Activity Of Bioactive Compounds Research Articles

Potential of Fermented Rice Bran as a Functional Food Ingredient to Prevent Colon Cancer

Rice bran is a by-product of rice processing rich in bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds include phenolic, flavonoid, steroidal components, and anthocyanins. The activity of bioactive compounds in rice bran can be enhanced by a biotechnological process, namely fermentation. The fermentation process in rice bran increases the phenolic component due to the breakdown of complex phenolic compounds with several enzymes produced by microorganisms. Fermented bran containing abundant bioactive components has the potential as a functional food to prevent colon cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that fermented bran prevent the development of colon cancer better than non-fermented bran. Prevention of colon cancer based on in vivo and in vitro studies can be through increasing the expression of apoptotic genes, decreasing proliferation marker genes, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The process of preventing colon cancer with bioactive components can be through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, protection of cells against free radicals, deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and enhancement of the immune response.

The activity of bioactive compounds from bidara upas (Merremia mammosa (Lour) Hall. f.) as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV2 entry stage: In silico study

Background: Covid 19 is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2, a novel coronavirus. This virus enters target organ epithelial cells by utilising two host proteins; Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). The inhibition of TMPRSS2 has shown to be a promising means to prevent viral infection. Molecular docking, and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) analysis will determine the activity of Merremia mammosa (Lour) Hall.f. secondary metabolites against the TMPRSS2 of SARS-CoV2. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the in silico activity of Merremia mammosa (Lour) Hall.f. active compounds against TMPRSS2 of SARS-CoV2. Method: Molecular docking was performed on 206 compounds obtained through metabolite profiling from a previous study on the SARS-CoV TMPRSS-2 protein (PDB id.7MEQ) using the Maestro Schrodinger software. Result: The results indicated there were 6 compounds (three of which were flavonoids: cynarine, phellodensin F, and gemixanthone A) with docking scores lower than standard drugs (nafamostat as a native ligand). ADMET analysis revealed that among 6 compounds, cynarine has the highest drug-likeness and the greatest inhibitory potential against TMPRSS2. Conclusion: Cynarine was found to be active and promising to be developed as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV2 entry step.

Comparison of different drying technologies for brocade orange (Citrus sinensis) peels: Changes in color, phytochemical profile, volatile, and biological availability and activity of bioactive compounds

This study evaluated the effects of freeze drying (FD), heat pump drying (HPD), microwave drying (MD), and far-infrared drying (FID) on the quality of brocade orange peels (BOPs). Although the most attractive appearance, maximum levels of ascorbic acid (0.46 mg/g dry weight (DW)), carotenoids (total 16.34 μg/g DW), synephrine (15.58 mg/g DW), limonoids (total 4.60 mg/g DW), phenols (total 9142.80 μg/g DW), and antioxidant activity were observed in FD-BOPs, many aroma components in FD-BOPs were in the minimum levels. HPD-, and MD-BOPs depicted similar trends to FD-BOPs, but they contained the highest concentrations of limonene and β-myrcene. Phenols and ascorbic acid in MD-BOPs generally featured the highest levels of bioavailability, being to 15.99% and 63.94%, respectively. In comparison, FID was not beneficial for the preservation of bioactive compounds and volatile. Therefore, considering time and energy costs, HPD and particularly MD are more appropriate for the commercial production of dried BOPs.

Proposed Functional Activity of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Spatholobus littoralis</i> Hassk in LC-MS-MS and Silico Studies

Spatholobus littoralis Hassk has biological activities such as strong antioxidants, booster of leydig cell enhancer and testosterone level booster in male rattus norvegicus, wound healer on the white mouse incision and cytotoxic against cell culture MCF7, HepG2, T47D, WIDR, HTB, and HeLa. This present study aim is to predict predict bioactive compounds from S. littoralis hassk in silico. The methods comprises maceration, LCMS-MS, and some tools (massylnx V4.1, ChemBio Office 2010, mzCloud MS/MS library, SwissADME, and STITCH). The nine proposed compounds (compound 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, and 12) are predicted to bind and to react with HCAR3 protein and to have potential as a medicine for disease pellagra and distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type 2.

