Active Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction Research Articles

An Increased Number of CD4+CD25+ Cells Induced by an Oral Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC0380 Are Involved in Antiallergic Activity

Background: Our previous study showed that an oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC0380 inhibited immunoglobulin E (IgE) production in a murine model, and that orally administered NRIC0380 induced CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ T, i.e. regulatory T (Treg), cells in the spleen and Peyer's patch of mice. Although it has been reported that Treg cells might suppress the allergic symptoms, the involvement of the cells in the antiallergic activity of lactic acid bacteria has not been clearly demonstrated. We therefore examined in detail the antiallergic activity of Treg cells obtained from mice that had been fed NRIC0380. Methods: Treg cells were obtained from mice that had been fed NRIC0380. The T cell-suppressive effect of the cells was analyzed by coculturing the cells with splenocytes of β-lactoglobulin-immunized mice and β-lactoglobulin. The effects of the Treg cells on the IgE production and cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction were then analyzed by transferring the cells into another mouse. Results: The Treg cells obtained from the mice that had been fed NRIC0380 showed similar T cell-suppressive activity to those cells obtained from the control mice. The Treg cells obtained from the mice fed NRIC0380 significantly inhibited the IgE production and active cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction when transferred into another mouse that was subsequently immunized with the antigen. Furthermore, the Treg cells also significantly suppressed the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction when cotransferred with the IgE antibody into another mouse. Conclusions: The induction of Treg cells by the oral administration of NRIC0380 would be involved in the antiallergic activity of NRIC0380.

Supplementary Seleno-L-methionine Suppresses Active Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction

To clarify the relationship between selenium supplementation and type I allergic reaction, we investigated the effect of seleno-L-methionine (SeMet) supplementation on the active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) reaction and cytokine production in splenocytes. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA), and SeMet was administered orally for 2 weeks followed by a challenge with OVA to induce an ACA reaction. SeMet supplementation suppressed the ACA reaction in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) level was strongly inhibited in SeMet-supplemented mice compared with control mice. The mRNA expression levels of the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in the spleen of SeMet-supplemented mice were lower than those in control mice. The mRNA expression level of a Th1 cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, in the spleen of SeMet-supplemented mice was higher than that in control mice. Splenocytes restimulated with OVA in vitro from SeMet-supplemented mice produced lower amounts of IL-4 and IL-13 than those of control mice and higher amounts of IFN-γ than those from the control mice. These results suggest that oral SeMet supplementation suppresses OVA-induced ACA reaction by lowered Th2 cytokine production and augmenting Th1 cytokine production.

Enhancement of immediate allergic reactions by trichloroethylene ingestion via drinking water in mice

The prevalence of allergic disorders is increasing in industrial areas and countries. Recent reports suggest that some environmental pollutants are related to the increase in allergic diseases, and we reported that trichloroethylene (TCE) is a candidate chemical for causing the increase of allergic diseases, as TCE ingestion is associated with allergic reaction enhancement. TCE is widely used in many industries, and it is commonly detected as an environmental contaminant. This study aimed to clarify the immunotoxicity of TCE in detail. BALB/c mice were treated with TCE dissolved in drinking water for 2 and 4 weeks, and the mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum hydroxide (alum) twice. On the final day of the TCE exposure period, we measured the active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) reaction and the antigen- specific IgE level in serum as well as the histamine level at the allergic reaction site and assayed the proliferation rates of splenocytes collected from the animals. The ACA reaction was enhanced by TCE ingestion. The OVA specific IgE level in mice was enhanced by TCE exposure for 4 weeks. The proliferation rate of the splenocytes was enhanced by TCE ingestion for 2 and 4 weeks. The enhancement of the ACA reaction by TCE ingestion via drinking water may be related to the increase in splenocyte proliferation. On the other hand, it may be weakly related to antigen-specific IgE production.

Antiallergic Effects of Lactobacillus pentosus Strain S-PT84 Mediated by Modulation of Th1/Th2 Immunobalance and Induction of IL-10 Production

Background: Many types of fermented food are consumed in Japan. Although some are produced by plant-origin lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation, the physiological functions of such bacteria remain unclear. We therefore isolated LAB of plant origin from Kyoto pickles and determined the immunological activity of heat-killed preparations of plant-origin LAB. Methods: The Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 was selected from among 16 LAB of plant origin as the strongest interleukin (IL)-12-inducing strain. IL-12- and IL-10-inducing activities were determined with macrophages from BALB/c mice. The in vivo immunomodulating effect of S-PT84was determined with BALB/c mice fed S-PT84. The antiallergic activity of S-PT84 was examined in ovalbumin (OVA)/alum-administered BALB/c mice. Results: The L. pentosus strain S-PT84 induced production of both IL-12 and IL-10 in vitro. S-PT84 enhanced splenic natural-killer activity and modulated the T helper (Th) type 1/type 2 balance toward a Th1-dominant state. In the OVA-induced allergy model, orally administered S-PT84 lowered serum IgE levels and suppressed active cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and splenic IL-4 production. IL-10 production from splenocytes of OVA-immunized mice was upregulated by feeding S-PT84. Conclusions: Despite heat-killing, S-PT84 exhibited antiallergic effects by modulating the Th1/Th2 balance and inducing regulatory T cells. The L. pentosus strain S-PT84, which is of plant origin and isolated from a traditional Japanese food, is expected to be useful for treatment of many immune diseases including allergies, tumors, infectious diseases and auto-immune diseases.

