Actinomycosis Infection Research Articles

An actinomycosis infection resembling peritoneal dissemination of rectal cancer: a case report

BackgroundActinomycosis is a suppurative and granulomatous inflammation commonly caused by Actinomyces israelii. Due to its rarity and the paucity of characteristic clinical features, diagnosis of intra-abdominal actinomycosis is challenging, especially when the patient has a treatment history of abdominal cancer.Case presentationThe patient is a 72-year-old man who has a history of multiple abdominal surgeries for rectal cancer, including low anterior resection for primary rectal cancer, partial hepatic resection for metachronous liver metastasis, and Hartmann surgery for local recurrence. The patient has also undergone parastomal hernia repair using the Sugarbaker method. One year after hernia repair, computed tomography (CT) identified a mass lesion between the abdominal wall and the mesh, suggesting the possibility of peritoneal recurrence of rectal cancer. The accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was evident via positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT), while tumor marker levels were within the normal range. On laparotomy, the small intestine, abdominal wall, mesh, colon, and stoma were observed to be associated with the mass lesion, and en bloc resection was carried out. However, postoperative histopathological examination revealed an actinomyces infection without any cancerous cells.ConclusionsThis case highlights the challenges faced by surgeons regarding preoperative diagnosis of actinomycosis, especially when it occurs after the resection of abdominal cancer. Also, this case reminds us of the importance of a histopathological examination for abdominal masses or nodules before starting chemotherapy.

Mediastinal Mass, Cancer, or Infection, Atypical Paraesophageal Actinomycosis Infection, Clinical and Surgical Approach.

Actinomyces israelii (AI) is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that lives commensally on and within humans as a typical colonizer within the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth. As an opportunistic pathogen, infection often results from tissue injury or breach of the mucosal barrier (ie, during various dental or GI procedures, aspiration, or specific pathologies such as diverticulitis). Symptoms generally present slowly as a non-tender, indurated mass that evolves into multiple abscesses, fistulae, or draining sinus tracts without regard for anatomical barriers, including fascial planes or lymphatic drainage. However, it may also present as an acute suppurative infection with pain and rapid progression to abscess formation.

Pericardial infiltration and constriction due to cardiac actinomycosis—case report

Abstract Background Constrictive pericarditis associated with actinomycosis infection is a rare and challenging diagnosis due to its insidious manifestation. We describe the successful treatment of pericardial infiltration and constriction due to actinomycosis. Case summary A 50-year-old Aboriginal man presented with insidious onset of fatigue, dyspnoea, pleuritic chest pain, fever, drenching sweats, severe exercise intolerance to 50 m, and recurrent itchy skin lesions over 8 months. Prior investigations, including serial fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron emission tomography scans, found a progressively enlarging, metabolically active anterior mediastinal mass with two biopsies on separate occasions showing no malignancy, granulomas, tuberculosis, or other pathology. Screening for infective, autoimmune, and connective tissue disease was negative. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed fibrinous pericarditis with extensive myocardial tethering and constrictive physiology confirmed on heart catheterization. A pericardial biopsy showed inflammatory tissue only. Biopsy of a skin lesion on the buttock showed abscess formation with Splendore Hoeppli phenomenon with Gram-positive and Grocott-positive filamentous bacteria suggestive of actinomyces, confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. He was diagnosed with cardiac actinomycosis, likely due to mediastinal infiltration from a lung infection, with haematogenous spread and treated with Penicillin G with adjunctive high-dose steroid therapy with resolution of symptoms and marked improvement in TTE features of constriction after 6 weeks. Discussion Actinomycosis is an extremely rare cause of pericardial infiltration and constriction yet highly sensitive to penicillin, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis. Corticosteroids are a useful adjunct to prevent chronic constrictive pericarditis and to avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with pericardiectomy.

