Management Activities Research Articles

Between the lines: linking carbon management to carbon accounting actions in the pursuit of corporate decarbonization

PurposeTo achieve net-zero by mid-century consistent with the Paris Agreement, companies must urgently formulate and implement decarbonization actions. While previous research has categorized numerous carbon management and carbon accounting actions, these domains have often been studied in isolation. We classify carbon management actions into four categories (inaction, ineffective, supportive and effective) and connect them to carbon accounting actions in a subsequent step, revealing four archetypical patterns of corporate decarbonization responses. The primary aim of this empirical study is to comprehensively assess how companies implement carbon management and carbon accounting actions in parallel and build an understanding of the various factors affecting each other, and how these domains affect carbon performance altogether.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a maximum diverse sampling approach to assess carbon management actions in 22 international companies and link them to carbon accounting actions. Data sources included interviews with sustainability managers, field notes from a joint meeting and sustainability reports. The heterogeneous sample aimed for maximum diversity, covering various sectors and headquarters locations, yet all companies have communicated a commitment to reducing carbon emissions. A qualitative content analysis was used to find connections between carbon management actions and carbon accounting actions, resulting in four archetypical patterns.FindingsThe study identifies a range of carbon management actions, from inaction to effective action, and corresponding carbon accounting actions for monitoring, disclosure, and internal information use. Effective carbon management actions correlate with comprehensive carbon accounting actions, while ineffective management shows limited use of these actions. Based on these findings, we examine links between carbon management and carbon accounting and identify four archetypical patterns of corporate decarbonization responses.Originality/valueThis study examines the interconnectedness of carbon management and carbon accounting, identifying archetypical patterns that explain their effectiveness in reducing corporate carbon emissions. It provides a framework for analyzing companies’ carbon management and highlights the essential role of carbon accounting in monitoring, disclosing and internal data use. Said framework and conclusions can guide future research and management.

The role of collaboration in the renewal of Arctic waste management

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the possibilities of renewal of the waste management sector in the Arctic through increased regional collaboration. The theoretical part of our article focuses on collaboration in the foundational sector. The empirical study analyzes municipal waste management in Northern Norway, which is characterized by low diversity, large distances between settlements and recycling facilities, and relatively small internal markets. Despite the relatively thin regional structures, we identify a strong capability for performing regional collaboration and joint renewal initiatives among the waste management actors in North Norway. We argue that in the foundational sector, research can highlight innovative firms in the periphery that contradict the mainstream narrative in the literature and give attention to the regions outside the most innovative and propelling cities.

A novel methodology for assessing resources and environmental carrying capacity with emphasis on ecosystem services: A multi-disciplinary approach to sustainable urban planning

Due to increased human activities, urban areas face challenges in maintaining their environment and natural resources in support of development. As a result, it is necessary to plan according to the availability of resources and the state of the environment to achieve sustainable development. For this purpose, Carrying capacity (CC) can be used to assess the sustainability of cities as complex Social-Ecological Systems (SES). By emphasizing Ecosystem Services (ESs) and regional thresholds, this paper proposes a novel methodology to evaluate Urban Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity (URECC). At first, an integrated simulation model is developed by combining an ecosystem services simulation model, a surface and ground water simulation model, a priority-based water allocating model, and a demands (i.e., water, food, and energy) estimation model. To evaluate URECC, various measurement indicators are developed and combined with a multi-stage decision-making (MSDM) method. Also, the decision-making sequences of management strategies and climate change scenarios are used to evaluate changes in the future. Based on the results, in the two base stages (2013–2016) and (2017–2020), without applying strategies, the average value of pressure-support, distance, and composite indices changed by +1.5%, −75.6%, and −66.7%, respectively, indicating a decrease in the CC. The future period (i.e., 2021–2040) was divided into four-year decision-making stages. According to the results, with the implementation of top sequences of strategies, the average values of pressure-support, distance, and composite indices would surpass those of maintaining the current trend by 49.4%, 123.5%, and 63.7%, respectively. In conclusion, management actions such as the development of semi-centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment networks, the simultaneous expansion of green space and built-up land, the implementation of artificial recharge, the improvement of irrigation efficiency, the management of urban water consumption, and the use of vegetation with low to medium water demands are effective for strengthening the URECC.