In silico Analysis of Allium sativum Bioactive Compounds against Effector Protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi

Allium sativum commonly known as Garlic is a familiar herb, highly studied for its valuable medicinal properties. The main objective involved in the current research is to analyze inhibitor and antibacterial action of bioactive compounds (ligands) present in the methanolic extract of Allium sativum bulbs against phytopathogen protein (receptor) through molecular docking. The effector protein AvrRps4 (4B6X) from phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi, a protein responsible for Effector triggered immunity (ETI) activation and to subvert host responses in Pea plant was selected as protein target. The docking interactions between opted ligands and target protein, with ampicillin as control was done using PyRx software tool and analysed using Discovery studio 3.1 Visualiser. The outcomes obtained from in silico analysis suggested that the bioactive compound namely Diethyl 3-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]thiophene-2,4-dicarboxylate bind effectively showing -5.7 binding energy value in comparison with antibiotic ampicillin which showed binding energy -5.8 value. This research study concluded that the bioactive compounds from methanolic extract of Allium sativum bulbs displayed a potential inhibitory activity against effector AvrRps4 protein exhibiting antibacterial properties and may be considered as possible substantial lead molecules in future prospects.

Bioactive compounds in garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a source of antioxidants and its potential to improve the immune system: a review

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a type of spice derived from layered tubers, widely used as a source of flavour, taste, and cooking spices. Garlic is a therapeutic ingredient rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants. The purpose of compiling this review is to provide information about bioactive compounds in garlic as a source of bioactive compounds and their potential to improve the immune system. This review also discussed the various effects of garlic processing on the stability and activity of bioactive compounds and the changes that occur during storage. Garlic contains high levels of organosulfur compounds, micronutrient selenium (Se), and flavonoids. The bioactive compounds in garlic are generally extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Food processing treatments such as boiling, frying, and others can have a positive impact on the organosulfur compounds. Organosulfur levels correlate with changes in antioxidant capacity and activity. The bioactive compounds of garlic can potentially boost the immune system or act as immunostimulants.

LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE: PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES (REVIEW)

Abstract. Plants of the celery family (Apiaceae), used in traditional medicine, have a wide spectrum of effect due to the content of various phytochemical compounds in their composition. One of the promising plants of this family is the medicinal Lovage (Levisticum Officinale). Due to the pharmacological properties of biologically active substances contained in various parts of Levisticum officinale, this plant is increasingly used in medical practice, and as a medicinal raw material is included in some European Pharmacopoeias. Rhizomes, grass and seeds are used as raw materials for medical purposes. The preparation of raw materials is due to the accumulation of biologically active substances: the rhizomes are used from the autumn of the second year of life or for the third or fourth year, which; grass and fruits are also harvested in the autumn. Biologically active substances of the medicinal Lovage (Levisticum officinale) have different effects. The main compound contained in the essential oils of Levisticum officinale are phthalides. In addition to antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects, they are also characterized by gastro and hepatoprotective, neuroprotective properties. Flavonoids are active components with a cytotoxic effect against tumor cells; their neuroprotective and antithrombic effects are known; they have a positive effect on the reproductive system. Chlorogenic acids of medicinal Lovage have antinociceptive and antihypertensive effects. Polyacetylenes inhibit the growth of tumor cells; they have an effect against platelets aggregation. Among the alkaloids of the plant raw materials of medicinal Lovage, tetramethylpyrazine is the most studied, the bioactivity of which is due to antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The revealed wide spectrum of pharmacological action of bioactive compounds of the medicinal Lovage determines the prospect of its use in medical and pharmaceutical practice.

Isolation of Prebiotics from Artocarpus integer's Seed.

