Active Duty Air Force Research Articles

Associations among psychological health problems, intimate-relationship problems, and suicidal ideation among United States Air Force active-duty personnel

ABSTRACT Linkages among psychological health problems, intimate relationship distress, and suicide risk have been widely studied, but less is known about how these factors interact, especially in military populations. With steady increases in suicide rates among active military and post-service members (SMs), it is critical to better understand the relation among known risk factors. The current study addresses this gap by testing a model hypothesizing that the association between intimate-relationship problems and suicidal ideation is mediated by individual mental health symptoms. We tested this model on a sample of 862 active-duty Air Force members in committed relationships. The sample consisted of 35.0% women and 64.8% men, with an average age of 21.9 years and a mean relationship length of 2.8 years. Findings supported the hypothesized statistical mediation model. Results indicated that relationship problems contribute to psychological health problems, which, in turn, are related to suicidal ideation. These findings may help direct suicide intervention and prevention protocols that consider intimate relationship distress as a significant risk factor. Limitations and further implications for policies regarding suicide prevention in the armed forces are discussed.

Short-Term Outcomes of a Healthy Relationship Intervention for the Prevention of Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault in the US Military: Pilot Pretest-Postest Study.

Sexual harassment (SH) and sexual assault (SA) are serious public health problems among US service members. Few SH and SA prevention interventions have been developed exclusively for the military. Code of Respect (X-CoRe) is an innovative web-based, multilevel, SA and SH intervention designed exclusively for the active-duty Air Force. The program's goal is to increase Airmen's knowledge and skills to build and maintain respectful relationships, ultimately reducing SH and SA and enhancing Airmen's overall well-being and mission readiness. This pilot study aimed to assess the short-term psychosocial impact (eg, knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy) of the web-based component of X-CoRe on a sample of junior enlisted and midlevel Airmen. Airmen from a military installation located in the Northeastern United States were recruited to complete the 10 web-based modules in X-CoRe (9/15, 60% male; 7/15, 54% aged 30-35 years). Participants were given pretests and posttests to measure short-term psychosocial outcomes associated with SH and SA. Descriptive statistics and paired 2-tailed t tests were conducted to assess differences from preintervention to postintervention time points. After completing X-CoRe, participants had a significantly greater understanding of active consent (P=.04), confidence in their healthy relationship skills (P=.045), and confidence to intervene as bystanders (P=.01). Although not statistically significant (P>.05), mean scores in attitudes about SH, couple violence, and cyberbullying; perceptions of sexual misconduct as part of military life; and relationship skills self-efficacy with a romantic partner and friend also improved. The findings from this study demonstrate X-CoRe's effectiveness in improving critical determinants of SH and SA, making it a promising intervention for SH and SA prevention. More rigorous research is needed to determine X-CoRe's impact on SH and SA victimization and the long-term impact on associated psychosocial determinants.

Assessing Isometric Midthigh Pull, Countermovement Jump, And Dynamic Strength Index In Active-duty Air Force Members

Assessing Isometric Midthigh Pull, Countermovement Jump, And Dynamic Strength Index In Active-duty Air Force Members

Comment on "Self-Perception of Risk for HIV Acquisition and Calculated Risk for HIV Acquisition Among Active Duty Air Force Members With Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection".

Comment on "Self-Perception of Risk for HIV Acquisition and Calculated Risk for HIV Acquisition Among Active Duty Air Force Members With Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection".

Self-Perception of Risk for HIV Acquisition and Calculated Risk for HIV Acquisition Among Active Duty Air Force Members With Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection.

There have been nearly 1,600 new diagnoses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) across the US Armed Forces between 2017 and 2022. While treatment has improved overall survival, self-perception of acquiring HIV may not align with actual risk of acquiring HIV, thus slowing diagnosis and treatment. We aim to evaluate self-perceived risk (SPR) versus calculated risk (CR) of HIV infection in US Air Force (USAF) members with incident HIV diagnosis. All USAF members with new HIV diagnosis evaluated at a specialty care military medical center between January 2015 and March 2020 with case report forms were included (n = 142). SPR was compared to CR using the Denver HIV Risk Score (DHRS). The study was approved by the Army Public Health Center's Public Health Review Board (#14-311) and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Human Subjects Protection Branch (#1861E). Patients were predominantly male (98%), with a median age of 26 (IQR 22-30) years, and the majority (85%) reported same-sex partners. Most patients reported a low SPR (n = 78; 55%). A higher proportion of low SPR patients were married or partnered than high SPR patients (29% versus 14%; P = 0.04). Both groups had median DHRS scores in the highest risk category with similar results by reason for HIV screening. The majority of USAF members with incident HIV infection reported a low SPR despite risk factors and CRs identical to high SPR patients. In order to inform HIV prevention strategies in the military, further efforts are needed to educate the military population and providers about HIV risk perception.