A rare case of actinomycosis in routine fnac of the face in a tertiary care center in Central India

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection. It is caused by gram-positive, non-acid fast, filamentous, anaerobic to microaerophilic bacilli. Actinomycosis on the root of the nose is a rare entity. We report a case of 38 years old male who presented with swelling over the root of the nose since birth. Mucoid material was aspirated. Microscopic examination reveals a filamentous structured colony and crystal against the granular proteinaceous background. Features suggest benign cystic lesion and secondary actinomycosis infection, negative with an acid-fast bacilli stain consistent with Actinomyces species. As stated in most of the literature, mainly males are affected by this condition. Very little information is available on the use of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to diagnose these lesions. We are reporting a case of an actinomycotic lesion that was reliably diagnosed with FNAC. So, we emphasized here that FNAC is aninexpensive, rapid, and simple outpatient procedure that helps in the rapid diagnosis of Actinomycosis.

Leave No Stone Unturned: A Case of an Actinomyces Rhinolith Presenting With Chronic Cough and Throat Pain.

Actinomycosis infection in the nasal cavity, especially an actinomyces rhinolith, is extremely rare. It should be considered in cases where a heterogenous calcified mass is found within the nasal cavity on endoscopy and radiographically. Treatment includes surgical debridement and a prolonged course of antibiotics, unique from the more typically encountered fungus ball. This case highlights the broad differential for chronic cough and throat pain and the importance of considering sinonasal contributions to throat symptoms.

COVID-19-associated mucormycosis – “The Black fungus” with associated invasive aspergillosis and actinomycosis infection: Series of 5 cases in the Indian scenario

COVID-19-associated mucormycosis – “The Black fungus” with associated invasive aspergillosis and actinomycosis infection: Series of 5 cases in the Indian scenario

A RARE CASE OF ACTINOMYCES EMPYEMA

A RARE CASE OF ACTINOMYCES EMPYEMA

S2513 Not All That Appears Like Oral Thrush Is Candidiasis: A Case of Oral Actinomycosis

Introduction: Oral thrush is one of the most common infections that affect the oral cavity. The oral candidiasis lesions classically present as whitish confluent plaques on oral cavity examination of tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. Oral thrush has long been associated with overgrowth of Candida albicans in the mouth in dialysis dependent patients, diabetics, immunocompromised, and who are on corticosteroid therapy. In this abstract we present a case of oral actinomycosis mimicking oral thrush upon presentation. Case Description/Methods: 51-year-old female a history of squamous cell esophageal cancer status post distal esophagectomy and gastric pull through operation 5 years ago. She with a presented with a chief complaint of odynophagia and recurrent episodes of dysphagia for solid foods that has been worsening since past few weeks. About 6 months ago the patient had an upper endoscopy, which was significant for acute gastritis and pyloric stenosis, which was dilated. No obvious thrush was identified during that visit. Patient was not on any immunosuppressive medication. A repeat upper endoscopy was performed at this visit which was revealing of thrush in the oropharyngeal area and chronic gastritis. Tongue brushings were obtained for cytopathological analysis, which were suggestive of actinomyces infection. The patient was started on amoxicillin therapy for 2 weeks, which resulted in resolution of thrush as well as her clinical symptoms. Other treatment alternatives for actinomycosis include doxycycline, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and imipenem (Figure). Discussion: Actinomyces is a rare bacterium often found in the head and neck region. They are partially acid-fast, filamentous gram-positive microorganisms. They were originally classified with fungi organisms as they possess hyphae. Actinomyces is considered to cause chronic suppurative infection. However, actinomycosis infection of the tongue is rare, it usually presents as an abscess formation, draining sinus tracts, fistulae, and tissue fibrosis. The gold standard for the diagnosis of Actinomyces is histological examination. Identification of the underlying pathogen is crucial for management of these patients. Candida is treated with antifungals, however, for actinomyces the treatment is penicillin group of antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to have awareness for actinomyces in the setting of oral thrush for appropriate treatment.Figure 1.: Endoscopic Findings.

