Activity Of Different Intensities Research Articles

Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.

This narrative review assesses the use of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in managing persons with type 1 diabetes (PWD) in the pediatric population. It outlines current research, the differences between various AID systems currently on the market and the challenges faced, and discusses potential opportunities for further advancements within this field. Furthermore, the narrative review includes various expert opinions on how different AID systems can be used in the event of challenges with rapidly changing insulin requirements. These include examples, such as during illness with increased or decreased insulin requirements and during physical activity of different intensities or durations. Case descriptions give examples of scenarios with added user-initiated actions depending on the type of AID system used. The authors also discuss how another AID system could have been used in these situations.

Do Fundamental Movement Skill Domains in Early Childhood Predict Engagement in Physical Activity of Varied Intensities Later at School Age? A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

This study was conducted to determine how total fundamental movement skill (FMS) score and, separately, locomotor skill (LMS), and object control skill scores in children 3–8 years old predicted their specific-intensity physical activity 3 years later. Overall, 441 Finnish children (51.7% female, baseline mean age of 5.6 years) participated in the study. Total FMS, LMS, and object control skill scores were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, third edition. The time spent engaged in physical activity of different intensities (light, moderate, vigorous, moderate-to-vigorous, light-to-vigorous, and sedentary behavior) was determined using accelerometers. A two-level regression model was used in the analysis, considering potential covariates and interactions. The results showed that moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were predicted by the total FMS score (β = 0.177 to 0.203, p = .001–.003) and the LMS score (β = 0.140 to 0.164, p = .004–.014), but not the object control skill score. Moreover, the LMS score inversely predicted sedentary behavior (β = −0.116, p = .042). In conclusion, higher FMS and, specifically, LMS scores seem to predict more engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and less sedentary behavior over time. However, most of the variance in physical activity remains unexplained.

Replacing screen time, with physical activity and sleep time: influence on cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in Brazilian children

ObjectiveTo examine if the substitution of different screen time intervals with light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep is associated with cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in children. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study developed with 186 children aged between six and 11 years old from public schools in southern Brazil. CRF was measured with the 6-minute running and walking test, following the Brazil Sports Project procedures. The percentage of fat was evaluated through DXA. LPA and MVPA were measured using accelerometers. Sleep and screen time were assessed by questionnaires answered by parents. Leptin and C-reactive protein were measured by fasting blood collection. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined through a digital sphygmomanometer. Isotemporal substitution models were used for statistical analysis. ResultsReplacing 1 h of screen time with MVPA was associated with lower BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fat percentage, leptin, and C-reactive protein. When screen time was substituted for sleep time, lower waist circumference was observed. Regarding the substitution of 1 h of screen time with LPA, significant values were found only for leptin. ConclusionThe replacement of screen time with physical activities of different intensities and sleep time was associated with benefits in cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in childhood.

Combined effect of sedentary behavior and physical activity of different intensity on cardiovascular health

Sedentary behavior (SB) and low (insufficient) physical activity (LPA) are two complementary negative factors affecting cardiovascular health. Most of the current studies are devoted to the study of SB and physical activity (PA) of different intensity separately, while their combined effect has not been studied enough. The purpose was to analyze the literature on the assessment of combined SB+PA effect of different intensity on the general and cardiovascular health of a person. When preparing the review, a search was made for publications in the MedLine, Cochrane, Scopus databases, as well as electronic resources e-library, CyberLeninka and libraries of physical culture and sports universities in Russia for 2002-2022.Issues related to various SB+PA combinations and their effects on general and cardiovascular health are considered and discussed. The facts of the favorable effect of switching sedentary behavior on the same time moderate-intensity PA are presented. The presented data indicate the need for further study, taking into account the mutual substitution of SB and FA of different intensity.

