Action Of Sodium Bicarbonate Research Articles

6-(Tetrazol-5-yl)-7-aminoazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as Novel Potent CK2 Inhibitors.

In this work, we describe the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of 6-(tetrazol-5-yl)-7-aminoazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as inhibitors of Casein kinase 2 (CK2). At first, we optimized the reaction conditions for the azide-nitrile cycloaddition in the series of 6-cyano-7-aminoazolopyridimines and sodium azide. The regioselectivity of this process has been shown, as the cyano group of the pyrimidine cycle was converted to tetrazole while the nitrile of the azole fragment did not react. The desired tetrazolyl-azolopyrimidines were obtained in a moderate to excellent yields (42−95%) and converted further to water soluble sodium salts by the action of sodium bicarbonate. The obtained 6-(tetrazol-5-yl)-7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 2a−k and their sodium salts 3a−c, 3g−k showed nano to low micromolar range of CK2 inhibition while corresponding [1,2,4]triazolopyrimidines 10a−k were less active (IC50 > 10 µM). The leader compound 3-phenyl-6-(tetrazol-5-yl)-7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 2i as CK2 inhibitor showed IC50 45 nM.

Combating inadequate anesthesia in periapical infections, with sodium bicarbonate: a clinical double blind study

Local anesthetics are generally much less effective when administered in inflamed tissues. This study was conducted to validate the addition of sodium bicarbonate in local anesthetics to increase its effectiveness as local infiltrations in teeth associated with periapical infections. Two hundred subjects requiring extraction of maxillary teeth with periapical infections were enrolled. These subjects were divided in two groups of 100 subjects each. One group received local infiltration with 2% lignocaine and 1:80,000 adrenaline, and the other group received local infiltration with sodium bicarbonate as an adjunct to the above mentioned local anesthetic solution. All extractions were performed using a consistent intra-alveolar technique by a single operator. Both the patient and the operator were blinded to the contents of local anesthetic solution. Data related to the onset of action of local anesthesia, pain experienced by the patient while undergoing extraction on two scales-"the visual analog scale and the verbal response scale", and any requirement of repeated injections during the procedure was recorded. Clinical and statistical data confirmed that the addition of sodium bicarbonate in local anesthetics did increase the efficacy of local anesthesia in inflamed tissues. It has been observed in this study that the action of sodium bicarbonate in local anesthetics increases the pH levels of these solutions, thus possibly making them more effective in an acidic environment.

Substituted 4(5H)-oxazolones and their salts. 9. Synthesis of new derivatives of 2-[2-(α-hetaryl)ethenyl]-4(5H)-oxazolonium perchlorates and their properties

New 2-furyl- and 2-thienylvinyl-4(5H)-oxazolonium perchlorates were synthesized. The action of sodium bicarbonate in 50% aq. ethanol on these salts gave 4(5H)-oxazolones.

The action of sodium bicarbonate and of silica powder on upward propagating flame in a vertical duct

The effect of NaHCO 3 and SiO 2 powders, freely falling under gravity, on a flame propagating upward in a lean methane-air mixture, has been studied in a vertical duct for various powder concentrations and mean particle sizes. At low concentrations both powders produce an increase in the flame propagation rate and the flame front temperature, due probably to aerodynamic factors. At higher concentrations the two powders behave differently, both quantitatively and qualititatively. The results suggest that while both powders produce aerodynamic and thermal effects, NaHCO 3 also acts chemically.

Absorption spectra of the sodium peruranates.

IT was shown by Scott1 that the presence of bicarbonate in solutions of sodium peruranate, formed by the addition of excess hydrogen peroxide to sodium uranyl tricarbonate solution, caused errors in the absorptiometric determination of uranium. Smales and Furby2 found the optical density to be dependent on both the pH and the carbonate content of the solutions. A study of the absorption spectra of these solutions, using the Beckmann spectrophotometer, confirms the theory of Scott that the colour change is due to the formation of a series of peruranates, and suggests that his alternative mechanism, the formation of sodium uranyl tricarbonate as a result of the action of sodium bicarbonate, is less important.

The Action of Sodium Bicarbonate on the Gastric Fluids

The Action of Sodium Bicarbonate on the Gastric Fluids