Design Of Active Filter Research Articles

Design of solar and energy storage systems fed reduced switch multilevel converter with flower pollination optimization

In the present situation, the growing use of power electronic devices and non-linear loads has led to power quality (PQ) issues, including harmonics and poor power factor, which adversely affect the distribution network. This study contributes a design of shunt active power filter, powered by solar energy and energy storage systems, to address these PQ issues. To minimize losses, a five-level reduced-switch voltage source converter has been considered. Additionally, a neural network-based reference signal generation method is used, eliminating the need for conventional synchronous reference frame and active-reactive power theories, along with their complex abc and αβ0 transformations. This work also includes the optimal selection of the shunt filter and the gain parameters for the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller used in the shunt and battery control system. These parameters, along with the weights and biases of the neural network, are optimally determined using a nature-inspired flower pollination optimization algorithm.The proposed system has three primary objectives: (1) stabilizing the voltage across the DC bus capacitor, (2) reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) and improving the power factor (PF), and (3) ensuring the power management under the varying irradiation and load conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated through three testing scenarios, with results compared to conventional SRF and pq methods using a proportional-integral controller (PIC). The analysis reveals that the THD for the case studies is 3.32 %, 2.93 %, and 3.98 %, significantly lower than the other techniques compared. Additionally, the PF is nearly at unity, with a lower settling time of 0.05 s for the DC bus voltage.

Active filter design and synthesis for hybrid neuro-fuzzy and robust PID controllers

Active filter design and synthesis for hybrid neuro-fuzzy and robust PID controllers

Inertia–Active Power Filter Design Based on Repetitive Control

The advent of distributed generation has brought with it a plethora of challenges for the nascent power systems that are being deployed on a large scale. Firstly, the majority of power electronic converters connected to the grid are in current source mode, which results in a lack of inertia and an inability to provide effective inertia or achieve damping support during fluctuations in grid frequency. Secondly, the issue of power quality, caused by the presence of harmonics, is becoming increasingly severe. This is particularly problematic in microgrids or systems with high line impedance, where harmonics can be amplified, thereby further compromising the stability of the power system. To address the deficiency in system inertia, numerous scholars are currently utilizing grid-forming (GFM) technology to achieve virtual inertia. In order to address the issue of system harmonics, it is possible to install active power filter (APF) devices at the point of common coupling (PCC), which serve to mitigate the effects of harmonics. This paper puts forth a proposal for the implementation of an APF with virtual inertia, based on PR + RC composite control. This composite control mechanism serves to enhance the harmonic suppression capabilities of the APF. The introduction of a frequency droop enables the capacitor voltage amplitude to be adjusted during fluctuations in system frequency, thereby achieving virtual inertia and providing active support for system frequency. The experimental results demonstrate that this strategy not only reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) by 13% in comparison to PI control, indicating excellent harmonic suppression performance, but also allows the system to be inert, achieving positive results in suppressing frequency fluctuations during transients.

A New CMOS FTFNDITA Implementation and Its Application

ABSTRACT This research article presents a new design of a CMOS analog building block, termed a Four Terminal Floating Nullor Differential Input Transconductance Amplifier (FTFNDITA). This new analog building block can operate up to the MHz range and offers low-power dissipation circuitry. The proposed FTFNDITA works with ± 1.65 V power supply. Moreover, a ICs-based FTFNDITA is also developed using an off-self commercially available Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA) as IC AD844 and Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) as IC LM13700 or IC CA3080. To extend the application perspective of the proposed FTFNDITA blocks, a few fundamental analog signal processing circuits like the design of Floating Inductor Simulator (FIS), First-Order Low-Pass Filter (FLPF), Floating Capacitance Multiplier (FCM), and its extension for active filter design, are incorporated. In addition, a non-ideality investigation is also performed to test the deviation between the ideal and practical design. Finally, PSPICE and experimental verifications are observed to validate the functionality of FTFNDITA.