Abstract P561: Reallocation of Sedentary Time With Light Physical Activity is Associated With Higher Sleep Efficiency in African Caribbeans

Introduction: Sleep efficiency (or sleep continuity, i.e., a ratio of time spent sleeping to time spent in bed), is inversely associated with hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism, CVD risk, and mortality risk. Prolonged sedentary behavior and physical activity are independently associated with sleep efficiency. However, it is not well documented how substituting time in sedentary behavior with physical activity affects sleep efficiency, especially among African-ancestry populations, who are at high risk for CVD. Aim: To determine if displacement of sedentary time with activity was cross-sectionally associated with higher sleep efficiency among African Caribbean men (n=231) and women (n=668) from the Tobago Health Study. Methods: Sleep efficiency, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were collected using a SenseWear Pro Armband. Participants wore the armband at all times, except in water, for 4-7 days. We used the Isotemporal Substitution Framework paired with linear regression to examine associations of SB, LPA and MVPA with sleep efficiency adjusting for age, education, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, and sleep medication. Results: Men (mean age ± Standard deviation: 63.2 ± 8.2 years; mean BMI 28.2 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 ) spent on average less time in SB (12.4 ± 2.9 hours/day) and more time in LPA (4.7 ± 2.1 hours /day) and MVPA (0.92 ± 0.88 hours/day) than women (mean age 55.6 ± 8.7 years; mean BMI 31.8 ± 6.4 kg/m 2 ) (all p-vales <0.001). Men had lower sleep efficiency (74.6% ± 10.4) than women (81.2% ± 0.96; p-value <0.001). Cross-sectionally reallocating 1 hour of SB with LPA was associated with a 1% higher sleep efficiency (p-value=0.016) in men and with a 0.37% higher sleep efficiency in women (p-value=0.074). In men, reallocating 1 hour of SB with MVPA and 1 hour of LPA with MVPA were significantly associated with lower sleep efficiency [-1.9% (p-value=0.014) and -2.8% (p-value=0.017), respectively]; in women these associations were not statistically significant. Interaction term for sex and sleep efficiency was statistically significant (p-value <0.0001). Conclusions: In this population with short sleep duration, reallocating 1 hour of SB with LPA was associated with higher sleep efficiency in both genders. In contrast, among men only, reallocating 1 hour of SB to MVPA and 1 hour of LPA to MVPA were unexpectedly associated with lower sleep efficiency. Further research is warranted to understand these relationships longitudinally to determine how truly replacing SB for activities of different intensities impacts sleep health, which could then potentially inform lifestyle guidelines in older Caribbeans. In this highly sedentary population, interventions aimed at increasing LPA may be easier to implement and maintain and provide greater sleep and overall health benefit.

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019

IntroductionData on the associations of prepandemic physical activity and sedentary behavior with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, particularly milder illness, have been limited. MethodsWe used data from 43,913 participants within the Nurses’ Health Study II and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who responded to periodic COVID-related surveys from May 2020 through March 2021. History of physical activity from the prepandemic period was assessed as the metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-hours per week of various activities of different intensity and sedentary behavior assessed from reports of time spent sitting from questionnaires completed 2016-2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity, as well as predicted COVID-19 defined using a validated symptom-based algorithm. ResultsHigher levels of prepandemic physical activity were associated with a lower risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared to participants with <3 MET-hours per week, the multivariable-adjusted OR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.99; P trend =.07) for those with ≥27 MET-hours per week. Higher physical activity levels were also associated with lower risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99; P trend = .05) and predicted COVID-19 (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97; P trend = .01). Longer time sitting at home watching TV (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.97) or for other tasks (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.92) was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ConclusionsOur findings support a protective association between prepandemic physical activity and lower risk and severity of COVID-19.

A virtual reality physical activity pattern assessment: Mixed crossover experiments and cluster analysis.