Cross-sectional Analysis of Health Behavior Tracking, Perceived Health, Fitness, and Health Literacy Among Active-Duty Air Force Personnel.

There is a paucity of evidence connecting health literacy, perceived wellness, self-reported fitness activity, or military readiness to wearable devices. Moreover, we do not currently know the prevalence and impact of health tracker device use in the active-duty Air Force population. This prospective cross-sectional survey assessed self-reported fitness activity, health-related quality of life, health literacy, and health behavior tracking practices and preferences among active-duty Air Force service members. Four hundred twenty-eight respondents completed an online survey, with 247 selecting tracking a health behavior and 181 selecting that they did not track a health behavior. Demographic characteristics of the sample showed no significant differences in age, sex distribution, or mode of service. We found that there were no significant differences in self-reported aerobic and strength training frequency, health literacy, or health-related quality of life. More than half of nontracking respondents either had not considered or had no interest in tracking health behaviors. Nearly three-quarters of tracking respondents tracked more than one health behavior. Further research could explore the extent to which these technologies improve fitness, health outcomes, and overall readiness in the military, involving longitudinal studies tracking fitness improvements and health outcomes among service members using wearable devices.

Comparison of military and civilian surgeon outcomes with emergent trauma laparotomy in a mature military-civilian partnership

IntroductionMedical readiness is of paramount concern for active-duty military providers. Low volumes of complex trauma in military treatment facilities has driven the armed forces to embed surgeons in high-volume civilian...

Suspected Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting the Difficulty in Diagnosis and Management.

MdDS is syndrome of oscillating vertigo following cessation of passive motion. The pathogenesis of this disorder is not well understood, but functional imaging studies suggest cortical connectivity dysfunction in feedback loops of the vestibulo-ocular system and visuo-spatial system. Patients go through multiple appointments and often specialist referrals before being diagnosed. After diagnosis, optimal management is difficult. Several treatment modalities, including medication, vestibular rehabilitation, and neuromodulation, have had variable success in management. We present the case of a young, female active duty Air Force Captain who developed symptoms while deployed. She underwent multiple treatments with variable success. Her clinical course highlights the difficulties for patients and providers posed by suspected MdDS.

Extending Air Force Physical Fitness Postpartum Dwell Time Improves Maternal Physical Readiness.

Research suggests women are more likely to fail their military physical fitness assessment in the immediate postpartum period than in the prenatal period. In 2015, the United States Air Force physical fitness postpartum testing dwell time increased from 6 months to 12 months postpartum. The primary aim of this study was to assess if Air Force active duty women's physical readiness, as indicated by individual physical fitness test results, was impacted by this change. The secondary aim was to determine the postpartum duration for active duty Air Force women to return to their prenatal anthropometric measurements. All active duty Air Force women who gave birth from 2011-2019 in the military medical system were considered for analysis. A total of 6,726 women meeting inclusion criteria were grouped to 6 month testers (delivery between 2011-February 2015) and 12 month testers (delivery between March 2015 and 2019). Logistic regression and general linear models were used to assess the associations and predictability of the various fitness and anthropometric components of the physical fitness testing requirements (6 vs. 12 month testers), controlling for covariates (age, military rank, marital status, and ethnicity). Those testing at 12 months had decreased odds (odds ratio = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.32-0.49, P < .0001) of failing their initial postpartum fitness test than those testing at 6 months. The prevalence of test failure at the first exam postpartum was 10.4% among 6 month testers and 4% among 12 month testers. Women who tested at 6 months retained relatively more weight (2.7 ± 5.0 kg, 4.2% increase), body mass index (1.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2, 4.5% increase), and abdominal circumference (2.4 ± 4.9 cm, 3.5% increase) than their counterparts testing at 12 months (1.8 ± 5.4 kg, 2.8% increase; 0.7 ± 2.2 kg/m2, 3.0% increase; and 1.8 ± 5.0 cm, 2.7% increase; respectively) (P < .0001). When comparing those with prenatal fitness status of "excellent," "pass," or "fail," no group attained prenatal weight status in the 24 months monitored. Average weight and abdominal circumference retention for all groups at 24 months postpartum were 2.8 kg and 1.3 cm, respectively. Among initial postpartum fitness testing failures, the component most failed was sit-ups (34.5%), followed by the 1.5-mile run (29.8%). Six month testers were more likely, across all prenatal fitness categories ("fail," "pass" and "excellent") to fail postpartum fitness testing compared to 12 month testers (26.1%, 17.7%, and 5.6% vs.19.4%, 7.3% and 2%, respectively). The decision of the Air Force to increase the minimal required time between childbirth and postpartum physical fitness testing for women has positively impacted fitness test failure rates and anthropometric measure changes. Additional policy should be implemented to support postpartum holistic health interventions.