There has been a high amount of attention given to prebiotics due to their significant physiological function and health benefits. Prebiotics contain nondigestible compounds that allow specific changes, both in the growth and in the activity of bacteria in the host gastrointestinal tract, that provide benefits upon the host by promoting a healthy digestive system and preventing disease. This study aims at investigating the potential prebiotic activity of bioactive compounds extracted from the seeds of an underutilized indigenous plant Artocarpus integer (A. integer). The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions were a microwave power of 1500 W, extraction time of 180 s, and solvent-to-sample ratio of 1000 : 1. The maximum amount of the total carbohydrate content extracted from A. integer was 787 mg/L. The percentage hydrolysis levels of A. integer extract in gastric juice at pH 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 6.14%, 7.12%, 8.98%, and 10.23%, respectively. For enzymatic digestion, the percentage of hydrolysis was 0.16% at pH 7. A. integer extract was found to support the growth of probiotics such as L. acidophilus and L. casei. After 72 hours of incubation, L. acidophilus achieved 6.96 log10 CFU, whereas L. casei reached 8.33 log10 CFU. The study makes an important contribution to the development of the use of Sarawakian underutilized plants and to the identification of new sources of prebiotic materials to be used in food.

Effect of bioactive compounds released from Brassicaceae defatted seed meals on bacterial load in pig manure

Animal manure application to soils is considered to be one of the main cause of antibiotic and bacterial pathogen spread in the environment. Pig livestock, which is the source of one of the most used fertilizer for cultivated land, is also a hotspot for antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Besides harsh chemical and physical sanitization treatments for the abatement of antibiotics and bacterial load in livestock waste, more sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies need to be considered. In this context, the use of natural substances which are proved useful for pest and disease control is currently under exploration for their role in the reduction of bacterial pathogen population. Among these, plants and derived products from the Brassicaceae family, characterized by the presence of a defensive glucosinolate-myrosinase enzymatic system, have been successfully exploited for years in agriculture using the so-called biofumigation technique against crop diseases. Although the application of biofumigation to suppress a range of soil borne pests has been well documented, no studies have been examined to reduce bacterial population in animal waste. In the present study, the release and the antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds deriving from different Brassicaceae defatted seed meals against pathogens and bacterial population in pig manure is addressed. Rapistrum rugosum and Brassica nigra defatted seed meals were found to be the most active products against tested pathogens and able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the manure.

Influence of extraction methods on bioactive compounds from Ngoc Linh ginseng callus

Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv or Vietnamese ginseng is a valuable medicinal herb with high economic value in the world. In this study, three target compounds were surveyed as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins to evaluate the effects of factors including microwave, ultrasound, enzyme amylase, and cellulase for the first time. The results of the study showed that with different extraction conditions, the recovery efficiency of polyphenol, polysaccharide, and saponin was also different. With the addition of 1.2% of the enzyme amylase (v/v) in 8 hrs of incubation, the highest total content of polyphenol and polysaccharide was obtained, equivalent to 6.48 mg GAE/g sample and 312.48 mg Glu/g sample. While the total saponin content reached the highest value of 4.60 mg/g sample at 4 hrs of incubation using 0.8% of cellulase enzyme (v/v). The effect of microwave and ultrasound also showed a significant recovery efficiency for the three analyzed compounds. But compared to the use of two enzymes (amylase, cellulase), the efficiency was lower. The use of these extraction techniques was based on the advantages of environmental friendliness, simple operation, lower investment costs, and power saving. At the same time, it can improve the extraction and recovery efficiency as well as the activity of bioactive compounds.

The activity of bioactive compounds against several diseases by modulating autophagy

Several bioactive compounds derived from Indonesia plants, such as xanthorrhizol, gingerol, and pinostrobin are the major compound in a certain plant. They have some pharmacological activities against several diseases, such as inflammation, tumor, and cancer, and modulate other mechanisms. One of them is one of programmed cell death called autophagy. The regulation involves several pathways on upstream and downstream of the autophagy mechanism and affects its activity. Each of the compound has different site of target when it comes to different case of diseases. Here we explained how the bioactive compounds regulate autophagy against several diseases.