The subjects' physical activity levels and enjoyment of exercise after 15 min of virtual reality (VR) physical activity of different intensities were compared. Thirty-two subjects were selected for a mixed crossover experiment. They were randomly assigned to exercise in three VR games with different exercise intensities. Acceleration data of the subjects were collected and subjects' exercise enjoyment and exercise levels were compared. The subjects' emotional efficacy and arousal during exercise were measured and evaluated using the Feeling Scale (FS) and the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), and the acceleration data were evaluated by clustering using the fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering algorithm. A one-way ANOVA was performed on FS and FAS before and after VR physical activity, P overall p = .003 in FS, before and after low-intensity (LI), medium-intensity (MI), and high-intensity (HI) VR physical activity, the p-values were.087, p = .027, and p = .021, respectively. p < .001 in FAS, before and after LI, MI, and HI VR physical activity, the p-values were .029, < .001, < .001. According to the FCM clustering of acceleration activity counts by LI, MI, and HI, the clustering centers of the right arm acceleration counts were 2016.77, 6118.31, and 9923.45; the clustering centers of the right thigh acceleration counts were 248.30, 1895.22, and 3485.60; and the clustering centers of the combined upper and lower limb acceleration counts were 1443.83, 4415.47, and 7149.13. VR physical activity enhances subjects' sense of enjoyment of exercise and emotional arousal, with moderate intensity VR physical activity having the best effect. VR physical activity is skewed toward high upper-extremity activity and low lower-extremity activity. The combined intensity of VR physical activity matches that of traditional exercise, and it can achieve the workout effect of the traditional workout modality.

China’s urban-rural expansion and natural habitat loss since the 1980s: Retrospective analysis and future suggestions

Natural habitats transformed to city or countryside with human activities of different intensities have reshaped regional and global landscapes, especially in those rapid developed low- and mid-income countries, like China. China’s rapid shift in urban and rural expansion, which are greater than and equal to, and below county-level’s artificial land expansion, and reduction in farmland and ecological land are important for determining future urban and rural development under the conservation and protection of farmland and ecosystems; however, such an understanding is still inadequate. Here, we show that both urban and rural expansions have encroached on farmland and ecological land since 1980; rural areas, with 1.33 km2 × 105 km2 in 2020, remain larger than urban areas, with 0.97 km2 × 105 km2 in 2020. However, urban areas (1857.5 km2/year) increased faster than rural areas (695.0 km2/year) during 1980–2020, rural expansion primarily occurred in the 1980s and 1990s, and urban expansion primarily occurred after 2000 especially 2000s. Farmland is the major land cover that has been occupied by urban and rural expansion for 53.7 and 39.1 thousand km2, especially in East China’s densely populated areas. And, both farmland and ecological land were primarily encroached during 2000s. Our results demonstrate imbalanced urban and rural expansion and encroachment on farmland and ecological land; thus, both forms of encroachment should be optimized at the regional scale based on the socioeconomic needs and natural conditions, and diverse policies can be designed to support local sustainable development.

Intervention of Physical Activity for University Students with Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Although physical activity has been widely recognized as an effective way to improve anxiety and depression, we lack a systematic summary of research on improving anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to systematically analyze how physical activity impacts on this situation in college students during COVID-19. (2) Methods: Both Chinese and English databases (PubMed the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang) were analyzed. All the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about physical activity intervention for this were included. We received eight eligible RCT experiments before the retrieval time (4 October 2022) in the meta-analysis. (3) Results: Physical activity benefits for college students with significant anxiety were (SMD = -0.50; 95% CI = -0.83 to -0.17; I2 = 84%; p < 0.001; Z = 2.98;) and depression (SMD = -0.62; 95% CI = -0.99 to -0.25; I2 = 80.7%; p < 0.001; Z = 3.27). Subgroup analyses showed physical activity of different intensities significantly impacted on improving college students' depression and anxiety, but physical activity of 6 < 9 Mets intensity had a greater effect on anxiety than on depression. Interventions of eight weeks or less performed better than those of over eight weeks while interventions less than four times per week had a significant effect on improving the situation. The overall effect of a single intervention of 30 min was more effective than one of over 60 min. (4) Conclusion: Physical activities can effectively improve the situation of anxiety and depression for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a higher quality RCT experiment is needed to prove it.

