Active Engine Mount System Research Articles

Location optimization standard of passive–active vibration isolation element for plate structures in next generation mobilities

The automotive industry has transitioned from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years. Also essential to the development of the next generation are the enhancement of engine performance and production of lightweight vehicle bodies. Through this method, it is possible to increase vehicle output. However, as the vehicle’s excitation strength increases, structural noise and vibrations caused by the engine increase. Intelligent structure-based active mounting systems are widely used in the automotive industry to reduce vibration and noise. It can continuously control the dynamic characteristics of the mount system, enabling real-time control of active mounting systems. When determining the position of the active mounting system, it must be installed in the most efficient position possible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the optimal placement criteria for an active mounting system consisting of a piezoelectric actuator and a rubber grommet. The lumped parameter model is used to model the plate structure with two hybrid mounting systems based on the source–path–receiver structure. In addition, the forces of two active mounts are calculated using static and dynamic approaches. When the calculated force on the hybrid mount system is relatively low, the location with the greatest vibration reduction can be determined, and this location can be regarded as the optimal location for the active mounting system. In addition, a feasibility test is conducted to validate the proposed criteria and validate the static and dynamic results. The findings indicate that the optimal location for the active engine mounting system can be determined.

Optimal placement criteria of hybrid mounting system for chassis in future mobility based on beam-type continuous smart structures

Recently, research into the development of hybrid and electric vehicles has been vigorously undertaken, indicating a trend toward the replacement of internal combustion engine vehicles. However, while high efficiency and light weight are crucial in the development of vehicles, they increase the excitation force of the engine. In addition, sensor placement in future mobility is very important since it causes malfunctioning of autonomous driving systems when the location and orientation of sensors are changed due to excessive vehicle vibration. To reduce the structure-borne noise and vibration caused by engine excitation, an active engine mounting system must be installed in an optimal location. Thus, in this study, to determine the optimal location for an active engine mounting system applied to a beam structure, a series of simulations with two different methodologies are performed. The overall beam structure with two active mounting systems is modeled based on the lumped parameter model. To determine the optimal position of the active mounting system, it is moved to equal intervals, and the force and phase of the active mounts at each location combination are calculated based on static and dynamic methods. The optimal position is suggested such that the vibration reduction is maximized, while the applied force is minimized. Additionally, a feasibility experiment is conducted to validate the proposed criteria and confirm the simulation results. The results demonstrate that the optimal location of the active engine mounting system with a minimized force requirement and maximized vibration reduction can be identified.

A new control method based on fuzzy controller, time delay estimation, deep learning, and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III for powertrain mount system

This article presents a new control method based on fuzzy controller, time delay estimation, deep learning, and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III for the nonlinear active mount systems. The proposed method, intelligent adapter fractions proportional–integral–derivative controller, is a smart combination of the time delay estimation control and intelligent fractions proportional–integral–derivative with adaptive control parameters following the speed range of engine rotation via the deep neural network with the optimal non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III deep learning algorithm. Besides, we proposed optimal fuzzy logic controller with optimal parameters via particle swarm optimization algorithm to control reciprocal compensation to eliminate errors for intelligent adapter fractions proportional–integral–derivative controller. The control objective is to deal with the classical conflict between minimizing engine vibration impacts on the chassis to increase the ride comfort and keeping the dynamic wheel load small to ensure the ride safety. The results of this control method are compared with that of traditional proportional–integral–derivative controller systems, optimal proportional–integral–derivative controller parameter adjustment using genetic algorithms, linear–quadratic regulator control algorithms, and passive drive system mounts. The results are tested in both time and frequency domains to verify the success of the proposed optimal fuzzy logic controller–intelligent adapter fractions proportional–integral–derivative control system. The results show that the proposed optimal fuzzy logic controller–intelligent adapter fractions proportional–integral–derivative control system of the active engine mount system gives very good results in comfort and softness when riding compared with other controllers.

Quantification of Active Structural Path for Vibration Reduction Control of Plate Structure under Sinusoidal Excitation

The engines of electric and hybrid vehicles cause vibration and noise with complex frequency spectra. This tendency is observed especially for mid-frequency components. Therefore, there are limitations in achieving vibration attenuation using only structural changes, which is the conventional isolation method. A smart structure-based active engine mounting system is a core technology that can continuously improve the noise, vibration, and harshness performance under various operating conditions by continuously controlling the dynamic characteristics of the mount. It can replace the existing mount technology which supports the engine by realizing both static and dynamic stiffness. This study focuses on vibration reduction for a typical mid-frequency excitation. Based on a source–path–receiver structure, a mathematical model for a 3D plate structure with three active paths is proposed. The amplitude and phase of the actuator were calculated for the reduction of given vibrations on the basis of the model. When controlling with the proposed method, it was necessary to perform a large amount of computation and to newly define the modeling according to the structural change. To solve this inconvenience, the NLMS (normalized least mean squares) algorithm was applied, and the results were compared. It is shown that the application of the NLMS algorithm to perform the overall vibration reduction is more effective than the previous method.

