Activity Of Different Groups Research Articles

Сравнительная оценка токсичности и вирулицидных свойств дезинфектантов, применяемых при работе с вирусом SARS-CoV-2 в изолированных вирусологических лабораториях

The choice of disinfectants and their combinations for the final disinfection of the premises of «infectious» areas of laboratories of biosafety level 3–4, in which work is carried out with viruses with epidemic potential, is important for reducing the toxic effect of these disinfectants on personnel while maintaining 100?% disinfection efficiency. Purpose of the study: to study the toxicity of disinfectants of different groups for cell culture, to select a toxicity neutralizer, to study the virucidal activity of these disinfectants and their combinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials and methods: experimental studies were carried out using the reference strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, namely the hCoV-19/Australia/VIC01/2020 (AUS) strain (Wuhan variant), obtained from the State Collection of Causative Agents of Viral Infectious Diseases and Rickettsial Diseases, functioning on the basis of the Federal Budgetary Institution State Scientific Center for Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor. The residual infectious activity of the virus was determined by titrating samples in cell culture. To conduct the research, we used a Vero E6 cell culture obtained from the Collection of Cell Cultures of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Scientific Research Center for Virology and Biochemistry «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor in the form of a 2-day monolayer with a confluency of 95–100?%. Results. As a result of the studies, experimental data were obtained on the dynamics of the virucidal activity of different groups of disinfectants and their combinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The degree of toxicity of disinfectants for Vero E6 cell culture is shown. Optimal combinations of disinfectants and a 40?% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (hereinafter referred to as formalin) have been selected, increasing its disinfection efficiency at an initial concentration halved, which can be used for final disinfection treatment of the premises of isolated virology laboratories conducting work with the SARS-CoV- coronavirus. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that when using selected combinations of disinfectants to carry out final disinfection with formaldehyde vapors formed during the evaporation of formaldehyde as a result of its heating, a twofold decrease in the initial concentration of formalin is possible, leading to a decrease in its toxic effect on personnel, while maintaining 100?% efficiency disinfection. Keywords: disinfection, disinfectants, formaldehyde, SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, disinfection efficiency, cytotoxicity.

To the Question of a Need for a Complex Approach to Researching Terrorism and Extremism with the Purpose of Ensuring National Security

The author uses a complex approach to research crimes of terrorism and extremism. Scholars who study the spread of radicalism, separatism, nationalism and other negative social phenomena both in the Russian Federation and in the world pay considerable attention to researching terrorist and extremist activities of different groups of population, who are mostly represented by illegitimate organizations or communities. The author studies the measures of counteracting crimes of terrorist and extremist nature according to the best practices of other countries. The causes of the spread of terrorism and extremism in their new quality are analyzed. The link between common crime and radical youth groups is traced. The author pays special attention to the spread of extremist ideology, which is a breeding ground for terrorism. The author also establishes a correlation between ideologists and followers of radical movements while taking into consideration their social status, financial situation and educational level. The article presents valid conclusions on the measures of counteracting crimes of terrorism and extremism, which are based on the idea that the research community should use a complex approach to researching this type of crime involving sociological, criminal law, criminalistic and other methods and means.

Abnormal brain glucose metabolism patterns in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer after chemotherapy：A retrospective PET study