Active cutaneous anaphylaxis-inhibitory activity of Gamavuton-0 potassium (K-GVT-0)

Potassium Gamavuton-0 is a salt form of 1,5- bis (4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5 dione or gamavuton-0. Structure modification to a salt form is expected to result in a soluble compound which should have a better bioavailability. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of potassium gamavuton-0 on active cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction induced by ovalbumin as an antigen. The study was performed using an active cutaneous anaphylaxis method followed by histopathological observation. The rats were subcutaneously sensitised by ovalbumin (OVA) and Al(OH)3 twice on the days of 0 and 7, and finally were challenged by ovalbumin on the day of 14 to induce active cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. In order to determine the mast cells on the inflammation tissues, the specimens were stained with 0.1 % Alcian Blue (pH 0.3) and nuclear fast red. Under light microscopy, mast cells were identified as blue granules against a pale red backgound. The results showed that potassium gamavuton-0 at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg BW could inhibit the pigmentation area of vascular permeability on rats dorsal skin. It indicated that this compound has the inhibitory effect on active cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction with ED30 value of 28.26 mg/kg BW. Nevertheless, inhibitory effect of potassium gamavuton-0 was still lower than that of cromolyn sodium, a mast cell degranulation inhibitory drug. Histopathologically, the mechanism of inhibitory effect of potassium gamavuton-0 on active cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction is suggested through the inhibition on mast cell degranulation process responsible for releasing inflammation mediators such as histamine, serotonin. Key words: Gamavuton-0 potassium, anaphylaxis, mast cell, ovalbumin

Effects of lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK‐23 on allergen‐induced serum antibody responses and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice

Our previous studies have presented evidence that lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK), a lysozyme and heat-treated probiotic product, can inhibit allergen-induced local accumulation of eosinophils in mice. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the influence of orally administrated LFK on the host immune responses. BALB/c mice were sensitized subcutaneously, and challenged intraperitoneally by cedar pollen allergen. Blood and spleen samples were collected after oral administration of LFK 60 mg/day for 21 days. The serum levels of total and allergen-specific IgE and IgG2a antibodies and the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma generated by allergen-stimulated cultured splenocytes were determined. Additionally, the effect of LFK on active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) induced by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge in mice was measured after 28 days LFK treatment. No significant differences in serum immunoglobulin levels, as well as in cytokine production of splenocytes were observed between LFK-treated and control mice (P>0.05). There was, however, an increasing tendency of allergen-specific IgG2a level in mice after LFK treatment for 21 days compared with controls (P=0.060). Furthermore, the serum ratio of specific IgE to IgG2a was found to be significantly decreased in the LFK group (P=0.005). In addition, a significant inhibition of OVA-induced ACA reaction was observed in mice that had been fed for 28 days with LFK compared with control mice (P=0.008). These results suggest that LFK shows an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be part of the mechanism for protection against IgE-mediated allergy.

Contribution of Endothelial Selectins and α4 Integrins to Eosinophil Trafficking in Allergic and Nonallergic Inflammatory Reactions in Skin

AbstractThe role of endothelial selectins in mediating eosinophil recruitment was assessed using the trafficking of 111In-labeled blood eosinophils in mouse skin. An intradermal injection of chemoattractants (leukotriene B4, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and eotaxin) resulted in a rapid accumulation of 111In eosinophils that was reduced 49 to 91% by anti-P-selectin mAb. An anti-E-selectin mAb was ineffective, although a combined E- and P-selectin blockade resulted in >95% inhibition of all responses. The accumulation of a pulse of 111In eosinophils at sites of active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) at 4 to 8 h and at 20 to 24 h after Ag challenge was completely dependent upon E- and P-selectin in combination, but not in isolation. In contrast, at 20 to 24 h after Ag challenge in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in skin, 111In eosinophil accumulation was largely independent of endothelial selectins, even when L-selectin was also blocked. An anti-α4 integrin mAb significantly reduced 111In eosinophil trafficking in both allergic reactions but was slightly more effective in the DTH reaction compared with the ACA reaction. These results show that P-selectin and to a lesser extent E-selectin mediate eosinophil recruitment in skin in acute inflammatory reactions. In allergic, late-onset inflammatory reactions, neither P- nor E-selectin alone are sufficient to mediate eosinophil accumulation; when combined, they are essential for trafficking in ACA but are less important in the DTH reaction. Whether α4 integrin-based strategies will be more effective than selectin-based strategies at inhibiting eosinophil recruitment in human disease remains to be determined.

The Effects of Chlorpheniramine and Antiallergic Drugs on Ascaris suum Antigen-Induced Active Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Dogs

Effects of chlorpheniramine and two antiallergic drugs on the active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) reaction induced by intradermal injection of Ascaris suum antigen in naturally sensitized dogs were investigated. Chlorpheniramine (10 mg/kg, intraduodenally (i.d.)) almost abolished the ACA reaction. NCO-650 (100 mg/kg, i.d.) had no inhibitory effect while tranilast (300 mg/kg, i.d.) showed a weak inhibitory effect. These findings show that (i) the ACA reaction is almost totally mediated by histamine and (ii) ACA reaction is considerably resistant to antiallergic drugs such as tranilast and NCO-650.