A Method of Suppressing the Temperature Dependency of Active Control Engine Mount System

A Method of Suppressing the Temperature Dependency of Active Control Engine Mount System

Modelling and control of four and six DOF active engine mount system using (PID and LQR)

In this paper, classical and modern controllers have been introduced on three different engine models starting form a moderately realistic four degree of freedom model and then a realistic six degree of freedom model, two control techniques were implemented on the different systems namely proportional integral derivative (PID) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR), respectively then comparison was done between their simulation results and performance assessment for the controllers simulation results was conducted and showed a significant enhancement in isolating the vibrations of the engine from the car body.

Full state feedback controller design for active engine mounting system using PID, pole placement and LQR

Design, implementation and comparison of full state feedback controller (FSFC) with proportional integral derivative (PID) controller to attenuate the engine–body disturbance is presented in this paper. The methods discussed in this paper for FSFC design are linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and pole placement (PP). These control techniques are implemented on two degree of freedom engine–body vibration model so that vibration isolation is achieved by controlling the actuator force placed between engine mounts which rejects the disturbance so as to minimise vibrations that are harmful to the vehicle body and passengers in order to increase comfort level in automobiles. Comparison is done between LQR, PP and PID and which reflects their performances on our engine vibration model.

Active Engine Vibration Isolation Using Robust Control

This paper introduces a prototype active engine mount (AEM) system designed for commercial passenger, requiring a good engine vibration solation performance. The AEM consists of a conventional hydraulic engine mount and an internal electromagnetic actuator. The robust H controller was adopted to cancel out the force transmitted through the AEM. The vibration isolation performance tests were carried out by simulating the engine idle shake. The experimental result confirmed that can control unwanted vibration from the engine operation by using active mounts.

Multi-input multi-output control of an automotive active engine mounting system

This paper describes the control of automotive active engine mounts, consisting of a conventional passive hydraulic mount and an internal electromagnetic actuator. The actuator generates a force dependent on a control signal from an algorithm implemented in real time. The filtered- x least-mean-square (FXLMS) adaptive filter is applied to a system of two active mounts fitted to a saloon car equipped with a four-cylinder turbo-diesel engine. The steady state and transient performance of the active system is experimentally evaluated, and is found to typically reduce chassis vibration by 50 per cent to 90 per cent under normal driving conditions.

Vibration Control of an Engine Mount for UAV Activated by Piezostack Actuator

In this paper, vibration control performance of piezostack active engine mount system for unmanned aero vehicle (UAV) is evaluated via computer simulation. As a first step, the dynamic model of engine mount system which is supported at three points is derived. In the configuration of engine mount system, the inertia type of piezostack based active mount is installed for active vibration control. Then, the vibration level of UAV engine is measured. To attenuate the vibration which is transmitted from engine, a sliding mode controller which is robust to uncertain parameters is designed. Vibration control performances of active engine mount system are evaluated at each mount and center of gravity. Effective Control results are presented in both time and frequency domains.

MR 유체와 압전스택을 이용한 능동 엔진마운트 시스템의 HILS 제어

This paper presents vibration control performance of active engine mount system installed with the magneto-rheological(MR) mount and the piezostack mount. The performance is evaluated via hardware-in-the-loop-simulation(HILS) method. As a first step, six degrees-of freedom dynamic model of an in-line four-cylinder engine which has three point mounting system is derived by considering the dynamic behaviors of MR mount and piezostack mount. As a second step, sliding mode controller(SMC) is synthesized to actively control the imposed vibration. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active engine mount, vibration control performances are evaluated under various engine operating speeds(wide frequency range) using HILS method and presented in time and frequency domain.

MR 유체와 압전스택을 특징으로 하는 새로운 형태의 능동 엔진마운트 시스템

An engine is one of the most dominant noise and vibration sources in vehicle systems. Therefore, in order to resolve noise and vibration problems due to engine, various types of engine mounts have been proposed. This work presents a new type of active engine mount system featuring a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid and a piezostack actuator. As a first step, six degrees-of freedom dynamic model of an in-line four-cylinder engine which has three points mounting system is derived by considering the dynamic behaviors of MR mount and piezostack mount. In the configuration of engine mount system, two MR mounts are installed for vibration control of roll mode motion whose energy is very high in low frequency range, while one piezostack mount is installed for vibration control of bounce and pitch mode motion whose energy is relatively high in high frequency range. As a second step, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is synthesized to actively control the imposed vibration. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active engine mount, vibration control performances are evaluated under various engine operating speeds(wide frequency range) and presented in time domain.

Active Engine Mounting Control Algorithm Using Neural Network

This paper proposes the application of neural network as a controller to isolate engine vibration in an active engine mounting system. It has been shown that the NARMA-L2 neurocontroller has the ability to reject disturbances from a plant. The disturbance is assumed to be both impulse and sinusoidal disturbances that are induced by the engine. The performance of the neural network controller is compared with conventional PD and PID controllers tuned using Ziegler-Nichols. From the result simulated the neural network controller has shown better ability to isolate the engine vibration than the conventional controllers.