PurposeThis study was designed to investigate the acute or chronic post-chemotherapy effect and different chemotherapy cycles effect on brain glucose metabolism. MethodsA total of seventy-three patients who received chemotherapy after being diagnosed with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underwent 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan at Nuclear Medicine Department of the Fifth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between September 2017 and August 2022 were included. Seventy-two healthy control patients who underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans at our department, without any evidence of malignancy and confirmed by follow-up visits, were included. Advanced NSCLC patients were classified into six arms: short-to-long course (chemotherapy cycles under 4, between 5 and 8 and more than 8) in acute chemotherapy effect (AC) group (scanned 18F-FDG PET/CT within 6 months post-chemotherapy) or chronic chemotherapy effect (CC) group (the interval between scanning and the last chemotherapy session more than six months). Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis between patients’ groups and healthy controls’ brain 18F-FDG PET was performed (uncorrected p ˂ 0.001 with cluster size above 20 contiguous voxels). ResultsThere were no significant differences between patients’ groups and healthy controls in age, gender and body mass index (BMI). SPM PET analyses revealed anomalous brain metabolic activity in different groups (p ˂ 0.001). Short-course + AC group exhibited hypermetabolism in the cerebellum and widespread hypometabolism in bilateral frontal lobe predominantly. Only hypometabolic brain regions were observed in middle-course + AC patients. Long-course + AC group displayed a greater number of abnormalities. Notably, these metabolic abnormalities tended to decrease in CC groups versus AC groups across all courses. ConclusionOur study revealed that patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent chemotherapy exhibited persistent abnormal brain metabolism patterns during continuous chemotherapy and these abnormalities tended to recover after completion of chemotherapy over time, but without correlation to an increasing number of chemotherapy cycles. 18F-FDG PET/CT may serve as a possible modality for evaluating brain function and guiding appropriate treatment timing.

The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation in Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Morphine Dependency and Electrical Recording of the Nucleus Accumbens

Background: Addiction is known as a gradual process leading to the uncontrolled abuse of a substance. The main problem facing the practitioners is the high rate of return among abusers after stopping substance consumption. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered as one of the methods for treating stimulant substance abuse, in which an electrical current is passed, typically at frequencies above 100 Hz, through electrodes implanted surgically in the subcortical brain nuclei. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of high-frequency DBS (HF-DBS) applied to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on the electrical response of the accumbens nucleus as well as on the motor activity and dependency in morphine-addicted male rats. Materials and Methods: Experimental rats (n = 40) were assigned to five groups (n = 8), including saline, sham, morphine, saline+DBS, and morphine+DBS groups. The rats received DBS with a frequency of 130 Hz, amplitude of 0.2 to 0.5 mA, and repeated periods of 15 minutes with an interval of 45 minutes for 3 hours during the conditioning period in the conditioned place preference (CPP) box. Then, they were treated with saline or morphine and were subjected to stereotaxic surgery for insertion of the stimulator electrode in mPFC and the recorder electrode in AC. The electrical response of AC neurons to DBS was determined by adopting the single-unit recording method. Then, the motor activities of different groups were assessed to evaluate the effects of DBS on animal movement activities. Finally, data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.1. Results: The injection of morphine enhanced the CPP score and reduced the average of spikes in the cortical neurons of the AC compared to those obtained in the sham group. These parameters were significantly decreased and increased in the animals receiving morphine+DBS compared to the morphine group, respectively. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the morphine+DBS group and the morphine group in terms of the total traveled distance. Conclusions: The stimulation of the AC nucleus at high frequency reduced the addiction preference as well as enhanced the locomotor activity and primary neuron activity in the cortex of the AC nucleus.

Screening of Lipophilic Fractions of Botanical Forms of Celery by GC/MS Method

Introduction. The search for new tools for the treatment and prevention of obesity – a socially significant disease characterized by high prevalence and the presence of a number of complications – is an urgent area of research. Literature data indicate the presence of pharmacological activity in different groups of BAC of plant origin – flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, etc. in relation to obesity and its associated diseases. In view of the significant accumulation of target groups of compounds, as well as the availability of a large and renewable raw material base, celery was chosen for research as a potential raw source of BAC contributing to the regulation of metabolic disorders.Aim. To investigate the component composition of lipophilic fractions of botanical forms of celery by GC/MS and to predict the pharmacological activity of identified compounds within the target group of pathologies using the web resource PASS Оnline.Materials and methods. Lipophilic fractions were prepared by chloroform extraction of dry crushed raw material of celery root, stalks and leaves in a Soxhlet apparatus. Obtained extracts were analyzed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer "Clarus 600T" (PerkinElmer, USA) on the basis of the Collaborative Centre "Analytical Center" equipment. Interpretation of the mass spectra of the peaks on the chromatograms was carried out using the NIST-14 library, for further prediction of biological activity of the identified compounds we used web-resource PASS online.Results and discussion. The composition of lipophilic fractions of celery botanical forms is represented by terpenes, benzofurans, coumarins, fatty acids and their derivatives, phytosterols. A total of 50 compounds were found in extracts from celery root, of which 68 % were identified, stalks – 36 and 61 %; leaves – 22 and 64 %, respectively. Prediction of the pharmacological activity of individual compounds of celery showed the possibility of their use for the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular disorders and liver diseases, which confirms the prospects of this study.Conclusion. The results have shown that celery roots and stalks are a source of terpenes, coumarins and benzofuran derivatives, in addition, the above-ground part of the plant shows high accumulation of phytosterols, which may have metabolic regulation activity and be used in the complex therapy and prevention of obesity.