A detailed microstructural and multiple responses analysis through blocking design to produce Ca(II)-alginate beads loaded with bioactive compounds extracted from by-products

The aim of the present research was to optimize the generation of Ca(II)-alginate beads containing extracts from by-products using a blocking design, with a concomitant evaluation of the microstructural changes of the hydrogel network assessed by SAXS. Two main industrial parameters were used as variables: sodium-alginate and calcium-chloride concentrations. Multiple responses related to the loading efficiency of the bioactive compounds, their activity by two methods (ABTS and FRAP) and a macroscopic property (roundness) were analyzed through the experimental design. The blocking design was efficient compared to a randomized design as confirmed by F-value>1, highlighting the differences among the extracts. Besides, both synthesis variables significantly affected each response, showing the concentration of sodium alginate a higher impact. On the other hand, the extracts increased the interconnectivity of the rods (changing the fractal dimension from ∼1.80 to ∼2.10) due to the presence of trivalent cations since they induce a larger coordination of the network. The compactness and size of the rods and the characteristic size of the dimers were more influenced by the extracts than by the increase of alginate and calcium concentrations. The optimized combination of alginate (1.5% w/v) and calcium (2.5% w/v) achieved two goals: highest loading efficiency and activities of bioactive compounds, and stabilization of the microstructural modulations due to extract changes.

Antioxidant and anti-aging enzyme activities of bioactive compounds isolated from selected Zingiberaceae plants

Antioxidant and anti-aging enzyme activities of bioactive compounds isolated from selected Zingiberaceae plants

Potency of Three Brown Seaweeds Species as the Inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2

The objective of this study was to evaluate the binding activity of bioactive compounds from three brown seaweed on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 by docking method. The bioactive identification of Sargassum cristaefolium, S. echinocarpum, and Padina australis was carried out using HPLC-HRMS. The ligand structures in PDB format were obtained from the PubChem website and the RdRp from the RCSB website. The binding affinity of the interaction of bioactive components with the RdRp Covid-19 was determined by docking method using AutoDock Vina on PyRx software. The visualization of 2D and 3D interactions between ligands and macromolecules were carried out with the Biovia Discovery Studio and PyMol software. The decoction of S. cristaefolium, S. echinocarpum, and P. australis contained ninety one compounds, and there were twenty compounds with a strong affinity for RdRp. Rhamnetin was a compound of the Sargassum species have the strongest binding affinity of -7.6 kcal/mol. Its affinity bonds were hydrogen bonds in Val315, Arg349, Phe396, Asn628, and hydrophobic bonds in the form of bonds to - and -alkyl from Pro461. Taribavirin bound to RdRp in hydrogen bonds at Thr393, Thr394, and Phe396 and bound hydrophobically to -alkyl from Cys395. Rhamnetin has the same binding affinity region as taribavirin, which was the subdomain finger of the RdRp. In conclusion, rhamnetin is a compound of Sargassum sp that can inhibit the replication and transcription of RdRp SARS-CoV-2 and further studies using the molecular dynamics method on the mechanism of interaction between rhamnetin and the viral RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 are mandatory.

Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds against Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine semen

Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds against Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine semen

Action of bioactive compounds in cellular oxidative response

Nowadays there is a growing demand for biodiesel production which can be made, among other resources, from mushroom biomass. It is well established the continuous growth of the population affected with premature aging and numerous diseases in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated. This fact leads to an increasing consumption of antioxidant rich nutrients, such as mushrooms, which are effectively produced on lignocellulosic biomass substrate. The aim of this study was to investigate, in brain slices, the effect of polysaccharides extracted from the Boletus edulis and Tricholoma equestre mushroom species, in the formation of neuronal ROS, using the fluorescent indicator H2DCFDA. The polysaccharides compounds from both mushroom species had no effect on ROS signals at 0.1 g/L and 0.5 g/L, but decreased the amplitude of the signal at the concentration of 1.0 g/L. These results are in agreement with the idea that polysaccharides have antioxidant properties. Besides the nutritional value of mushrooms, the biomass residues from their production can be used as raw material for bioethanol and biobutanol production, being the later an even more efficient biofuel than ethanol or methanol.