A Nested Case-Control Study of Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors among U.S. Air Force Servicemen.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a component of firefighting foams used at military installations. Although high PFAS exposures have been related to cancer risks among civilian populations, the effects for military personnel are unclear. We investigated associations between serum PFAS concentrations and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) among U.S. Air Force servicemen. This nested case-control study involved active-duty Air Force servicemen with sera from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. We selected 530 cases and 530 controls individually matched on birth date, race and ethnicity, year entered the service, and year of sample collection, with prediagnostic serum samples collected between 1988 and 2017. A second prediagnostic sample, collected a median of 4 y after the first, was selected for 187 case-control pairs. Seven PFAS were quantified using isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from conditional logistic regression adjusting for military grade, number of deployments, and, in some models, other PFAS, estimated associations between PFAS concentrations (categorized using quartiles among controls) and TGCT. Elevated concentrations of some PFAS were observed for military employment in firefighting [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid] and service at a base with high PFAS concentrations in drinking water (PFHxS). Elevated PFOS concentrations in the second sample were positively associated with TGCT [OR for fourth vs. first quartile , 95% CI: 1.1, 6.4; ], including after adjustment for other PFAS (, 95% CI: 1.4, 15.1; ). Associations with PFOS in the first/only samples were weak and not statistically significant. Elevated concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid were inversely associated with TGCT, whereas results were null for other PFAS. We identified service-related predictors of PFAS concentrations and increased TGCT relative risks with elevated PFOS concentrations among Air Force servicemen. These findings warrant further investigation in other populations and military service branches. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12603.

0361 Sleep Disturbances in a Sample of Pregnant Military Mothers

Abstract Introduction Pregnant civilians report poor sleep quality, insufficient nighttime sleep, sleep fragmentations, and significant daytime sleepiness. Sleep disturbances are associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy (e.g., pre-eclampsia) and labor and delivery outcomes (e.g., cesarean section). The military population is at increased risk of developing sleep disorders. The military population is at increased risk of developing sleep disorders. We aimed to identify the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in a sample of active duty and military dependent pregnant women. Methods Pregnant individuals (N=100) were recruited from large Military Treatment Facility in Texas. Participants were predominantly between ages 25-29 (32%), White (67%), Non-Hispanic (75%), in their second trimester (56%), Active Duty Air Force (48%), Enlisted (44%), and married (87%). In this cross-sectional study, participants completed a survey containing the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pre/Peri pregnancy sleep, and obstetric care questions. Ordinal logistic regression was performed using SAS to determine if pregnancy trimester predicted outcomes including: insomnia, poor sleep quality, and perceived sleep-related impairment. Results Twenty percent presented with moderate/severe insomnia per ISI. The odds of having Insomnia (Severe vs No/absence) are 8.09x higher in the third trimester than first trimester (p=0.002). The odds of having poor sleep quality during pregnancy are 33.17x higher in the third trimester compared to first trimester (p&amp;lt;.0001). Mothers in the third trimester were 1.02x more likely to perceive other mothers as having significant sleep problems than those in the first trimester (p=0.02). Despite these reported sleep difficulties, 98% were not referred for a sleep consultation visit. Conclusion Findings suggested 20% of pregnant individuals associated with the U.S. Military experienced significant sleep concerns with no active plan for treatment. Individuals in their third trimester were more likely to have high ISI scores, report poorer sleep quality, and more likely to suspect significant sleep problems as common throughout pregnancy. Pregnancy is a critical period for intervention as chronic insomnia diminishes military readiness and compromises health. Insomnia prevention and intervention is greatly needed and could be integrated into obstetric clinics early in pregnancy. Support (if any) This work is supported by the VA HSR&amp;D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (CIN 13-413).