The State and Confessional Life in Kharkiv Region on the Eve of the Great Terror (1934 – the Middle of 1937)

The article is dedicated to religious life in Kharkiv region on the eve of The Great Terror and the influence of the Soviet state on it. The article analyzes the historiography of the issue under study, and concludes that despite the emergence of recent scientific works, which address various aspects of the functioning of individual religious denominations in Kharkiv region in the 1930s, the issue of reviving religious life in the region on the eve of The Great Terror unleashed by the totalitarian regime is still virtually out of sight of modern scientists and has not become an object of special study. Such processes as the believers’ reaction to the state’s activity, their resistance against the state’s oppression, the influence of the Constitution of 1936 on the religious circumstances, as well as the factors of religious life in Kharkiv province on the eve of the Great Terror have not been sufficiently studied yet. The article analyzes the conditions of religious denominations’ activity on the eve of the Great Terror. The influence of various factors on the revival of religious life is revealed. The different forms of manifestation of religious activity in Kharkiv region are elucidated. The article shows that the public discussion and adoption of the Constitution of 1936, which formally abolished the restrictions on the political rights of the clergy and proclaimed the freedom of conscience, resulted in increased activity of different groups of clergy and believers. The latter hoped for rapid normalization and liberalization of state-confessional relations. However, the revival took place in the situation when the previous practice of repression against members of various religious denominations and the closure of temples and prayer houses still continued. In these circumstances there were the different form of believers’ resistance and the defense of the religious rights which were decelerated by the laws. This activity of "the religious" did not go beyond the limits set by the current Soviet legislation and was generally aimed at ensuring freedom of conscience for citizens as proclaimed in the Constitution. In particular, this manifested itself in believers’ attempts to collect signatures to open churches closed (contrary to the existing law) by local authorities, and in numerous petitions and delegations to local and higher authorities, demanding that the prayer houses be returned to the religious communities. Religious communities actively also created various circles (choral singing, chess, etc.) in order to attract young people. There were appeals from the representatives of religious communities to consular offices of foreign countries for support against anti-religious harassment, etc. At the same time, the participation of believers (especially young people) in public worship and mass attendance of religious services, especially during church festivals, etc. intensified. The 1937 census revealed a high level of religiosity among the population (including the younger generation) which was conclusive proof of the failure of Stalin's “Godless Five-Year Plan.” Another important factor in stirring up religious life was the preparation and holding of elections to the Supreme Council of the USSR according to the new electoral laws, during which a fairly high level of self-organization of the clergy and believers were shown to the authorities, as well as their attempts to participate in the electoral race. It seriously frightened the nomenclature of the Soviet Communist Party, which perceived religion and the church as the institutions of the class enemies (according to their ideological paradigm). So they were regarding the state terror as the most effective method of struggle against the religion.