Modelling and experimental study of thermo-physiological responses of human exercising in cold environments

A numerical human thermo-physiological model is developed with the consideration of characteristics of exercising people in cold environments. The developed model is characterized by: 1) the concept of net exercise efficiency which is used to correct the calculation of metabolic heat production by excluding mechanical energy; 2) the effects of low temperature on basal metabolic rate and basal blood flow rate; 3) the integration with a multi-layer clothing model to calculate the heat and moisture transfer through the clothing system, which takes into account the air gaps between the clothing layers to reflect the ventilation and air penetration effect from the ambient wind. Human subject experiment is conducted in a climate chamber to validate the proposed model. The human subject experiment is also carried out in a cold environment (−5 °C) combined with different air velocity conditions (still air, 2 m/s), taking into account the activities of different intensities (standing statically, 2 km/h walking and 7 km/h running). Thermo-physiological parameters including the core temperature, 8-point local skin temperatures and the clothing layer temperatures, are measured during the experiment. Comparison between the predicted and experimental results gives the root mean squared error (RMSE) of core temperature and mean skin temperature of 0.06–0.10 °C and 0.17–0.27 °C, respectively. RMSE values for local skin and clothing layer temperatures are no higher than 1.5 °C and most within 0.8 °C. The model is also validated with published data under various ambient temperature and activity intensity conditions. The proposed model is shown to be capable of predict the thermo-physiological responses of people exposed and exercising in cold environments.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature Up-Step on Human Thermal Perception and Skin Temperature between Activity Intensities at Low Ambient Temperatures

In the north of China, during winter, a large number of activities (such as leisure, work, sightseeing and sports) are engaged in. This paper mainly focuses on human thermal perceptions of outdoor activities in a winter climate, especially the change in thermal perceptions when humans enter a temporary rest space with a shelter effect. A climate chamber was applied in our experiments, and temperature up-steps of 4, 8 and 12 °C were set, respectively. Twenty four college students were invited to engage in activities of different intensities, such as standing, walking (slowly) and biking. Through questionnaire survey and field measurement, the subjects’ thermal sensation, thermal comfort and skin temperature were obtained. Hypothesis testing and non-linear regression methods were introduced to analyze experiment data. Major results were as follows. After temperature up-step changes, thermal sensation and skin temperature reach steady state within 30 min. However, the change in skin temperature caused by a short-term thermal experience does not disappear completely within 40 min. In addition to the influence of ambient temperature changes, activity intensity also influenced the variation in thermal sensation (subjective) and skin temperature (objective). These study results provide a scientific reference for future research and design of a temporary rest space in low ambient temperatures. Experimental studies including broader age groups and outdoor field tests are valuable for future research.

Replacing Sedentary Behavior With Physical Activity of Different Intensities: Implications for Physical Function, Muscle Function, and Disability in Octogenarians Living in Long-Term Care Facilities.

We investigated the associations of replacing sedentary behavior (SB) with physical activity of different intensities on the physical function of octogenarians living in long-term care facilities. This pooled study recruited 427 older adults aged 80 years and older (69.1% female; body mass index: 27.53). For 345 participants who provided valid data, we assessed device-measured time spent in SB, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). We assessed lower limb physical function, strength, mobility, and disability. We used compositional data analysis to investigate the associations of replacing SB with physical activity on the outcomes. Reallocation of SB to LIPA and MVPA was associated with a higher number of 30-second Chair Stand cycles (LIPA: +0.21, MVPA: +1.81; P < .001), greater peak force (LIPA: +11.96N, MVPA: +27.68N; P < .001), peak power (LIPA: +35.82W, MVPA: +92.73W; P < .001), peak velocity (LIPA: +0.03m/s, MVPA: +0.12m/s; P < .001), higher levels of grip strength (LIPA: +0.68kg, MVPA: +2.49kg; P < .001), and less time in the Time Up and Go (LIPA: -7.63s, MVPA: -12.43s; P < .001). Replacing SB with LIPA or MVPA is associated with physical function and disability of older adults living in long-term care facilities.