A social-ecological examination of sleep among Airmen in technical training

ABSTRACT Inadequate sleep is an on-going risk to the health and mission readiness of U.S. Armed Forces, with estimates of sleep problems high above U.S. civilian populations. Intervening early in the career of active duty Air Force personnel (or “Airmen”) with education and the establishment of healthy behaviors may prevent short and long term-detriments of sleep problems. This paper describes the results of a qualitative study seeking to understand the facilitators and barriers to achieving good sleep in a technical training school during the first year of entry into the United States Air Force. Using the social ecological framework and content analysis, three focus groups with Airmen were conducted to explore themes at the individual, social, environmental, and organizational/policy level. Overall, results indicated a cohort motivated to achieve good sleep, and also struggling with a number of barriers across each level. This paper highlights opportunities for population health interventions during technical training aimed at supporting Airmen in developing healthy sleep behaviors early in the course of their career.

"Always on parade": Pregnancy experience of active-duty air force members.

Findings are reported from a qualitative study that sought to understand the maternity experience of active-duty women in the context of improved and expanded pregnancy accommodations. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 active-duty women serving in the United States Air Force (15 enlisted and 15 commissioned members). Women described experiencing negative pregnancy-related stereotypes and stigma in the workplace. Connotations unique to military culture were unavoidable changes to uniform and physical body shape, cultural expectations of fitness, and uniformity of dress/appearance. Use of necessary pregnancy accommodations led to increased exposure to stereotypes and stigma, such as being perceived as less disciplined, lazy, weak, or receiving unfair advantages/fewer duties at work. Women relied on "covering behaviors" to separate themselves from negative stereotypes. Extreme covering behaviors put pregnant women's health and well-being at risk. Finally, women navigated a shift in priorities from an indoctrinated "service before self" perspective to a prioritization of personal health and well-being during pregnancy. Leadership skills were strengthened through this change in perspective, which were perceived as positively influencing unit morale, cohesion, productivity, and retention. Study findings suggest the military will experience limited success in fully integrating and retaining active-duty women due to an organizational climate that lags behind the recent, progressive improvements in pregnancy policies and accommodations. Organizational culture related to pregnancy within the military must be targeted for change to reduce negative stigma and pregnancy-related bias. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Theory of Planned Behavior and Active Duty Air Force Members' Mental Health Help-Seeking.

Although military members often encounter significant atypical stressors while serving, many service members are still reluctant to seek mental health (MH) treatment. Help-seeking behavior for MH needs is a rising concern for active duty Air Force personnel. Conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse are just a few issues that military members deal with, but things like stigma, attitudes toward MH, and behavioral control might keep these individuals from seeking services. This study utilizes the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify better and understand barriers to the help-seeking behavior of active duty Air Force members. The 2017 Air Force Community Feedback Tool was used for this study. This confidential survey was completed by a large sample of the military population (N = 10,705). The survey was used to examine relationships between the TPB-related variables and respondents with mood problems identifying a need for professional counseling, seeking MH services, and reporting that the services met their needs. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression models were utilized to analyze findings from this sample. This study highlights how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control impact help-seeking behavior for these individuals. Findings include the MH providers' good reputations, wait times for services, ease of access to care, and negative experiences with supervisor permission, all of which showed a statistically significant impact on help-seeking behavior. Dependent variables included "I need professional counseling," "I contacted a MH care provider in the past year to try to meet this need," and "How much the MH care provider helped you meet your needs." Each of these variables had statistically significant relationships with the connecting variables of the TPB. Findings from this study reveal how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control play an essential role in an active duty Air Force member's decision to seek help for MH concerns. This study suggests that active duty military members are less concerned about the belief that seeking MH care could harm their reputations and more aware of the potential negative reputations of MH clinics. Finally, actionable steps are outlined to better support help-seeking behavior, which might be recommended to better train and encourage military leaders to address the MH needs of themselves and the members of their units.