More on search for causes of sensitization to tuberculin PPD for mammals in cattle

Despite the large number of papers dealing with the description of proposed methods for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and mechanisms of non-specific reaction development in diseased and healthy animals, various aspects require further study. Many specialists are still of the view, formulated when studying causes of pseudoallergic reactions, that the agents of actinomycosis, trematode infections etc. can cause sensitization of the animal body to tuberculin PPD for mammals. The possibility of sensitization of cattle body to Аctinomyces bovis tuberculin was studied in 240 animals identified as actinomycosis diseased among 3,473 tested animals. Only 11 (4.6%) of the total number of diseased animals were reactors to tuberculin PPD for mammals. During bacteriological tests of material from animals euthanized for diagnostic purposes (tuberculin reactors and nonreactors with a confirmed postmortem diagnosis of actinomycosis), acid-tolerant nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) cultures were isolated. The results of the experiment conducted in 628 cows of a dairy holding confirmed that Actinomyces bovis lacks tuberculin-associated allergenicity: actinomycosis was detected only in one of 96 (15.2%) tuberculin reactors. The conducted clinical tests with high significance level (Р < 0.005) showed that there is no association between allergic reaction to tuberculin PPD for mammals and actinomycosis infection. The obtained results are indicative of imperfections in differential diagnosis, and further studies in this field should significantly contribute to gaining a better insight into non-specific sensitization of cattle body to tuberculin.

S2191 Endoscopic and Medical Management of Actinomycosis Infection at the Gastro-Jejunal Anastomosis After Subtotal Gastrectomy With Roux-en-Y Reconstruction Resolves Chronic Abdominal Pain

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is one of the most common type of gastric surgeries performed worldwide. Chronic post-operative abdominal pain post RYGB occurs in up to 30% of patients. We present an 82-year-old female with chronic abdominal pain post RYGB caused by actinomycosis infection at gastrojejunal anastomosis associated with suture material. Case Description/Methods: An 82-year-old female presented with persistent epigastric abdominal pain following subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for stage 1 gastric adenocarcinoma. She reported chronic abdominal pain within a year of surgery. Imaging with CT abdomen/pelvis was unremarkable and EGD demonstrated a marginal ulcer. She was started on PPI but abdominal pain worsened, requiring multiple hospitalizations, repeated imaging and endoscopies over the next 5 years following surgery without an identified etiology for her ongoing abdominal pain. Repeat EGD at our center showed resolution of marginal ulcer and nodularity at the gastrojejunal anastomosis with associated suture material. Biopsies of the nodule demonstrated Actinomycosis infection with acute inflammatory exudate. She was started on amoxicillin and repeat EGD was performed with removal of suture material using endoscopic suture cutters. Repeat biopsy confirmed Actinomyces infection of the anastomosis as well as colonization of suture material. Antibiotics were continued for a total of six months and her abdominal pain completely resolved. Repeat EGD after completion of therapy demonstrated no evidence of actinomycosis infection at the anastomosis. Discussion: Actinomycosis infection following RYGB surgery is an uncommon source of post-operative chronic abdominal pain. In our case, increase in gastric pH after RYGB surgery due to anatomical changes and PPI usage as well as retained suture likely predisposed to this infection. There may have been a delay in diagnosis due to difficulty in visualizing the suture material on repeat EGD as it was located behind a fold of the anastomosis. This reinforces the recommendation for careful inspection of the post-RYGB anastomosis when evaluating chronic post-operative abdominal pain. Prior cases of intra-abdominal Actinomyces infection after RYGB required prolonged antibiotics for greater than 12 months or surgical intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Actinomyces at the gastrojejunal anastomosis successfully treated with endoscopic foreign body removal and six months of antimicrobials.