The Level of Anxiety among Medical University Students with Physical Activity of Different Intensity

Introduction: High standards are set for university students in the learning process while young people are not always psy- chologically and emotionally ready to comply with such requirements. New living conditions, difficulties of higher education, and/or the forthcoming examination period can suppress adaptive capabilities and cause stress and anxiety in students.Objective: To compare the levels of situational and personal anxiety in medical university students having different intensityof physical activity. Materials and methods: The study involved 684 medical students (30.7 % of boys and 69.3 % of girls) aged 18 to 25 years. Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and in accordance with the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) indicators, all students were divided into three groups by their physical activity intensity (low (1), moderate (2), and high (3)). The level of situational and personal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a 40-item self-completed questionnaire, developed by Charles D. Spielberger and adapted by Yuri L. Hanin. Results: We established a higher level of situational anxiety in students with low physical activity compared to those with high intensity (42.18 ± 3.67 against 31.29 ± 3.45 points, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). Similar results were obtained in groups 1 and 3 for personal anxiety (47.69 ± 3.71 against 33.30 ± 3.50 points, p &lt; 0.01). The sex-specific analysis of average levels of situational and personal anxiety in group 2 showed higher personal anxiety in young women than in men (48.14 ± 3.81 against 36.06 ± 3.49 points, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a statistically significant inverse correlation between the levels of both situational and personal anxiety and the intensity of physical activity among the medical university students.

Associations of lipoprotein particle profile and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in schoolchildren: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundOur understanding of the mechanisms through which physical activity might benefit lipoprotein metabolism is inadequate. Here we characterise the continuous associations between physical activity of different intensities, sedentary time, and a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile.MethodsOur cohort included 762 fifth grade (mean [SD] age = 10.0 [0.3] y) Norwegian schoolchildren (49.6% girls) measured on two separate occasions across one school year. We used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to produce 57 lipoprotein measures from fasted blood serum samples. The children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to record time spent in light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity, and sedentary time. We used separate multivariable linear regression models to analyse associations between the device-measured activity variables—modelled both prospectively (baseline value) and as change scores (follow-up minus baseline value)—and each lipoprotein measure at follow-up.ResultsHigher baseline levels of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile at follow-up. The strongest associations were with the larger subclasses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Sedentary time was associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein particle profile, the pattern of associations being the inverse of those in the moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity analyses. The associations with light-intensity physical activity were more modest; those of the change models were weak.ConclusionWe provide evidence of a prospective association between time spent active or sedentary and lipoprotein metabolism in schoolchildren. Change in activity levels across the school year is of limited influence in our young, healthy cohort.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT02132494. Registered 7th April 2014

TIEMPO DEDICADO A ACTIVIDADES FÍSICAS DE DIFERENTE INTENSIDAD Y SU RELACIÓN CON VARIABLES ANTROPOMÉTRICAS Y GRASA CORPORAL EN ESCOLARES COSTARRICENSES

Introduction: Physical activity is important in the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity. Objective: To determine the association between the time that Costa Rican schoolchildren dedicate to physical activities of different intensities with anthropometric variables and with the percentage of body fat. Materials and methods: Participants were 21 boys and 11 girls with ages between 6 and 9 years old. Anthropometric measurements were weight, size, arm circumference, waist circumference, sub scapular fold, tricipital fold. BMI, arm muscle circumference, arm area, arm muscle area, fat arm area, and waist/height ratio were calculated. Analysis of the percentage of body fat was carried out by the deuterium method. The time devoted to physical activity at different intensity was recorded using the Actiheart accelerometer and the variables recorded were sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous and moderate + vigorous condition. Results: Boys presented significantly higher values (p &lt;0.05) in the moderate, vigorous and moderate + vigorous condition than girls. Pearson's correlation analysis determined a negative association between moderate physical activity time and moderate + vigorous intensity with weight, BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and body fat percentage. Conclusions: Schoolchildren between 6 and 9 years of age who dedicate more time to activities of moderate intensity and moderate + vigorous intensity reduce risk factors related to the development of non-communicable diseases. Key words: Physical Activity; Anthropometry; School Children; Body Fat; Intensity of Physical Activity; Time of Physical Activity.