Antimicrobial Activities of Bioactive Compounds from Jatropha curcas

Jatropha curcas L is widely planted in people's homes. Jatropha has many bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. In this research, phytochemical tests and antimicrobial activities of sap and water extraction of Jatropha curcas L leaves on Candida albicans, Aspergillus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carried out. The results of the phytochemical test of sap and water extraction of leaves showed positive results in the test of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins. While steroid testing showed negative results. The antimicrobial capabilities of sap and water extraction of leaves to Aspergillus were 10.5 mm and 11 mm and to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa were 15 mm and 11 mm. Whereas the antimicrobial ability of sap and water extraction of leaf to Candida albicans was negative. In this case, it means that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is including microbes that are sensitive to antimicrobial origin of plants.

Potential Anti-viral Activity of Bio-active Compounds of Indigenous Herbal Plants against COVID-19: A Molecular Docking Study

Potential Anti-viral Activity of Bio-active Compounds of Indigenous Herbal Plants against COVID-19: A Molecular Docking Study

Anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory activities of fractions from methanol root extract of Abrus precatorius L

BackgroundAbrus precatorius possesses various therapeutic properties including anticancer potentials. This study evaluated the anti-proliferative activities of fractions of methanol root extract of A. precatorius on breast and cervical cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effect. Phytochemical screening was done by FTIR and GCMS. In vitro anti-proliferative effect was evaluated on human breast cancer (AU565) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and on murine fibroblast (NIH 3 T3) cells. Antioxidant activity was performed via DPPH radical scavenging assay. The immunomodulatory potential of fractions was evaluated by inhibition of phagocytes oxidative burst (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α.ResultsA. precatorius fractions showed different chemical groups and were somewhat selective in antiproliferative activity against studied cancer cells. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 18.10 μg/mL and 11.89 μg/mL against AU565 and HeLa cells respectively. Hexane fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited HeLa cells (IC50 18.24 ± 0.16 μg/mL), whereas aqueous fraction showed mild inhibition (IC50 46.46 ± 0.14 μg/mL) on AU565 cell proliferation. All fractions showed no cytotoxicity against NIH-3 T3 murine fibroblast normal cells. All fractions showed potent and significant (p < 0.001) DPPH radical scavenging activity as well as suppressed phagocytic oxidative burst. Hexane (< 1 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL), and butanol (5.74 μg/mL) fractions potently inhibited the cytokine TNF- α, hexane (< 1 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL) fractions also potently inhibited NO.ConclusionsThe antiproliferative activities and suppressive effect on the phagocytic oxidative burst, NO and proinflammatory cytokine might be due to the synergistic actions of bioactive compounds especially flavonoids present in the assayed fractions and therefore, suggest chemotherapeutic use of A. precatorius in cancer treatment.

Effect of betaine and selenium on the growth and photosynthetic pigment production in Dunaliella salina as biostimulants.

The aim of our study was to establish the effect of selenium and betaine on the growth of D. salina, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity of the hydrophobic fraction. This approach was an attempt to demonstrate 'microalgae biostimulant' effects, similar to 'plant biostimulant' effects, i.e. increased tolerance to abiotic stress and enhanced accumulation of bioactive compounds. A high-throughput assay was done in 24-well microplates, at 15% NaCl and different concentrations of sodium selenite (0, 0.5, 2 and 8 µM) or betaine (0, 5, 50 and 500 µM). Both selenium and betaine induced a slight delay in algae growth during the actively growing stage but the final density reached similar values to the control. Betaine significantly enhanced (50%-100%) carotenoids and chlorophyll a accumulation, in a concentration depending manner. Antioxidant activity increased almost 3-fold in extracts of algae treated with 50 µM betaine. Selenium had a much more discrete effect than betaine on pigments biosynthesis. The antioxidant activity of the extracts increased 2-fold in the presence of Se compared to the control. Our work proves that it is possible to enhance production and activity of bioactive compounds from microalgae by using ingredients, which already proved to act as plant biostimulants.