Harmonic mitigation using optimal active power filter for the improvement of power quality for a electric vehicle changing station

The idea of electric vehicles (EVs) is relatively new in the transportation industry. EVs are becoming increasingly popular due to many advantages. Apart from various advantages, some drawbacks of these vehicles are also a concern. One of the concerns for these vehicles is the substantial power requirement to charge the batteries. During charging, EVs deteriorate the power quality by injecting harmonic current into the system. As poor power quality is undesirable, the mitigation of this harmonic current is essential. Therefore, in this study, an optimal design of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) based EV charging system is suggested. The optimal design of the SAPF ensures that the DC-link voltage is efficiently regulated. To test the performance of the suggested scheme, a simulation system is developed and tested in MATLAB Simulink. The results show that the developed optimal control can efficiently regulate the DC-link voltage. The results, pre and post-compensation, show that the total harmonic distortion in the system is reduced to 4.33 % from 26.72 % using the suggested approach. This is even better by 12.93%, 7.39%, 14.32% and 20.32% in comparison to particle swarm optimization, whale optimization algorithms, bee colony optimization and ant colony optimization used for comparison.

The Dynamic Tunability of Memristor-Based Active Filters.

When the memristor was fabricated for the first time, it launched an entirely new field of research. Many of the published papers regarding memristors are primarily theoretical and are based on computer simulations. Some recent papers analyze the memristor's programming circuits, but to the best of the authors' knowledge, no memristor has been embedded into a commercial analog circuit. This paper is practically oriented and it is based on the experimental results obtained by measurements on the circuit prototype. We present a solution for automated programming of a commercially available memristor and its implementation in tunable active bandpass filter design. The novelty of this paper is that the active bandpass filter's central frequency could be programmed during the filter operation, so a pause for memristor state-switching is not required. The experimental results are promising, and open up possibilities for the memristor's application in analog systems.

Design and Verification of a New Universal Active Filter Based on the Current Feedback Operational Amplifier and Commercial AD844 Integrated Circuit.

This paper presents a triple-input and four-output type voltage-mode universal active filter based on three current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs). The filter employs three CFOAs, two grounded capacitors, and six resistors. The filter structure has three high-input and three low-output impedances that simultaneously provide band-reject, high-pass, low-pass, and band-pass filtering functions with single-input and four-output type and also implements an all-pass filtering function by connecting three input signals to one input without the use of voltage inverters or switches. The same circuit configuration enables two unique filtering functions: low-pass notch and high-pass notch. Three CFOAs with three high-input and low-output impedance terminals enable cascading without voltage buffers. The circuit is implemented using three commercial off-the-shelf AD844 integrated circuits, two grounded capacitors, and six resistors and further implemented as a CFOA-based chip using three CFOAs, two grounded capacitors, and six resistors. The CFOA-based chip has lower power consumption and higher integration than the AD844-based filter. The circuit was simulated using OrCAD PSpice to verify the AD844-based filter and Synopsys HSpice for post-layout simulation of the CFOA-based chip. The theoretical analysis is validated and confirmed by measurements on an AD844-based filter and a CFOA-based chip.

Warmstarting strategies for convex optimization based multi-channel constrained active noise control filter design

In real-world applications of active noise control (ANC) systems, various constraints are supposed to be satisfied in the controller design process. The optimal control filter coefficients can be obtained by solving a constrained optimization problem, which usually requires a significant computational effort. Recently, a convex formulation in conic form was proposed for ANC filter design. The proposed formulation was shown to result in a computational time reduction by several orders of magnitude. It is of great interest to further improve its efficiency by using a priori information of the optimal filter coefficients. One potential way of achieving this goal is to introduce a warmstart technique so that the filter solution of a similar system or environment can be referred to for selecting the starting point of the optimization algorithm. However, the conic formulation should be solved by the interior-point method, which, in general, is challenging for applying warmstart techniques. In the current work, relaxation methods are proposed to the constraints of original ANC filter design formulation so that the warmstart techniques can be applied. Then, a warmstarting technique proposed in previous study is used to solve a series of perturbed problems, and the performance of the warmstarting technique is investigated. Results show that with the proposed modifications applied, the warmstarting strategy can significantly reduce the number of iterations needed for solving the conic formulation of the ANC filter design problem without much tuning efforts, and the method is effective and robust in various environmental setups.