Active Engine Mounting Control Algorithm Using Neural Network

This paper proposes the application of neural network as a controller to isolate engine vibration in an active engine mounting system. It has been shown that the NARMA-L2 neurocontroller has the ability to reject disturbances from a plant. The disturbance is assumed to be both impulse and sinusoidal disturbances that are induced by the engine. The performance of the neural network controller is compared with conventional PD and PID controllers tuned using Ziegler-Nichols. From the result simulated the neural network controller has shown better ability to isolate the engine vibration than the conventional controllers.

Dynamic analysis and control of an active engine mount system

Dynamic characteristics of a prototype active engine mount (AEM), designed on the basis of a hydraulic engine mount, have been investigated and an adaptive controller for the AEM has been designed. An equivalent mass-spring-damper AEM model is proposed, and the transfer function that describes the dynamic characteristics of the AEM is deduced from mathematical analysis of the model. The damping coefficient of the model is derived by considering the non-linear flow effect in the inertia track. Experiments confirmed that the model precisely describes the dynamic characteristics of the AEM. An adaptive controller using the filtered-X LMS algorithm is designed to cancel the force transmitted through the AEM. The stability of the LMS algorithm is guaranteed by using the secondary path transfer function derived on the basis of the dynamic model of the AEM. The performance test in the laboratory shows that the AEM system is capable of significantly reducing the force transmitted through the AEM.

A literature review of automotive vehicle engine mounting systems

The ideal engine mount system should isolate engine vibration caused by engine disturbance force in engine speed range and prevent engine bounce from shock excitation. This implies that the dynamic stiffness and damping of the engine mount should be frequency- and amplitude-dependent. The development of engine mounting systems has mostly concentrated on improvement of frequency- and amplitude-dependent properties. The conventional elastomeric mounts do not meet all the requirements and can only offer a trade-off between static deflection and vibration isolation. Passive hydraulic mounts can provide a better performance than elastomeric mounts especially in the low frequency range. Semi-active techniques are usually used to further improve performance of hydraulic mounts by making them more tunable. The active engine mounting system can be very stiff at low frequency and be tuned to be very soft at the higher frequency range to isolate the vibration. The active engine mounts have been considered as the next generation of engine mounts. The optimization of engine mounting systems is quite desirable. The current work on the optimization of the engine mount systems shows some limitations.

Review of automotive vehicle engine mounting systems

The ideal engine mount system should isolate engine vibration caused by engine disturbance force in engine speed range and prevent engine bounce from shock excitation. This implies that the dynamic stiffness and damping of the engine mount should be frequency and amplitude dependent. The development of engine mounting systems has mostly concentrated on improvement of frequency and amplitude dependent properties. The conventional elastomeric mounts do not meet all the requirements and can only offer a trade-off between static deflection and vibration isolation, but there is still some room for improving the properties of elastomeric mounts. Passive hydraulic mounts can provide a better performance than elastomeric mounts especially in the low frequency range. Semi-active techniques are usually used to further improve performance of hydraulic mounts by making them more tunable. The active engine mounting system can be very stiff at low frequency and be tuned to be very soft at the higher frequency range to isolate the vibration. The active engine mounts have been considered as the next generation of engine mounts. The optimisation of the engine mounting system is quite useful both in terms of speed and more effective design. The current work on optimisation of the engine mount systems shows some limitation. Further work is needed to consider the nonlinear variations in properties of different types of mounting systems.

Development of an Active Control Engine Mount System

In an attempt to reduce idling vibration and booming noise in automobile engines, the authors have developed an engine mounting system we call the ACM(Active Control engine Mount) system. Comprising a pair of electromagnetic actuators and hydraulic mounts, the system incorporates an adaptive control strategy based on the synchronized filtered-X LMS (SFX) algorithm. The crank angle pulse signal is detected as the synchronization signal and the force transmitted to the car body through the engine mounts is detected as a residual signal. Application of the ACM system to a vehicle with a transversally mounted four-cylinder engine resulted in significantly reduced idling vibration and booming noise.

Automotive Vehicle Engine Mounting Systems: A Survey

This study divided into three portions to provide performance requirements; overview and development of various engine mounts; and the optimization of engine mount systems. The first part provides an insight about the ideal engine mount system that should isolate vibration caused by engine disturbance force in various speed range and prevent engine bounce from shock excitation. This implies that the dynamic stiffness and damping of the engine mount should be frequency and amplitude dependent. Therefore, the development of engine mounting systems has mostly concentrated on improvement of frequency and amplitude dependent properties. The second part starts discussion on the conventional elastomeric mounts that offer a trade-off between static deflection and vibration isolation. The next level, passive hydraulic mounts can provide a better performance than elastomeric mounts especially in the low frequency range. Subsequently, semi-active and active techniques are used to improve performance of hydraulic mounts by making them more tunable. The active engine mounting system can be very stiff at low frequency and be tuned to be very soft at the higher frequency range to isolate the vibration. The final part is about the optimization of engine mounting systems. An overview of the current work on this optimization shows some limitations. Further study is needed to consider the nonlinearities and variations in properties of different types of mounting systems.