MicroRNA-455-3p regulates proliferation and osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells by targeting PTEN

BackgroundMacrophages are one of the important cells in immune system. In this article, we aim to explore the regulatory role of miR-455-3p on proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells.MethodsExpression levels of genes and proteins in cells were tested via qRT-PCR and western blot. The targeted correlation between miR-455-3p and PTEN was identified by luciferase analysis. MTT assay and flow cytometry were applied to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of cells. Osteoclastogenesis was completed by stimulating RAW 264.7 cells with RANKL. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in different groups of cells were assessed.ResultsFirstly, we determined that up-regulation of miR-455-3p promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells. MiR-455-3p deficiency played opposite effect in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, osteoclastogenesis-related factors (TRAP, CTSK and NFATc1) expression levels were remarkably up-regulated in miR-455-3p-mimic group of RAW264.7 cells treated with RANKL, but decreased in inhibitor group. Luciferase assay proved that miR-455-3p targeted PTEN. We took a further step and found overexpression of PTEN significantly inhibited the increased proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells induced by miR-455-3p.ConclusionsOur findings supported basic to explore the molecular mechanism of proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells.

VAIDILUČIŲ TERAPINĖ VEIKLA IR ŠIOS VEIKLOS REFLEKSIJOS XIX–XXI a. LIAUDIES MEDICINOJE (II dalis)

According to 15th to 18th-century written sources, priests-vaidiluciai, successors to the servants of the cult of the pre-Christian religion, performed various duties, including therapeutic activities. Descriptions in sources indicate that the nature of the therapeutic assistance they provided varied according to the magic activity they performed. The healing activities of vaidiluciai have not been systematically studied. This article extends the analysis of data on the therapeutic activities of different groups of vaidiluciai in 15th to 18th-century written folk sources, and identifies the reflection of these activities in 15th to 18th-century folk medicine based on archive records and healing faith records. The research helps to trace the meaning and origin of some therapeutic methods of folk medicine, and the possible development of traditions.

The Effect of Rotating Magnetic Field on Susceptibility Profile of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Exposed to Activity of Different Groups of Antibiotics.

Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a global issue for healthcare systems due to their resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, frequently accompanied by resistance to other classes of antibiotics. In this work, we analyzed the impact of combined use of rotating magnetic field (RMF) with various classes of antibiotics (β-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones) against nine S. aureus strains (eight methicillin-resistant and one methicillin-sensitive). The results indicated that the application of RMF combined with antibiotics interfering with cell walls (particularly with the β-lactam antibiotics) translate into favorable changes in staphylococcal growth inhibition zones or in minimal inhibitory concentration values compared to the control settings, which were unexposed to RMF. As an example, the MIC value of cefoxitin was reduced in all MRSA strains by up to 42 times. Apart from the β-lactams, the reduced MIC values were also found for erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline (three strains), ciprofloxacin (one strain), gentamicin (six strains), and teicoplanin (seven strains). The results obtained with the use of in vitro biofilm model confirm that the disturbances caused by RMF in the bacterial cell walls increase the effectiveness of the antibiotics towards MRSA. Because the clinical demand for new therapeutic options effective against MRSA is undisputable, the outcomes and conclusions drawn from the present study may be considered an important road into the application of magnetic fields to fight infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Electrospun polylactic acid/sulfadiazine sodium/proteinase nanofibers and their applications in treating frostbite

AbstractIn this study, polylactic acid (PLA)/sulfadiazine sodium/proteinase K composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, and their morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope. The novel nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and drug release curve. The activity of different groups of drugs loaded nanofibers in frostbite wound of rats was studied and compared with the blank control group. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and transmission electron microscope were used to access the histological changes of frostbite wounds on the back of rats before and after treatment. CD31 fluorescence staining was used to track the reconstruction and improvement of blood vessels in tissues. The results revealed that the drug release rate of PLA/sulfadiazine sodium/proteinase K nanofibers group was more than 50% at 1 h, and the cumulative drug release rate was more than 88% at 168 h, and CD31 fluorescence showed that its vascular density was 13.27% ± 0.9%, which was significantly higher than that of other groups. Therefore, PLA/sulfadiazine sodium/proteinase K composite nanofibers could promote the healing of frostbite wounds, which indicated the increase of capillaries and the regeneration of hair follicles. PLA/sulfadiazine sodium/proteinase K composite nanofibers have great potential in the application of frostbite.