Optimal design of shunt active power filter for mitigation of interharmonics in grid tied photovoltaic system

Optimal design of shunt active power filter for mitigation of interharmonics in grid tied photovoltaic system

Simulation Software as a Teaching Aid for Some Electronic Circuits Applications

Electronic circuit technology is an important field with several scientific and practical applications. and that technology has been found that most modern electronic devices required nonlinear elements such as diodes, Transistors and operational amplifiers. Diodes have a variety of applications in electronics, including rectification, voltage demodulators, voltage regulation, logic gates and so on. In addition, transistors have many applications, which are widely used in electronics for amplification, switching, digital logic circuits, Power regulation, and oscillators. However, op-amps are electronic devices that can be used in a wide range of applications including Amplification, inverting, noninverting, summers, integrators, filtering, and comparators.This paper presents some examples of experimental simulation using Simulink software as a demonstration to students to make them understand the fundamentals of these nonlinear elements. Some experimental simulations were dealt with using diodes as a half-wave rectification, full-wave rectifier voltage regulator, and voltage limiter. However, the other experimental simulations dealt with OP-amp as an inverting, non-inverting, summer, subtractor, integrator and differentiator. Additionally, an operational amplifier is an important element in the design of active filters. Students can easily learn how to make experiment with this software in order to learn at their own time and pace. This helps visualize the fundaments of Op-Amp as well as any other physical system.

PSO based optimized PI controller design for hybrid active power filter

This research study presents the design and simulation of a hybrid active power filter (HAPF) for reducing harmonics. The reference currents have been determined using the synchronous reference frame technique. To achieve its goals, the proposed HAPF employs AI algorithm known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) to fine-tune the proportional-integral PI controller's parameters. With the help of PI-PSO controller the DC link voltage is regulated in the HAPF-inverter. A non-linear current control strategy based on hysteresis employed here to construct the pulse gate by comparing the retrieved reference and real currents necessitated by the HAPF. Simulations were carried out in MATLAB and shown that the proposed method is extremely adaptable and efficient in reducing harmonic currents caused by non-linear loads.

GaAs MMIC Nonreciprocal Single-Band, Multi-Band, and Tunable Bandpass Filters

This article reports on the RF design and practical development of active MMIC single-band, multi-band, and tunable bandpass filters (BPFs) with lossless and nonreciprocal transfer functions. They are based on series-cascaded lumped-element frequency-selective cells that are coupled with MMIC-based FETs. The FETs introduce gain and counteract the loss of the lossy elements. Furthermore, due to their unilateral behavior, nonreciprocal transfer functions can be obtained. This allows for an RF codesigned filtering isolator functionality to be created within a single RF component. By cascading multiple frequency-selective cells, both single-band and multi-band transfer functions with and without transmission zeros (TZs) can be realized. The basic operating principles of the MMIC concept are first described through parametric studies on different types of frequency-selective cells. These are followed by tunable and higher selectivity design methodologies. For practical demonstration purposes, four MMIC prototypes were designed, built, and measured using a commercially available GaAs process. They include a three-cell frequency-tunable BPF, two dual-band BPFs, and a quasi-elliptic BPF.

An adaptive constrained multi-channel active noise control filter design approach using convex cone optimization

In current practical active noise control (ANC) applications, solutions to three main technical challenges need to be sought: the requirement of a stable controller when acoustic feedback paths exist, a larger quiet zone, and adaptation to a time-varying environment. The imposed controller stability constraints can significantly increase the computational requirements and negatively impact the adaptation of ANC filters in real time. Multi-channel systems are usually needed if a larger quiet zone is required while the coupling between different channels can greatly lower the convergence rate of adaptive algorithms. In the current work, a multi-channel adaptive constrained ANC filter design method is proposed. The recently proposed convex cone formulation for ANC design is adopted to reduce the computational time of solving the constrained ANC filter design problem. The optimal filter coefficients are then redesigned continuously using convex optimization when the environment is time-varying. The experimental result shows that, compared with the traditional leaky FxLMS method, the proposed method has a faster convergence rate and a better steady-state noise control performance.