Predictors of Crosscutting Patterns of Psychological Health and Family Maltreatment.

Psychological problems and family maltreatment are significant public health problems. Although research focuses almost exclusively on either individual psychological problems or family maltreatment, there is substantial co-occurrence of these problems. Similarly, intervention services are often "siloed": individuals with mental health needs are referred for mental health services, individuals with family conflict are referred for family-based treatment, etc. These treatment "silos" may miss the larger picture of the co-occurrence of risk, promotion, and the problems themselves. In a previous paper, we used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of individuals with crosscutting patterns (i.e., classes) of psychological and family maltreatment problems. In this study, we explored the predictors of these latent classes. Participants consisted of two large population samples of U.S. Air Force active duty members (ns = 27,895 and 30,841) who were married or cohabiting and had one or more children living in their household. Participants completed an anonymous community assessment survey, which included questionnaire items tapping personal, family, and community problems and well-being. Assessments were conducted in 2008 and 2011. All study procedures were approved by the authors' Institutional Review Board. We used exploratory factor analysis and latent class analysis to (1) identify higher-order factors of risk and promotive variables and (2) examine them as predictors of our previously identified latent classes. Findings indicated that individuals who reported better physical well-being as well as personal and family coping, relationship satisfaction, and support were more likely to be in the lowest-risk subgroup. Notably, individuals in the subgroup most at risk for serious violence and suicide, evidencing disinhibitory psychopathology, endorsed lower risk and higher promotive factors than those individuals in other high-risk subgroups who fell along the internalizing/externalizing continuum. These findings reinforce the need for integrated prevention and treatment of psychological and family maltreatment problems. Not only do these problems often co-occur, but their risk and promotive factors also tend to be intertwined. The unique (i.e., not on the continuum of the other five classes) problem profile of participants evidencing disinhibitory psychopathology is matched by a unique risk/promotive factor profile, and they will thus likely require a unique intervention approach.

Gender Disparities in Active Duty Air Force Parents’ Childcare Access: Pre-Pandemic Costs, Utilization, and Career Impacts

Past reports indicate that enduring Department of Defense (DoD) childcare shortfalls may disproportionately affect women, but details regarding gender effects are unknown. This exploratory study sought to uncover the military childcare system’s pre-pandemic state by analyzing two Air Force (AF) survey datasets—the 2017 AF Community Feedback Tool and 2020 AF Childcare Survey—to examine gender gaps in active duty AF parents’ childcare access, cost and utilization, and perceptions of childcare impacts on career progression and retention. Results reveal that women—particularly those in the lowest ranks with less time on station—report more difficulties accessing childcare than male counterparts. Furthermore, fathers paid nothing for childcare and relied on spouses for childcare at higher rates, while mothers paid for care, relied on DoD childcare programs, were on DoD waitlists, reported childcare-related career impacts, and reported childcare affected their retention decisions at higher rates. Policy recommendations to improve childcare across the force are discussed.

Marriage checkup in integrated primary care: A randomized controlled trial with active-duty military couples.

This study assessed the efficacy of the marriage checkup, as adapted to integrated primary care settings and active-duty military couples, for improving relationship health and depressive symptoms. Married couples (N = 244, Mage = 32.4, 67.6% Caucasian) in which at least one member was active-duty Air Force were recruited from bases across the U.S. via online advertisement, emails sent from medical clinics to enrolled beneficiaries, social media posts, and flyers, and randomly assigned to active treatment or waitlist control. Treatment and control couples were linked in pairs sequentially and pairs completed nine sets of questionnaires at baseline, 1-, and 6-month posttreatment. Outcome measures included the Couples Satisfaction Index, Intimate Safety Questionnaire, Responsive Attention Scale, Partner Compassion Scale, Communication Skills Test, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A three-level multilevel model indicated, after adjustment for multiple comparisons, treatment couples experienced statistically significant small-to-moderate improvements compared to the control group (Cohen's d from 0.21 to 0.55) at 1 month that were sustained at 6 months for relationship satisfaction, responsive attention, compassion toward their partners, communication skills, intimate safety, and depressive symptoms. A longitudinal randomized control trial of the MC supports the hypothesis that the MC significantly improves relationship satisfaction, intimacy, communication, partner compassion, responsive attention, and depressive symptoms. Implications for theory, treatment, and dissemination are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Associations between Family Maltreatment Perpetration and Latent Profiles of Personal and Family Strengths among Active-Duty Air Force Members