ACTINOMYCES BACTEREMIA FROM PULMONARY ACTINOMYCOSIS

TOPIC: Chest Infections TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Actinomycosis is an infection caused by actinomyces species, an anaerobe colonized within the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Actinomyces bacteremia is rare clinical finding of which the etiology, identification, and treatment are debated. We present a case report of a 59-year-old male with stage IV breast cancer who required intensive care for actinomyces bacteremia and acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary actinomycosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old male presented to the hospital with respiratory distress. On initial evaluation, the patient was found to be obtunded and hypoxic, prompting endotracheal intubation. Pertinent history was significant for breast cancer managed with trastuzumab. Three months prior, the patient was diagnosed with trastuzumab induced lung disease of which he was treated with oral prednisone therapy. A CT scan of the chest was significant for bilateral ground glass opacities and a left upper lobe consolidation, the latter being new relative to a CT scan three months prior. Broad spectrum antibiotics and mechanical ventilation were initiated for a diagnosis of acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to a superimposed pneumonia. Blood cultures from admission revealed Actinomyces species, and the patient was diagnosed with Pulmonary Actinomycosis. Unfortunately, further identification of the species of Actinomyces isolated in the blood was unable to be obtained. The patient's oxygen requirements improved following antibiotic therapy and the patient was extubated after one week on mechanical ventilation. He was successfully discharged on amoxicillin with plans for a three to six month course. DISCUSSION: Actinomyces bacteremia is a rare finding that has debated clinical significance. Historically, treatment has always been warranted in the event that the patient exhibited signs of Actinomyces infection, with or without evidence of bacteremia. A 2016 retrospective analysis of patients found to have Actinomyces positive blood cultures reported 43 patients who did not receive treatment for Actinomyces bacteremia, all of which had no reported complications after discharge. Though, none of these patients exhibited evidence of an active Actinomycocis infection. Our patient developed an acute respiratory failure in the setting of known trastuzumab induced lung injury that previously did not require supplemental oxygen therapy. Blood isolates of Actinomyces species in conjunction with new pulmonary infiltrates suggested a superimposed pulmonary Actinomyces infection was the source. Because an active source of Actinomycosis infection was present, the decision to treat the patient with antibiotics was not called into question. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies on treatment indications and duration of Actinomyces bacteremia are need. REFERENCE #1: Jeffery-Smith A, Nic-Fhogartaigh C, Millar M. Is the Presence of Actinomyces spp. in Blood Culture Always Significant?. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(4):1137-1139. doi:10.1128/JCM.03074-15 REFERENCE #2: G.F. Mabeza, J. Macfarlane. Pulmonary actinomycosis. European Respiratory Journal Mar 2003, 21 (3) 545-551; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00089103 REFERENCE #3: Mani RK, Mishra V, Singh PK, Pradhan D. Pulmonary actinomycosis: a clinical surprise! BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2016218959. Published 2017 Jan 27. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-218959 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by John Madara, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Nathaniel Rosal, source=Web Response

An unusual presentation of primary actinomycosis infection in hard palate of a 15-year-old girl: A case report

Actinomycosis is an uncommon infection caused by filamentous Actinomyces, which forms club-shaped filaments arranged in a radiating pattern and rarely infects palate. The clinical presentations are often non-specific, so it posed a challenging situation for clinicians to get diagnosis of actinomycosis. The histopathological study is often helpful for the diagnosis of actinomycosis. The patient needs clinical follow-up for complete healing of the lesion. This case report describes a case of palatal cyst, which was diagnosed as actinomycosis on the basis of histopathological examination. Surgical excision of the cyst with debridement of the granulation tissue is mandatory for such cystic presentation of actinomycosis. This case was undergoing complete excision, followed by amoxycillin and clavulanic administration for 3 months. The bony defect was reconstructed using mucoperiosteal flap of the palate.

A rare case of actinomycotic osteomyelitis of calcaneum: Presented with subtalar arthritis