Design of Multilevel Inverter based Active Filter for Harmonic Elimination & Frequency Regulation

Abstract: For harmonic and reactive power adjustment in two-wire (single phase), three-wire (three phase without neutral), and four-wire (three phase with neutral) ac power networks with nonlinear loads, active filtering of electric power has already reached maturity. This article provides a thorough analysis of active filter (AF) designs, control methods, component choices, additional relevant technical and economic factors, and their selection for certain applications. It aims to give researchers and application developers working with AF technology a comprehensive perspective on the state of the technology

CMOS Wideband Low-Pass Filter Using Complementary Structured OPAMP for Wideband System Applications

In this paper, a CMOS wideband low-pass filter is proposed. In the wide band active filter design, the unit gain frequency (GBW) of OPAMP should be larger than GHz. The GBW of the proposed OPAMP is around 2.3 GHz. Additionally, the OPAMP with a complementary structure in signal and common mode feedback is proposed and has a wide operating voltage range at the input and output. The 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) at the output is 4.9 dBm. A source follower is employed for driving 50 Ω output impedance without degrading the bandwidth and linearity of the filter. The power consumption is 27 mW from a 1-V supply voltage. The 3 dB bandwidth of the filter ranges from 330 MHz to 660 MHz with 3-bit cap tuning. This work is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process, with a chip area of 0.18 mm<sup>2</sup>.

Lagrange multiplier optimization method for high current–low frequency inductor design

PurposeThis paper aims to overcome the lack of methodologies for optimizing the volume of bulky low-frequency inductors that the authors came across with when working on the design of hybrid active power filters. Sound work was published concerning this well-known technology, but it became evident that the mentioned optimization topic was left unaddressed.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Lagrange multipliers optimization method combined with the electromagnetic laws of inductor design, it was possible to establish a new design method to determine the optimal solutions that fulfil any given scenario of specifications. In other words, it is now possible to obtain the inductor’s geometric and electric parameters that not only satisfy the system’s electromagnetic requirements but also lead to smaller, lighter or economical solutions.FindingsA generalized set of equations was obtained to facilitate the calculations of all the inductor-building parameters. As expected, these equations take as inputs the inductor’s required inductance, its maximum current and the desired resistance, but also a customizable cost function. The later cost function will optimize the inductor’s volumes of copper and iron and can be settled, among other purposes, for minimizing the total weight, volume or cost.Originality/valueAll the mathematical expressions to obtain the general optimal solutions are given as well as practical graphics for the three above-mentioned optimization criteria. Using these charts, the reader will be able to obtain by simple inspection the optimal solutions for a large, generalized universe of intended specifications.

An efficient hybrid-based charged system search algorithm for active filter design

An efficient hybrid-based charged system search algorithm for active filter design

Parameter design of active damping-based shunt hybrid active power filters

Parameter design of active damping-based shunt hybrid active power filters

Fuzzy-Logic-Controlled Hybrid Active Filter for Matrix Converter Input Current Harmonics

The proliferation of matrix converter interfaces coupled with traditional loads produces nonstandard and high-frequency harmonics in the range of (2 to 150) kHz in the power system. Although several research works have been conducted on passive and active filter solutions, most of these are low-frequency (below 2 kHz) solutions and are not effective under supraharmonic frequencies. An experimental study of a fuzzy-inference-system-controlled hybrid active power filter (HAPF) for the attenuation of higher frequency harmonics (above 8 kHz) is proposed. The compensational approach introduced is different from traditional approaches and the use of the fuzzy logic controller eliminates complexities involved in active filter designs. The proposed filter obtained a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.16% of the fundamental 50 Hz supply frequency. The performance of the proposed hybrid filter was compared with that of the proportional and integral (PI) controlled topology. The results obtained indicated superior performance of the fuzzy logic controller over the PI in terms of compensational speed, accuracy, the THD of the supply current and the overall integrity of the matrix converter. Illustrative design blocks and simulation in MATLAB/Simulink environment are provided to buttress these findings.

COMPENSATION OF HARMONICS TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY USING HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER

This paper presents design, simulation and development of hybrid active power filter for mitigation of the power quality problem at ac mains in ac-dc power supply feeding to a nonlinear load. The power filter is consisting of a shunt passive filter connected in series with an active power filter. At first passive filter has been designed to compensate harmonics. The drawback associated with the passive filter like fixed compensation characteristics and resonance problem is tried to solve by HAPF. Simulations for a typical distribution system with a hybrid power filter have been carried out to validate the presented analysis. Harmonic contents of the source current has been calculated and compared for the different cases to demonstrate the influence of harmonic extraction circuit on the harmonic compensation characteristic of the shunt hybrid power filter.