Associations between Family Maltreatment Perpetration and Latent Profiles of Personal and Family Strengths among Active-Duty Air Force Members

54. Self-Perception of Risk for HIV Acquisition and Calculated Risk for HIV Acquisition Among Active Duty Air Force Members with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection

BackgroundPersons may underestimate their risk of HIV infection despite presence of risk factors. Accurate appraisal of HIV risk may assist both patients and providers in preventing HIV acquisition. We evaluated self-perceived risk (SPR) versus calculated risk (CR) of HIV infection in active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with incident HIV infection.MethodsUSAF members with new HIV diagnosis evaluated at a specialty care military medical center between January 2015-March 2020 with available case report forms were included (n=142). Chart reviews were performed and demographic, social, and clinical characteristics were collected from initial Infectious Disease specialty encounters and case report forms. SPR was characterized as Low or High and compared to CR derived by the Denver HIV Risk Score (DHRS) by points based on patient demographic and risk exposure characteristics.ResultsOverall, patients were predominantly male (98%), with a median age of 26 years (IQR 22-30), and the majority (85%) reported same-sex partners (Table 1). Patients more commonly characterized themselves as Low SPR (n=78; 55%) than High SPR (n=64; 45%). Demographic characteristics were similar except a higher proportion of Low SPR patients (29%) were married or partnered compared to High SPR patients (14%; p=0.04). There was no difference in self-reported condom use (≥50% of the time) between Low (63%) and High (72%) SPR patients (p=0.28) and documented history of sexually transmitted infections was similarly high in both groups ( >70%; p=0.85). Previous HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use was uncommon in both Low SPR (8%) and High SPR (6%) groups. For the evaluation of CR by DHRS (Table 2), both Low and High SPR groups had median scores in the very high risk category (≥50 points) with similar results by test component. ConclusionUSAF members with incident HIV infection more commonly identified with low SPR despite similar risk behaviors and CRs as high SPR patients. The development of patient education programs and promotion of HIV prevention services including PrEP are needed to reduce incident HIV cases in the USAF. Validated HIV risk calculators like the DHRS may also assist medical providers in identifying candidates for HIV prevention services.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Associations between Family Maltreatment Perpetration and Latent Profiles of Personal and Family Strengths among Active-Duty Air Force Members

Although individual and family strengths have been found to impact family maltreatment risk, optimal approaches to their assessment are lacking. To substantiate the utility of holistically assessing multiple strengths among active-duty Air Force members (i.e., Airmen) who might be at risk of perpetrating family maltreatment, the current study aimed to identify latent patterns of personal and family strengths among Airmen and assess associations with family maltreatment perpetration. A representative a sample of 30,187 Airmen from the 2011 Air Force Community Assessment Survey was used to identify patterns across latent-factor scores representing unit leader support, informal support, family functioning, individual fitness, and personal resilience. Latent profile analysis was conducted to extract an optimal number of response patterns and estimate associations with family maltreatment perpetration. A five-profile solution was optimal, representing patterns marked by low (10%), below average (26%), mixed (16%), above average (36%), and high (12%) levels of personal and family strengths. Predicted probabilities of family maltreatment among families not identifying as stepfamilies were 39%, 21%, 14%, 10%, and 8% across low, below average, mixed, above average, and high patterns, respectively. Among stepfamilies (20% of sample), predicted probabilities were 49%, 29%, 21%, 15%, and 12%, respectively. Findings encourage a holistic assessment of personal and family strengths among Airmen. The Personal and Family Strengths Inventory, which was developed to gauge these strengths, can position practitioners well to engage Airmen in conversations around strengths and growth opportunities for the purposes of service planning aimed at preventing family maltreatment.