We are reporting an unusual case of actinomycosis infection which presented with subtalar arthritis. Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. Actinomycosis is very rare and of the cases reported Cervicofacial infection is the most frequent clinical presentation. Hematogenous osteomyelitis at distant sites can occur in the rare instance in immunocompromised or pediatric patients, only a few cases have been reported in healthy patients. Case Report: A 39years, female patient presented with pain, swelling around the right ankle for 4 years with healed sinuses over the lateral aspect. She was treated for the discharging sinuses of right ankle and foot 5 years back with antibiotics and surgery elsewhere. She had a history of taking treatment (ATT for 6months) for pulmonary TB, 10years back. X-rays and Magnetic resonance imaging showed a distorted subtalar joint with multifocal intraosseous lesions in the calcaneum. Curettage and subtalar arthrodesis with Cannulated cancellous screws was done and supported with short-term immobilization. The tissue culture, fungus culture, acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture, AFB smear, and tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction test results of intraop samples were negative. A pathologic examination confirmed the presence of actinomycosis. The patient was treated with intravenous penicillin for 2 weeks followed by Oral Doxycycline for 6 weeks, given no evidence of active infection intraoperatively. After 1year follow-up, the patient had no signs of recurring infection or complications and she is ambulant pain-free.Conclusion: Actinomycosis of the foot, though rare, can mimic tuberculosis in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. In patients with recurrent discharging sinuses, a high index of suspicion is warranted to early diagnose it.

Microstructural analysis of bony alterations in a historic case of actinomycosis

ObjectiveActinomycosis infection of bone is rare and its diagnosis challenging. Here, we aim to identify and verify its microstructural features and the potential value for differential diagnosis. MaterialsWe investigated the dry preparation of the lumbar vertebrae and pelvic ring of a purported case of actinomycosis documented by a post-mortem examination in 1891. MethodsMacroscopic inspection, conventional radiology, μCT, 3D reconstruction, and histological examination were employed. ResultsAll approaches revealed new periosteal bone deposition with increased vascularisation of the os coxa, vertebrae, and sacrum. The μCT revealed cortical loss underneath the new bone formation; the 3D reconstruction and histological examination revealed plexiform bone and granular structures. ConclusionsThe plexiform bone is the result of reactive rapid growth and remodelling processes, and is consistent with pathomorphological findings summarised in the autopsy report (soft tissue abscesses and formation of fistulas caused by “Actinomycosis intestine et ossis ilei sin.”). SignificanceThis is the first case of a historically documented case of actinomycosis infection investigated by μCT and histology. Different degrees of tissue damage and inflammatory reaction in form of plexiform bone, which has not been reported previously, was identified. LimitationsThe noted bone tissue modifications are not solely pathognomic of actinomycosis; they characterise other diseases, as well. Histological evaluation is not appropriate for identifying the aetiology of the granular structures observed here; but clinically such aggregations appear in tissue affected by actinomycosis. Suggestions for further researchHistochemical and molecular-genetic analyses are obligatory to affirm the diagnosis based on micromorphological features.

GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS IS NOT ALWAYS TUBERCULAR: ROLE OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY IN EVALUATION OF GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:
 Granulomatous mastitis is rare chronic inflammatory benign breast lesion, which clinically and radiologically resembles carcinoma breast thus creating a diagnostic dilemma. The term granulomatous mastitis includes two broad categories namely specific granulomatous mastitis for which aetiological factors can be defined such as infectious causes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis and filarial infection. Other factors include association with autoimmunue diseases such as Wegner’s granulomatosis and giant cell arteritis and there are other rare causes such as include duct ectasia, foreign body reaction and fat necrosis which also leads to granulomatous lesions of breast.
 Cytological features of granulomatous mastitis(GM) have not been widely discussed and described in literature, so through this study we have made an attempt to thoroughly discuss cytological spectrum of granulomatous mastitis.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS:
 A retrospective study was performed over a period of four years from 2016 to 2019. A total of 465 cases of breast lump reported to cytopathology section out of which 24 cases of GM diagnosed on FNAC were included in our study. Results of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Mantoux test along with TB-PCR were recorded. FNAC slides were retrieved pertaining to study period.
 Granulomatous lesions of breast were further categorized broadly into IGM/ NGM, granulomatous mastitis without caseous necrosis and tubercular mastitis where diagnosis were made definite on basis of demonstration of AFB or positive TB-PCR .
 RESULTS:
 Patient age ranged from 23 years to 55 years with the mean age of 36.6 years with maximum of patients falling in second decade followed by third decade. Granulomatous lesions were broadly categorized into Idiopathic/ Non specific granulomatous mastitis(11 cases,45.8%), GM with caseous necrosis(8 cases, 33.3%) and tubercular mastitis(5 cases, 20.9%). Histopathology was available in 7 cases(29.2%). TB-PCR was sent in all cases of granulomatous mastitis diagnosed on cytology and was positive in 10 cases(41.7%).
 CONCLUSION:
 Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and tubercular mastitis are rare inflammatory diseases of breast which mimic malignancy clinically and radiologically. FNAC plays important role in diagnosis of granulomatous diseases of breast and also their differentiation from malignant tumors. Tubercular mastitis needs to be differentiated from IGM since treatment options are different in both the cases. Cytopathology plays an important role in differentiationg both the diseases supplemented by radiological and microbiological investigations.
 The present study thus highlights the importance of FNAC as an infalliable tool in diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis and its differentiation from neoplastic lesions of breast thus avoiding time consuming histopathological work up of cases.

