Activities Of Self-government Bodies Research Articles

Оцінка стану та моделювання перспектив розвитку фінансової спроможності територіальних громад

The aim of the article is to assess the state of financial capacity of territorial communities of the Zhytomyr region and to model the prospects for their development, taking into account the established trends. It is substantiated that in order to achieve the effective functioning and development of territorial communities, all efforts should be aimed at the development of internal potential, the optimal use of mechanisms for the formation of the revenue side of local budgets and the rational use of the formed financial resources. It is found that the execution of local budgets of territorial communities of the Zhytomyr region in terms of key indicators indicates an unstable situation that characterizes the average trends in Ukraine, which is explained by the high concentration of production and service enterprises in the central regions of Ukraine (including in the Zhytomyr region), whose tax payments provide the lion’s share of all revenues to local budgets. It is identified that within the boundaries of the Zhytomyr region, communities with a population of up to 10 thousand people demonstrate the best results of economic management. In particular, it is found that the communities comprising from 5 to 10 thousand persons have the highest variability of the results obtained, which can be explained by their high flexibility and dependence on the quality of management. It is proved that the least effective and most vulnerable were large communities with a population of more than 15 thousand people. According to all of the above indicators, they were worse than the regional average, and there was not a single hromada with exemplary results among them. The main criteria for the success of territorial communities are allocated and substantiated, in particular: the optimal number of communities is up to 10 thousand people; effective financial provision, stability and sufficiency of resources; qualified specialists in self-government bodies; high-quality control over the activities of self-government bodies; activity and initiative of the community

Опыт работы органов самоуправления на Тульском оружейном заводе во второй половине XVIII ‒ первой половине XIX вв.

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of self-government at the regional level on the example of self-government bodies established at the Tula Arms Plant in the second half of the 18th century. There has been an increase in the number of studies on the elective services of Tula gunsmiths since the 1990s and this article takes the next step in the detailed research of the subject. Most of the archival documents used to prepare the article have been introduced into academic circulation for the first time. The author focuses on a number of issues: the membership and method of manning self-government bodies of Tula gunsmiths, the specifics of their activities and functions, their place in the system of self-government at the plant, and their role in the organization of the production process. The system of self-government bodies at the Tula Arms Plant included the armourers’ ratusha, the orphan court and the verbal court. Functional approach was used to analyse the activities of these bodies; it allowed us to systematize the directions of their work and reveal the hierarchy and the position of each of the elective services there. Special attention is paid to the interaction of armourers’ ratusha with other self-government bodies and the reflection of the topic of self-government in the normative legal acts regulating the work of the Tula Arms Plant (Regulations on the plant dated 1782 and 1823). At the same time, the activities of selfgovernment bodies are considered as elements of social policy carried out by the administration of the Tula Arms Plant. The formation and development of self-government institutions are examined on the example of the Tula and Izhevsk arms plants, with the identification of common and characteristic features in the development of these bodies of authority.

THE URBAN COMMUNITIES OF THE LEFT-BANK UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF MODERNIZATION OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Changes in dynamics and structure of urban population of the Left-bank Ukraine in the second half of the ХІХ century are analyzed in the article. The regional peculiarities of the ethnonational and social composition of urban population are shown. The urban community is characterized as being the overwhelming majority of the population of cities and towns of the Left-bank of Ukraine. The types of occupations of urban citizens and their place in the social hierarchy of the city are outlined. The main religious groups in the cities of left-bank Ukrain and their impact on the community life are considered. Common features and regional peculiarities in the formation of city self-government bodies, the percentage of population that took part in the formation of self-government bodies are presented. Based on the use of the method of historical statistics, the educational level of urban residents who participated in the activities of self-government bodies, are determined. The reasons for the ineff ectiveness of self-governing bodies are stated.