Potential impacts and priority areas of research of the on-going invasion of green crabs along the SW Atlantic

The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is one of the most extensively studied decapod species worldwide and it currently inhabits every continent except Antarctica. Its effects are observed across various spatio-temporal scales, impacting a wide range of taxa and environments. While extensive research has been conducted in the Northern Hemisphere, populations in the Southern Hemisphere (e.g., Argentina, Australia, and South Africa) have not been thoroughly investigated. This study has three main goals: 1) summarise and contextualise the invasion history of green crabs in the Southwest Atlantic since their initial detection in 2000, 2) present nine case studies identifying the potential ecological and economic impacts of green crabs on coastal ecosystems and to highlight priority research areas, and 3) discuss appropriate management actions in response to the species' rapid spread in the region. Our findings suggest that green crabs are likely to impact foundation species along rocky shores, alter the physical characteristics of soft-bottom environments, and affect infaunal organisms in sandy shores. Most of these impacts are either occurring or expected to occur in numerous marine protected areas. We also examine green crab interactions with other key species, highlighting its dual role as both an invasive predator and prey for native species, thus serving as a novel food resource. Furthermore, we consider their effects on commercially important species, tourism, and implications for threatened native species. Finally, we recommend prioritising prevention and rapid response strategies for managing green crab invasions, emphasising the importance of early detection and prompt action to address new incursions.

Restoration treatments enhance tree growth and alter climatic constraints during extreme drought.

The frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes, may also help promote tree resistance to drought. However, it is unclear whether these treatments remain effective during the most severe drought conditions or whether their impacts differ across environmental gradients. We used tree-ring data from a system of replicated, long-term (>20 years) experiments in the southwestern United States to evaluate the effects of forest restoration treatments (i.e., evidence-based thinning and burning) on annual growth rates (i.e., basal area increment; BAI) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a broadly distributed and heavily managed species in western North America. The study sites were established at the onset of the most extreme drought event in at least 1200 years and span much of the climatic niche of Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine. Across sites, tree-level BAI increased due to treatment, where trees in treated units grew 133.1% faster than trees in paired, untreated units. Likewise, trees in treated units grew an average of 85.6% faster than their pre-treatment baseline levels (1985 to ca. 2000), despite warm, dry conditions in the post-treatment period (ca. 2000-2018). Variation in the local competitive environment promoted variation in BAI, and larger trees were the fastest-growing individuals, irrespective of treatment. Tree thinning and prescribed fire altered the climatic constraints on growth, decreasing the effects of belowground moisture availability and increasing the effects of atmospheric evaporative demand over multi-year timescales. Our results illustrate that restoration treatments can enhance tree-level growth across sites spanning ponderosa pine's climatic niche, even during recent, extreme drought events. However, shifting climatic constraints, combined with predicted increases in evaporative demand in the southwestern United States, suggest that the beneficial effects of such treatments on tree growth may wane over the upcoming decades.

The Africa Bird Data packages: African citizen science bird data in R

The African Bird Atlas Project (ABAP) and the Coordinated Waterbird Counts (CWAC) are the main citizen science bird monitoring programmes in southern Africa. ABAP data are collected by volunteers that compile bird lists over a grid of geographic areas known as pentads, resulting in millions of records that are key to studying bird distribution. In contrast, CWAC collects data on waterbird abundance at a selection of wetlands twice a year, offering important data on waterbird population dynamics. ABAP and CWAC data are extensively used in research. They also provide the evidence base for conservation decisions, site management and national reporting obligations against international agreements. The respective project websites provide distribution maps, summary statistics and basic data download features. However, a more advanced use of these data for modelling and their incorporation into analytical workflows requires flexible and direct access to the databases. The Africa Bird Data R packages presented here provide an important functionality to download and process data directly into the analytical software R. Apart from accessing the databases, there are functions that help with the analysis of these data by incorporating model covariates or formatting data for R packages that are popular for the analysis of this kind of data. Our objective is to make African bird data more accessible and easier to work with in order to unlock their full potential for research, and to inform management and conservation actions.