Association of dog ownership with accelerometer-measured physical activity and daily steps in 70-year-old individuals: a population-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundDog ownership (DO) has been associated with higher levels of self-reported walking and physical activity. However, compared to device-based measures, self-reported measures of physical activity may suffer from bias due to recall and social desirability. They are also incapable of quantifying light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and step volume, both of which may have important health benefits, especially for older adults. In this study, we investigated the association of DO with accelerometer-measured physical activity of different intensities and daily steps in 70-year-old individuals.MethodsThis was a population-based cross-sectional study including 1406 participants aged 70 years [54.1% female] who participated in a health survey in Umeå, Sweden between February 2017–November 2019. All participants self-reported DO [yes/no]. Daily averages of LPA, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and steps per day [steps/d] were measured for 1 week using hip-mounted Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Associations were investigated using linear- and logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related factors, date of examination, and accelerometer wear time.ResultsThe prevalence of DO was 14.1% [N = 199]. After adjustment for all covariates, DO was associated with 19.2 more minutes/d of LPA [95% CI, 8.8–29.6], 11.4 more minutes/d of MVPA [95% CI, 8.0–14.9] and 1738 more steps/d [95% CI, 1326–2149]. DO was also associated with twice the odds of meeting the physical activity recommendations [OR, 2.07, 95% CI, 1.48–2.90]. Exploratory interaction analyses showed that the association between DO and steps/d was stronger [Pinteraction = 0.030] in female [β = 2165, 95% CI, 1585–2744] than in male [β =1255, 95% CI, 664–1845], with a similar trend for MVPA [Pinteraction = 0.082].ConclusionsIn this study of community-dwelling 70-year-old individuals, DO was associated with higher levels of daily LPA, MVPA, and steps. With the limitation of the observational design of the study, these findings add knowledge regarding the beneficial role that DO may play for promoting physical activity in the older population. In turn, these findings could support the development and evaluation of targeted interventions seeking to promote dog-friendly environments and facilitate dog walking in the community.

Adaptive notch-filtration to effectively recover photoplethysmographic signals during physical activity

Physical activity can severely influence the quality of photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals due to motion artefacts (MA). This study aims to extract heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) values from raw PPG signals captured from a multi-wavelength illumination optoelectronic patch sensor (mOEPS) during physical activity of different intensities, and to do this in an effective manner. The proposed method, combined with a 3-axis accelerometer as a motion reference, was developed for the extraction of the desired PPG signals. The adaptive notch-filtration architecture (ANFA) comprises three parts: 1) the adaptive moving average filter, 2) the adaptive notch filter, and 3) extraction for physiological parameters. 24 healthy subjects completed four stages of exercise of increasing intensity. The recovered PPG signals for the calculation of HR and RR were comparable to the measurements from commercial devices, with an average absolute error for HR of < 1.0 beats/min for the IEEE-SPC dataset, and 1.3 beats/min for HR, and 2.8 breaths/min for RR, from the in–house dataset. The ANFA has been proofed to have a good robustness and low complexity to be suitable for application in real-time physiological monitoring.

Revisiting the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity with all-cause mortality using a compositional approach: the Women's Health Study

