Parameters Of Action Research Articles

Armature Design Recommendations Based on Action Parameters

Force resolution over a C-armature reveals a large Lorentz force that acts to push the armature into rails. Large contact forces lead to a multitude of problems and efficiency losses. This article introduces a set of new parameters called action parameters (APs): armature action and action constant. These parameters optimize armature–rail (A/R) contact force to desired levels and improve muzzle velocity and launcher efficiency. The kinetic energy increases by 7.56 times for the case considered in this article. However, issues regarding loss of compliance and contact force fluctuations arising from optimizing C-armature unveil the need to develop a new armature design. It is recommended that the new armature should have a monolithic design, mechanical load carrying capacity, compliance, and a short current path. Such a hybrid armature design is proposed, and the design process is described.

Decidable Verification of Golog Programs over Non-Local Effect Actions

The Golog action programming language is a powerful means to express high-level behaviours in terms of programs over actions defined in a Situation Calculus theory. In particular for physical systems, verifying that the program satisfies certain desired temporal properties is often crucial, but undecidable in general, the latter being due to the language's high expressiveness in terms of first-order quantification, range of action effects, and program constructs. So far, approaches to achieve decidability involved restrictions where action effects either had to be context-free (i.e. not depend on the current state), local (i.e. only affect objects mentioned in the action's parameters), or at least bounded (i.e. only affect a finite number of objects). In this paper, we introduce two new, more general classes of action theories that allow for context-sensitive, non-local, unbounded effects, i.e. actions that may affect an unbounded number of possibly unnamed objects in a state-dependent fashion. We contribute to the further exploration of the boundary between decidability and undecidability for Golog, showing that for our new classes of action theories in the two-variable fragment of first-order logic, verification of CTL* properties of programs over ground actions is decidable.

Facial Expression Recognition Using Model-Based Feature Extraction and Action Parameters Classification

This paper introduces an automatic facial expression recognition system which consists of two parts: facial feature extraction and facial expression recognition. The system applies the point distribution model and the gray-level model to find the facial features. Then the position variations of certain designated points on the facial feature are described by 10 action parameters (APs). There are two phases in the recognition process: the training phase and the recognition phase. In the training phase, given 90 different expressions, the system classifies the principal components of the APs of all training expressions into six different clusters. In the recognition phase, given a facial image sequence, it identifies the facial expressions by extracting the 10 APs, analyzes the principal components, and finally calculates the AP profile correlation for a higher recognition rate. In the experiments, our system has demonstrated that it can recognize the facial expression effectively.