“Breaking barriers: empowering African youth through implementation of a therapeutic patient education program for juvenile idiopathic arthritis”

IntroductionPatient education is crucial in managing chronic diseases like Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Traditional methods such as videos and brochures often fail to maintain long-term knowledge retention. Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) offers a more effective, patient-centered approach.ObjectivePAFLAR aimed to implement a TPE program with a “train the trainers” masterclass to ensure effective delivery and improve outcomes for children with JIA.MethodsPAFLAR's TPE program was designed through a focus group, involving a literature review and strategic planning for the implementation step. The program includes specialized training for healthcare professionals enhancing their abilities to deliver TPE workshops. Participants were selected based on volunteerism and commitment to the project. Evaluations were conducted through feedback assessment of both patients and participants.ResultsPAFLAR launched a TPE program in 2023, aimed at training healthcare providers to implement TPE effectively. This initiative included both in-person and virtual masterclasses, resulting in five workshops conducted in Kenya, Tunisia, and Nigeria. These workshops covered various aspects of JIA management, such as patient and family education, self-esteem, physical activity, treatment adherence, and pain management. Early results showed significant improvements in patients’ and parents’ understanding and management of JIA, with positive feedback indicating a need for further sessions.ConclusionPAFLAR has taken the initial step in implementing a TPE program for JIA across three countries, representing different regions of Africa. The TPE program offers a promising alternative to traditional patient education methods, significantly improving patient care, empowering healthcare providers, and advancing healthcare systems.

Linking habitat and population viability analysis models to account for vegetation dynamics, habitat fragmentation, and social behavior of a metapopulation of Florida scrub-jays

Population dynamics and viability are driven by interactions among habitat and species biology. The Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) is a declining and Federally Threatened bird species that requires mid-succession habitat of partly open soil surface with mid-height vegetation. This habitat is created and sustained in a dynamic state of vegetation growth and periodic natural (e.g., fire) or managed (e.g., mechanical clearing) disturbances. Florida scrub-jays once occupied open oak scrub habitats across much of peninsular Florida but have been reduced to a few regional metapopulations and scattered isolated remnant populations. Many of these populations are undergoing continuing decline as open scrub is either converted to residential development or transitions into closed pine and oak forests due to fire suppression. Long-term field studies have shown that breeding and survival rates are determined by the quality of the scrub habitat, with the demography influenced by and in turn mediating the social structure. Prior Population Viability Analyses (PVA) that included dependencies of demographic rates on habitat and social structure indicated that the east coast Florida metapopulations were fragmented into remnant protected patches that were too small and isolated to support long-term persistence, even if the remaining habitat area and quality was sustained. Moreover, recent modeling of habitat transitions under various proposed management schemes, in conjunction with implementation of Adaptive Resource Management (ARM), projected that the proportion of optimal habitat will continue to decline. In this study, we integrated these habitat projections within the PVA and found that the Brevard County mainland metapopulation is projected to decline toward extinction unless habitat quality, extent, and connectivity can be improved. Land managers have recently implemented new innovative methods for restoring optimal scrub habitat, identifying potential improvements in habitat connectivity of nearby populations, and translocation methods to increase and reinforce the demographic and genetic integrity of local populations. Our linked habitat-population models project that the combination of such habitat and population management actions can stabilize the metapopulation and achieve long-term viability.