NASOPALATINE DUCT CYST WITH SECONDARY INFECTION AND SULFUR LITHIASIS

The present study aims to report an interesting case of secondary actinomycosis infection of a nasopalatine duct cyst, with a radiopaque surfur granule and calculus formation. The patient, a 30-year-old female with light-brown color skin, was referred to the oral medicine service with spontaneous pain in the region of upper central incisors. During anamnesis, an endodontic treatment in tooth 21 was found. Periapical radiographic examination revealed a radiolucent, unilocular, well-defined, heart-shaped lesion in the midline. Scanning tomographic examination revealed a radiodense round substance surrounded by a radiolucent halo. A hypothesis of nasopalatine duct cyst with a foreign body was raised. Excisional biopsy of the lesion was performed revealing the presence of a brownish, granular, calcified material within the cystic lumen. Histopathologic examination elucidated the diagnosis with histochemical characterization of the actinomycosis infection. Postoperative follow-up of 12 months was uneventful. The microscopic characterization of sulfur lithiasis is discussed.

DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES OF ORAL LESIONS IN A PATIENT AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Oncohematologic patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at risk of developing opportunistic oral infections and malignant neoplasms. The objective of this report is to describe 3 diagnostic challenges of oral lesions that affected the same posttransplant patient: an atypical herpes simplex virus lesion in ventral tongue, a gingival actinomycosis infection, and later a leukemic infiltration on the soft palate. A 57-year-old female patient first complained of a progressive and painful sublingual nodule for 3 days at D+35 of HSCT by extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, and final diagnoses were atypical herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 infection. Two months later, ulcerated lesions in the vestibular and palatal gingival margin of the left upper molars were noted, with final diagnosis of Actinomyces sp infection. Fifteen days later, an erythematous lesion with necrotic center was observed in the soft palate, and the diagnosis was palatal infiltration by extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

A CASE OF BRAIN ABSCESS CAUSED BY ACTINOMYCES MIMICKING GLIOMA: A RARE PRESENTATION

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic and slowly progressive granulomatous disease, caused by filamentous Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria from Actinomycetaceae family (genus Actinomyces) belonging to endogenous flora of mucous membranes. Actinomycosis infection to the Central Nervous System is generally secondary to hematogenous dissemination from the primary infection in the lung, abdomen, pelvis or by continuity in a cervical, oral or facial infection, since it is closely related to mycobacteria in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Actinomyces abscess of the brain can at times be confused with space-occupying lesions (SOL), tuberculosis as was seen in this case. A biopsy is essential for the diagnosis as if treated early these patients have a good prognosis. We present a case of 28 years male presented with frontal SOL which came out as actinomycosis on biopsy.

Disseminated actinomycosis causing incomplete paralysis

In May 2018, a 55-year-old man without underlying disease presented to emergency department with a 2-month history of aggravated cough, chest pain, fever and decreased muscle strength of limbs. The...

Therapeutic Management of Actinomycosis Infection in Cross Bred Dairy Cattle in Field Condition

Therapeutic Management of Actinomycosis Infection in Cross Bred Dairy Cattle in Field Condition