Supervision of Human Resource Management during the Covid 19 Pandemic

Personnel management will demonstrate how businesses should recruit, develop, use, assess, and retain workers in terms of both amount (quantity) and kind (quality) The goal of this article is to implement a project assigned to one of the Entrepreneurship Courses during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The process of identifying and recruiting the personnel required by the company to become employees is known as recruitment. Vacancies, promotions, transfers, retirements, terminations, permanent disability, death, and labor turnover may need recruiting. A successful HR strategy requires the completion of many stages. Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a set of actions that a company does to anticipate future business and environmental needs. Human resource planning is required to fulfill the organization's requirements for specific jobs to be filled. The procedure includes identifying which jobs must be filled, the number of workers required, and when they will be required. In HR planning activities, job analysis has a tight connection with job analysis (Human Resources) Efforts to move and reorganize work activities in different groups are included in job design restructuring. Employee training is a long-term investment in workforce development that pays out handsomely. It's a technique/tool for executive management and growth.

Vaidilučių terapinė veikla ir šios veiklos refleksijos XIX–XXI a. liaudies medicinoje (I dalis)

of the pre-Christian religion, performed various duties, including therapeutic activities. The descriptions in sources indicate that the nature of the therapeutic assistance they provided varied according to the magic activity they performed. The healing activities of vaidilučiai have not been systematically studied. This article analyses data on the therapeutic activities of different groups of vaidilučiai in 15th to 18th-century written sources, and identifies traces of these activities in 19th to 21st-century folk medicine based on archival records and the author’s healing faith records. The research helps us to trace the meaning and origins of some therapeutic methods of folk medicine, and the possible development of traditions.

Participation, involvement and peer relationships in children with special educational needs in early childhood education

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to obtain new information about the diversity of everyday activities and social relations among children with special education needs (N = 145) in Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) units. In this research children´s daily activities, involvement, target of attention and social relations during play and other social activities in different groups formed according to children’s special educational needs are investigated. Results revealed that children with problems in self-regulation and children with major disabilities spent less time with peers and in various social activities than children with developmental language disorder and children without special education needs. The results suggest that inclusive practices are still only under development within the Finnish ECEC units. Practical implications of the results concerning ways to support children’s equal participation in daily activities in early childhood education and in building peer relationships, regardless of the amount of needed support are discussed.

A Temporal Examination of Cytoplasmic Ca2 + Levels, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2 + Levels, and Ca2 + -Handling-Related Proteins in Different Skeletal Muscles of Hibernating Daurian Ground Squirrels

To explore the possible mechanism of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the maintenance of cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, we studied changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+, SR Ca2+, and Ca2+-handling proteins of slow-twitch muscle (soleus, SOL), fast-twitch muscle (extensor digitorum longus, EDL), and mixed muscle (gastrocnemius, GAS) in different stages in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Results showed that the level of cytoplasmic Ca2+ increased and SR Ca2+ decreased in skeletal muscle fiber during late torpor (LT) and inter-bout arousal (IBA), but both returned to summer active levels when the animals aroused from and re-entered into torpor (early torpor, ET), suggesting that intracellular Ca2+ is dynamic during hibernation. The protein expression of ryanodine receptor1 (RyR1) increased in the LT, IBA, and ET groups, whereas the co-localization of calsequestrin1 (CSQ1) and RyR1 in GAS muscle decreased in the LT and ET groups, which may increase the possibility of RyR1 channel-mediated Ca2+ release. Furthermore, calcium pump (SR Ca2+-ATPase 1, SERCA1) protein expression increased in the LT, IBA, and ET groups, and the signaling pathway-related factors of SERCA activity [i.e., β-adrenergic receptor2 protein expression (in GAS), phosphorylation levels of phospholamban (in GAS), and calmodulin kinase2 (in SOL)] all increased, suggesting that these factors may be involved in the up-regulation of SERCA1 activity in different groups. The increased protein expression of Ca2+-binding proteins CSQ1 and calmodulin (CaM) indicated that intracellular free Ca2+-binding ability also increased in the LT, IBA, ET, and POST groups. In brief, changes in cytoplasmic and SR Ca2+ concentrations, SR RyR1 and SERCA1 protein expression levels, and major RyR1 and SERCA1 signaling pathway-related factors were unexpectedly active in the torpor stage when metabolic functions were highly inhibited.