The Influence of Phytoconstituents for the Management of Antipsoriatic Activity in Various Animal Models.

It is possible for psoriasis to manifest at any point in a person's life, regardless of their age, gender, or geographic location. It is a chronic immune-linked inflammatory skin ill-ness that affects individuals of various racial and ethnic origins. It is recognized to be a long-lasting condition. Because of the significant contribution that natural products have made, there has been a significant advancement in the treatment of skin illnesses such as psoriasis. The biggest number of phytochemicals derived from a wide range of plants and herbs are now being used in a variety of applications throughout the whole world. Additionally, a number of phyto-chemicals, including aloe-emodin, psoralen, curcumin, and others, have been effectively ex-tracted in pure or clear form, and they have shown a great deal of efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis illness. There is evidence that a few herbal remedies are effective, and the occurrence of these phytochemicals provides more proof. When synthetic medications are used for chronic therapy, they may cause a variety of adverse consequences; hence, the exploration of natural pharmaceuticals can give a successful natural treatment with a minimal amount of adverse ef-fects. Within the scope of this concise review, a number of plant sources that possess anti-pso-riatic activity are investigated, and the antipsoriatic effects of these plant sources are shown on a number of animal models using particular pathways.

Elevation-Dependent Snow Cover Dynamics and Associated Topo-Climate Impacts in Upper Indus River Basin

In the present study, Improved Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) snow cover product (MOYDGL06*) has been used to evaluate the snow cover area (SCA) in Kabul, Jhelum, and Indus river basins for the time period of 2003 – 2020 with available MODIS land surface temperature (LST), and CHIRPS (precipitation) with objectives to evaluate the spatio-temporal SCA, and climate variables with respect to different elevations analyzed from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model Version 3 (GDEM v3) and also to correlate the climatic variables with SCA. The results presented average annual SCA is around 50.7% – 64.7% in sub-basins of UIB, further it has been observed that SCA is decreasing on annual and seasonal timescale in all three basins. Elevation-dependent SCA, temperature, and precipitation presented a mix of trend on annual, seasonal, and monthly timescale at lower and higher altitude in all selected basins. Moreover, it was noticed that topography (slope, & aspect) also influences the SCA in the region. Furthermore, it has been examined that temperature has significant inverse relationship with SCA at middle and higher altitude in Indus, while in Kabul, and Jhelum no significant relationship observed at extreme lower and higher altitudes. It is also evident from relationship between SCA and climate variable that temperature is significantly responsible for decreasing trend of SCA rather than intense precipitation in all three river basins. Thus, all these elevation-dependent changes can improve our hydrological understanding which can have a considerable implication for hydrology, climate science, water resource management and socio-economic activities.

Do socially responsible firms demonstrate a preference for using classification shifting to manage earnings?

Prior research finds socially responsible firms are less likely to engage in earnings management, suggesting that socially responsible firms seek to provide more transparent financial reports (Hong and Anderson 2011; Kim, Park, and Wier 2012; Hwang, Choi, Choi, and Lee 2022). We investigate whether managers of CSR firms demonstrate a preference for classification shifting when making trade-off decisions among earnings management methods. First, our results support prior studies that find the overall extent of earnings management is lower for CSR firms. However, this study focuses on the use of classification shifting relative to other forms of earnings management. We find a robust positive relation between CSR performance and the relative use of classification shifting. Our results suggest that while CSR firms engage in lower levels of earnings management they demonstrate a preference to choose classification shifting when engaging in earnings management. These findings are consistent with managers perceiving classification shifting as a less unethical tool relative to accruals earnings management or real activities manipulation. Subsequent analyses reveal that our results are most pronounced for firms with lower external monitoring where managers have the most freedom to make trade-off decisions among earnings management methods based on ethical considerations. Overall, by demonstrating a preference for classification shifting relative to other earnings management tools our study furthers our understanding of the role of ethical considerations in earnings management decisions.