BackgroundWhile physical activity has consistently been associated with decreased mortality rates, it remains unknown if there is a single “ideal” combination of time in physical activities of different intensities and sedentary behavior (SB) associated with the lowest rate. This study examined the associations of combinations of time in moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA), higher-light intensity (HLPA), lower-light intensity activities (LLPA), and SB with mortality rates in older women.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 16,676 older women from throughout the United States enrolled in the Women’s Health Study. Women wore accelerometers on their hip from 2011 to 2015 and were followed through 2017 (mean (SD) of 4.3 (1.1) years). Deaths were confirmed with medical records, death certificates, or the National Death Index. Compositional Cox regression models were used.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 72 (5.7) years at accelerometer wear; 503 women died. Compared to the least active women (mean, 3 min/day MVPA, 27 min/day HLPA, 162 min/day LLPA, and 701 min/day SB): compositional models showed an inverse L-shaped dose-response association of MVPA replacing other behaviors with mortality rates mortality rates (P = .02); SB relative to LLPA, HLPA, and MVPA was directly associated with mortality rates in a curvilinear dose-response manner (P < .001); replacing 10 min of SB for MVPA (HR (95% CI) = .86 (.73–.98)) or for HLPA (HR (95% CI.94 (.88–1.00)) associated with 14 and 6% lower mortality rates, respectively; a 47% risk reduction (HR [95% CI] = .53 [.42–.64]) was observed among women meeting physical activity guidelines (mean, 36 min/day MVPA, 79 min/day HLPA, 227 min/day LLPA and 549 min/day SB); and similar mortality rate reductions of 43% (HR (95% CI) = .57 (.41–.73)) were observed with increases in HLPA and LLPA without increasing MVPA, e.g., reallocating SB to 90 min/day of HLPA plus 120 min/day of LLPA.ConclusionsThere was no “ideal” combination of physical activities of different intensities and SB associated with the lowest mortality rates. Of particular relevance to older women, replacing SB with light intensity activity was associated with lower mortality rates, and “mixing and matching” times in different intensities yielded equivalent mortality risk reductions.

In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Status Determined by Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. Dry Extracts.

Lichens represent an important resource for common traditional medicines due to their numerous metabolites that can exert diverse pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. To find new anticancer compounds with fewer side effects and low tumor resistance, a bioprospective study of Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. (U. barbata), a lichen from the Călimani Mountains (Suceava county, Romania) was performed. The aim of this research was to investigate the anticancer potential, morphologic changes, wound healing property, clonogenesis, and oxidative stress biomarker status of four extracts of U. barbata in different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), and also of usnic acid (UA) as a positive control on the CAL-27 (ATCC® CRL-2095™) oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) cell line and V79 (ATCC® CCL-93™) lung fibroblasts as normal cells. Using the MTT assay and according to IC50 values, it was found that the most potent anticancer property was displayed by acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. All U. barbata extracts determined morphological modifications (losing adhesion capacity, membrane shrinkage, formation of abnormal cellular wrinkles, and vacuolization) with higher intensity in tumor cells than in normal ones. The most intense anti-migration effect was established in the acetone extract treatment. The clonogenic assay showed that some U. barbata extracts decreased the ability of cancer cells to form colonies compared to untreated cells, suggesting a potential anti-tumorigenic property of the tested extracts. Therefore, all the U. barbata extracts manifest anticancer activity of different intensity, based, at least partially, on an imbalance in antioxidant defense mechanisms, causing oxidative stress.

School schedule affects sleep, but not physical activity, screen time and diet behaviors

BackgroundBehavioral changes during adolescence are affected by biological and social aspects. However, environment aspects, which are beyond adolescents’ control, also contribute to behavior adoption, and school may have a significant impact in these behaviors. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate how lifestyle behaviors are associated with the school shift attended by high school students. MethodsThe sample comprised 635 high school students (51.2% girls, 16.33 ± 1.0 years old) from Southern Brazil. Physical activities of different intensities (light and moderate-to-vigorous), sedentary behaviors, and sleep (duration, efficiency, and timing) were measured using accelerometers. Engagement in sport and non-sport activities, screen time indicators, and diet were self-reported. Linear models were fitted to compare each lifestyle behavior between the two school shifts. ResultsStudents attending the afternoon shift slept (β = 01:29 95%CI 01:13; 01:46) and woke up later (β = 01.41 95%CI 01:27; 01:54), and had a longer sleep duration (β = 00:12 95%CI 0:02; 00:21) than those attending the morning shift. However, the sleep efficiency of those in the afternoon shift was lower than their peers in the morning shift (β = −1.89 95%CI -3.01; −0.77). ConclusionsSchool schedule was associated with sleep behaviors of adolescents, but not with other lifestyle behaviors.