Eosinophils adhesion assay as a tool for phenotypic drug screening - The pharmacology of 1,3,5 – Triazine and 1H-indole like derivatives against the human histamine H4 receptor

Histamine is a pleiotropic biogenic amine, having affinity towards four distinct histamine receptors. The existing pharmacological studies suggest the usefulness of histamine H4 receptor ligands in the treatment of many inflammatory and immunomodulatory diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, colitis or pruritus. Up to date, several potent histamine H4 receptor ligands were developed, none of which was registered as a drug yet. In this study, a series of potent indole-like and triazine derivatives were tested, in radioligand displacement and functional assays at histamine H4 receptor, as well as in human eosinophils adhesion assay to endothelium. For selected compounds permeability, cytotoxicity, metabolic and in vivo studies were conducted. Adhesion assay differentiated the activity of different groups of compounds with a known affinity towards the histamine H4 receptor. Most of the tested compounds downregulated the number of adherent cells. However, adhesion assay revealed additional properties of tested compounds that had not been detected in radioligand displacement and aequorin-based functional assays. Furthermore, for some tested compounds, these abnormal effects were confirmed during the in vivo studies. In conclusion, eosinophils adhesion assay uncovered pharmacological activity of histamine H4 receptor ligands that has been later confirmed in vivo, underscoring the value of well-suited cell-based phenotypic screening approach in drug discovery.

The Dynamics of Linkages Between Major Currencies: How Does It Change Depending on the Time of Day?

In this paper we document how the dynamics of linkages between major exchange rates changes during a day, depending on the activity of different groups of traders, and show the impact of important events and news on the dependence structures. The subject of analysis are linkages between the exchange rates EUR/USD, AUD/USD, GBP/USD and NZD/USD. For each hour of the day, we model the conditional dependence between the daily returns calculated at that time. The analysis is performed separately for bid and ask prices, which enables us to obtain some results concerning the sellers and buyers behavior. The dynamics of the conditional dependence is modeled by means of bivariate Markov-switching copula models, and the strength of the linkages is described by means of dynamic Spearman’s rho coefficients. The rankings of the strength of the linkages, depending on the hour, which we obtain using the model confidence set methodology, can be useful in trade decision-making in the FOREX market.

How Do Linkages Between Major Exchange Rates Differ When the Daily Quotations Come From Different Times of Day? Analysis Using Bid and Ask Prices and DCC-Copula Models

In the paper, we document how the dynamics of linkages between selected major exchange rates changes during a day, depending on the activity of different groups of traders, and show the impact of important events and news on the dependence structures. The exchange rates under scrutiny are EUR/USD, AUD/USD, GBP/USD, and NZD/USD. We consider dai-ly returns calculated using the exchange rates quoted at different times of day. The analysis is performed separately for bid and ask prices. The dynamics of the dependence is modeled by means of DCC-copula models, and the strength of the linkages is described using dynam-ic Spearman’s rho coefficients. Moreover, we obtain the results concerning quantile depend-ence probabilities. The approach used enables us to scrutinize changes in the dynamics of the conditional dependence structure, depending on the time of day, which can be useful in risk management.

СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ОБЛІК ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