Fire management now and in the future: Will today's solutions still apply tomorrow?

Climate change and fire management actions are the two key drivers of fire regime changes now and into the future. The predicted effects of these drivers vary between regions and global climate projections; however, it is expected that fire regimes globally are likely to intensify. Increased wildfire extent, frequency and severity mean impacts to people, property, infrastructure, production and the environment are also likely to increase under worsening climate conditions. Fire management programs aim to reduce the influence of worsening climatic conditions on wildfires and risk to assets now and into the future However, given the pace of changes to fire regimes, trade-offs between assets are increasingly likely. Therefore, understanding the cost-effectiveness of fire management in the form of both fuel management and suppression is critical for managers to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation. We develop and test a Bayesian Decision Network (BDN) incorporating data from ~1200 fire regime simulations capturing 16 management strategies across six regions and six climate models. We quantify the effects of management and climate on fire size and risk to environmental, infrastructure, and production assets, as well as people and property. We calculate the overall cost-effectiveness of the management scenario based on the cost of implementing the program and the subsequent cost of impacts caused by wildfires. We found that costs increased under future climate conditions for all management scenarios in most regions. Despite some regional variation in the cost-effectiveness of management scenarios we were able to identify key scenarios which consistently had high cost-effectiveness. These were combinations of prescribed burning and suppression. Importantly, the model clearly demonstrates the risk of a do-nothing approach and highlights that action is needed to prevent high impacts now and into the future and to reduce the overall costs of wildfires.

Leveraging local wildlife surveys for robust occupancy trend estimation

Natural resource agencies are frequently tasked with monitoring populations of at-risk species to ensure management activities do not negatively affect the viability of wildlife populations. Typically, these monitoring efforts evaluate trends in a population’s abundance, occupancy, or geographic distribution. Often, surveys provide local information, but results are generally not incorporated into broad-scale monitoring efforts that focus on range-wide population changes due to their variable nature in both spatial extent and effort. We investigated whether aggregating these local (hereafter “variable”) surveys can generate enough statistical power to estimate broad-scale population trends using simulations of declining populations of fishers (Pekaniapennati) over a 10-year time horizon. Our simulations included three population sizes which we refer to as abundant, common, and rare (N0 = 700, 350, and 100 individuals, respectively) with each declining at a rapid and moderate pace (λ = 0.933, and 0.977, respectively). For each population, we simulated variable surveys using an occupancy framework to subsample the population with parameters that mimic combining multiple independent monitoring efforts which vary annually in location, and effort. Regardless of spatial consistency of annual sampling, there was minimal variation in statistical power under both high and low detection probability simulations. However, when sampling effort varied each year, statistical power was lower for most populations and sampling scenarios when compared to consistent sampling effort unless some baseline level of sampling effort was reliably achieved in all years. In many cases, adding low-level consistent baseline sampling to variable surveys resulted in statistical power close to that of consistent sampling efforts. Our results suggest statistical power is driven by annual consistency in the proportion of landscape sampled rather than spatial consistency in sampling locations. This result indicates that current variable surveys could be leveraged and combined to detect population declines for at-risk species at broad-scales if a baseline proportion of landscape is robustly sampled. The level of baseline sampling is highly dependent on population size and magnitudes of population change. In simulations with a common or abundant population experiencing a rapid decline, a baseline survey effort of at least 5% of the landscape in combination with variable surveys resulted in statistical power consistently above the standard threshold of 0.80 for occupancy monitoring. Leveraging existing local efforts to achieve high detection probability and baseline sampling would reduce financial and logistical burdens of broad-scale wildlife monitoring efforts.

