyAll French data activity can be evaluated after accessing to a national database called PMSI [Programme de médicalisation des systèmes d'information]. Based on data collected in year 2019, the level of activity of the different centres, and the impact of the new criteria of the French regulation regarding rhythmology activity have been analysed. ResultsAbout 180,000 arrhythmias interventions have been done in France in 2019 in 377 centres. According to the new criteria of the French regulation, only 76% responded to level A (diagnostic electrophysiology, single- and dual-chamber pacing), 52% for level B (A+ right atrial ablation, implantable automatic defibrillator, cardiac resynchronisation therapy) and 54% for level C (B + left atrial and ventricular ablation). ConclusionsThis work showed that approximately a quarter of the centres do not meet criteria for level A activity, and approximately half of them for levels B and C. The priority will be to reinforce existing centres before allowing new centres to perform arrhythmias management activity in France.

Functional representation of the network organisation of dialysis activities in France: A novel level for assessing quality of care.

To assess quality of care, groups of care units that cared for the same patients at various stages of end-stage renal disease, might be more appropriate than the centre level. These groups constitute "communities" that need to be delineated to evaluate their practices and outcomes. In this article, we describe the use of an agglomerative (Fast Greedy) and a divisive (Edge Betweenness) method to describe dialysis activities in France. The validation was based on the opinion of the field actors at the regional level of the REIN registry. At the end of 2018, ESRD care in France took place in 1,166 dialysis units. During 2016-2018, 32 965 transfers occurred between dialysis units. With the Edge Betweenness method, the 1,114 French dialysis units in metropolitan France were classified into 156 networks and with the Fast Greedy algorithm, 167 networks. Among the 32 965 transfers, 23 168 (70%) were defined in the same cluster by the Edge Betweenness algorithm and 26 016 (79%) in the same cluster by the Fast Greedy method. According to the Fast Greedy method, during the study period, 95% of patients received treatment in only one network. According to the opinion of the actors in the field, the Fast Greedy algorithm seemed to be the best method in the context of dialysis activity modelling. The Edge Betweenness classification was not retained because it seemed too sensitive to the volume of links between dialysis units.