Formulation of problem. Disclosing information about the social responsibility reguires the formation of social accounting model and the justification of specific tools that allow to reflect incomes and expenses that are due to socially responsible activity of enterprise. The aim of the research is scientific basis for preconditions, underlying assumptions, priority directions oforganization of social accounting. The object of the research is the process of accountingfor social responsibility. Methods, used in research: scientific generalization, logical and informative, induction, deduction, analysis. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that social accounting should be oriented to disclosing information regarding socially responsible activity for different stakeholders and formation of integrated reporting. The statement of basic materials. The increasing social responsibility of enterprises specifies the necessity of the transformation of accounting in order to give transparent information about social and ecological activity for different groups of users, as well as the formation of integrated reporting. The base of development ofsocial accountingmethodology is concept of social responsibility, sustainable development, creation of value, object and classification of socially responsible expenses are specified. It is proved that the model of combined socially oriented accounting that includes the parallel reflection business operations in accounting that are due to social activity based on additional system of analytical accounts, the formation of indicators of financial and social reporting is rational. The classification of objects in the context of realization of concepts of value and socially responsible expenses is proposed in order to organize to rationally organize case -by -case social accounting. The originality and practical significance of the research are determined by the development of underlying assumptions of the development of social accounting methodology, oriented to ensuring social responsibility of the enterprise and scientific and methodical recommendations for the classification of socially responsible expenses. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Taking into account the need sofdifferent stakeholders for disclosingin formation about effectiveness of the economic, social and ecological activity of entities, further researches will be focused on elucidation of the methodical basis of the organization of accounting for socially responsible expenses .

Perceiving Beijing’s “City Image” Across Different Groups Based on Geotagged Social Media Data

City image in general refers to the perception, the feeling, and the opinion of a city, which contributes great importance to urban management, urban planning, urban cultural perceptions, and tourism resource development. Traditionally, city image is often inferred by the `five-element' model of physical factors while lacking the consideration of subjective perception. With the rising penetration of smart mobile devices and social media, massive data of location-related texts has been generated for a variety of urban areas. The accessibility to the big data leads to a new approach of understanding the subjective perception of city image, which is important since the new approach takes the subjective heterogeneity into account. Based on the Beijing's Weibo (microblog) data in the year of 2016, we use a random forest model to categorize user backgrounds into locals and non-locals. Meanwhile, spatial clustering is applied to identify hotspots. Then two text analysis methods-term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA)-are adopted to abstract topics regarding the different geographical hotspots in the city across the different groups of individuals. Our research shows text mining on geotagged big data for city image makes it possible to accommodate the heterogeneity of the activities of different groups of people and to understand their preferences for different points of interests in the city, and thereby reveals the socio-cultural and functional features for the city.

THE ROLE OF G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE 4 IN CARDIOMYOCYTE INJURY AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective: G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) has been reported to play a regulatory role in hypertension, but little is known of its role in cardiomyocytes and myocardial infarction (MI). The goal of present study is to explore the role of cardiac-restricted GRK4 overexpression in the pathogenesis and progression of MIDesign and method: GRK4 WT/ A486 V transgenic mice and GRK4 cardiac specific knocked out mice were generated and subjected to MI surgery. Then the survival, scar size, cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were examined. The LC3 B protein level and GFP-LC3B were assessed to determine the autophagic activity in different groups. The phosphorylation resistant mutant HDAC4 S3A were used to investigated the how GRK4 affect autophagy. Con-focal microscope and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to reveal the interaction between GRK4 and HDAC4. We also investigated the cardiac function of MI patient between GRK4 WT and A486 V carrier. Results: The mRNA and protein expressions of GRK4 were increased in heart tissue injured by MI injury. Mice with cardiac overexpression of human GRK4 wild-type or human GRK4–486A > V were vulnerable to MI, evidenced by exaggerated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. By contrast, the MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling were reduced in GRK4 knockout mice. GRK4 overexpression in cardiomyocytes had aggravated apoptosis, decreased autophagy, and decreased beclin1 expression, which were ameliorated by the autophagy agonist rapamycin. MI also induced the nuclear aggregation of GRK4. GRK4 inhibited autophagy by decreasing HDAC4 nuclear localization. A constitutively nuclear-localized mutant HDAC4 S3A partially restored the GRK4-induced inhibition of autophagy. Patients with MI carrying the constitutively active GRK4 486A > V variant had greater impairment of cardiac function than wild-type carriers. Conclusions: GRK4 increases cardiomyocyte injury caused by MI by inhibiting autophagy and promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These GRK4 effects are mediated by phosphorylation of HDAC4 and a decrease in beclin1 expression.