Conservation in agricultural landscapes: Impact of privately managed interventions on habitat condition and woody cover

Agricultural landscapes often overlap with areas of high biodiversity. Conservation efforts in these areas have the potential to play a pivotal role in mitigating biodiversity loss and supporting global conservation targets. This study investigates the effectiveness of private conservation interventions established in an agricultural landscape and biodiversity hotspot of Tasmania, Australia. Using a synthetic control design, we assessed two interventions: conservation covenants, which limit disturbances, and a stewardship program emphasizing active management. Our analysis, segmented by dominant vegetation group, examines both habitat condition and woody cover. Results indicate substantial variability both within and between programmes. The stewardship programme generally improved habitat conditions for native grasslands and grassy woodlands, although increased woody cover in native grasslands was a negative outcome. Conservation covenants had positive effects on grassy woodlands and modified agricultural land but were less effective in native grasslands. The study highlights challenges in private conservation, such as balancing landowner engagement with conservation goals and ensuring consistent monitoring. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management are crucial for sustainable ecological benefits, and integrating privately managed conservation efforts with public reserves has the potential to help achieving global biodiversity targets. Insights from this research can guide future conservation strategies, promoting effective management practices in working landscapes.

The Stock and Option Market Response to Negative ESG News

Synopsis The research problem This study investigates the response of stock prices and equity options to negative environmental, social, and governmental (ESG) incidents. Motivation Despite the growing significance of ESG news and the prominent role of equity options in portfolio management, empirical research on the relationship between options and ESG news remains notably scarce. Yet, the bulk of active asset managers, hedge funds, and investment banks continuously analyze stock prices and option prices simultaneously, to improve strategy performance and risk management and to search for information signals. The test hypotheses We hypothesize that negative ESG news events tend to negatively impact stock prices and trigger an increase in implied volatility (IV). We also postulate that the magnitude of market response is driven by the event characteristics, that is, “severity,” “novelty,” and “reach,” as well as the financial materiality. Target population Active asset managers, investment banks, regulators. Adopted methodology We employed a two-stage approach to analyze the effect of ESG events on stocks and option IVs. We estimated expected returns and expected change in IV using regression techniques. First, we used these to calculate abnormal returns (AR) and abnormal implied volatility (AIV). We then summed up the ARs and AIVs over several days to obtain cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and cumulative abnormal changes in volatility (CAIV). Second, we used the CARs and CAIVs as dependent variables for fixed effect panel regressions. Analyses We created a large dataset of daily stock and options data on the companies from the S&P 500 index between 2006 and 2021. Most importantly, we use two unique datasets — one on negative ESG news from RepRisk and the other on options prices from OptionMetrics. Out of nearly 3 billion option prices, we extracted option implied volatilities for each stock, applied Bayesian imputation, and obtained daily average IV per stock. Findings Results of event studies indicate that, on average, option IV exhibits a minimal day-to-day reaction to ESG incidents. However, more severe incidents and those reported by major business sources result in a more pronounced increase in IV within 10 days following the event. Additionally, our empirical analysis highlights the influence of financial materiality on asset prices, as financially material ESG incidents lead to significant declines in stock prices and an upward surge in IV. Notably, this effect is particularly prominent for incidents related to natural capital. In conclusion, the options market incorporates information regarding ESG events, while stock prices exhibit comparatively lower and less systematic reactivity.

PAPEL DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM NO ATENDIMENTO DO SETOR DE URGÊNCIA E EMERGÊNCIA INTRA-HOSPITALAR

In-hospital urgent and emergency care is of fundamental importance in meeting the health needs and demands of the population that seeks the sector as the main gateway in search of agility and resolution. Thus, this study sought to understand the importance of assistance from the nursing team in the urgency and emergency sector and its importance. For this, a qualitative bibliographical research was carried out, based on a narrative literature review, using articles published between 2015 and 2024 in the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Google Scholar portals. It was found that the nursing team plays an extremely important role in the assistance provided in the urgency and emergency sector of hospital institutions, as professionals are responsible for a set of actions that are essential to the capacity to offer care, as in addition to promote reception aimed at expanding access to health services for users seeking emergency care, carry out screening and risk classification processes in favor of establishing care priorities to preserve a greater number of lives and reduce injuries and complications in health. In addition, the team also works directly in the execution of management actions aimed at controlling and managing financial, material and human resources in order to guarantee effectiveness, quality and, above all, the ability to offer humanized and resolute assistance to the public.

The Influence of DPK, CAR, NPF, FDR, and BOPO on the Profitability of Sharia Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022

In the modern era, the banking industry is one of the key sectors that make a significant contribution to the economy of a country, including Indonesia. With the enactment of Law No. 10 of 1998 on banking which was later updated into Law No. 21 of 2008 on Islamic banking, the Indonesian banking industry has received a positive response. This study aims to examine the contribution of several factors to the financial performance of banks. These factors are Third Party Deposits (DPK), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Operating Expenses Operating Income (BOPO). The descriptive statistical analysis method is used in this study, involving the incorporation of each variable with the average value, minimum value, maximum, and standard deviation. The results of the analysis show that deposits have a negative impact on profitability, CAR has a positive and significant impact on profitability, NPF has a positive and significant impact on profitability, FDR has a negative and significant impact on profitability, and BOPO has a negative and significant impact on profitability. Using Signal Theory, this study highlights the importance of management actions in conveying information to investors to reduce information inequality between management and external parties. This study has limitations such as the use of secondary data that has been published with time series data for only five years (2018-2022), and only involves five independent variables.

Circular Management of Tree Pruning Waste in City Park Management (Case Study in South Surabaya)

This study aims to describe in depth the flow and management of circular tree pruning waste management to the management of urban parks in South Surabaya. This study uses a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted for six months from January to July 2024 and the research location focused on South Surabaya city parks and green lanes along Jl. A. Yani to Jl. Raya Darmo which are included in the South Surabaya area. Primary and secondary data sources. Data collection methods by interviews, documentation and observation. Data analysis uses triangulation analysis. The results of the study show that the management of city parks and green paths in South Surabaya produces tree pruning waste that is used as compost and distributed to city parks and green paths. The management of composting waste is an activity that aims to reduce organic waste and create environmentally friendly circular management. This management management strategy results in a good Green Open Space with fresh and green plants. Circular management activities provide benefits for city parks and green lanes in South Surabaya.

A comparative on effects of Patient Safety Knowledge, Patient Safety Attitude, Patient Safety Management Activity and Nursing Competency in Clinical Practice and Simulation Practice based on Patient Safety

A comparative on effects of Patient Safety Knowledge, Patient Safety Attitude, Patient Safety Management Activity and Nursing Competency in Clinical Practice and Simulation Practice based on Patient Safety

Development and Implementation of a “Real Estate Web Application” for Modern Web Application

A real estate management system is one of the modern software solutions developed to keep up and improve on the management and operating process within the real estate industry. Real estate is one of the fastest-growing industries on a global level and thousands of properties are issued every day, which calls for effective automation in some property management activities. REMS has solutions to all these issues in the very complete system platform that encompasses various aspects of property management, such as placement, tenant management, tracking of finances, and scheduling of maintenance. All these are brought together by the most advanced technologies, namely cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and data analytics, when forming a strong and user-friendly system for the real estate professional. Generally, it provides a database core that allows instant access to information regarding properties which can make communication and collaboration between parties in the management of property ownership-owners, managers, tenants, and service providers-well easier. Its easy-to-use interface gives the user the ability to deal most efficiently with property listings, tenant information, rental payments, financial reports generation, and requests for maintenance. The main elements of the system include an intelligent listing module that enables real estate agents to give detailed descriptions, images, and pricing information about their property listings. Management of tenants through a specific module ensures effective onboarding while still regulating managerial management of rental agreements, rent collection, and other communications with tenants. REMS also incorporates a full-scale financial tracking component. In the case of rent calculation, it would further advance into generating invoices and track expenses and offer detailed financial reports.