Acta Radiologica Research Articles

A CASE OF PULMONARY TUMOR THROMBOEMBOLIC MICROANGIOPATHY FROM PROSTATE CARCINOMA

A CASE OF PULMONARY TUMOR THROMBOEMBOLIC MICROANGIOPATHY FROM PROSTATE CARCINOMA

Comprehensive Study for Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning and Traditional Machine Learning

Comprehensive Study for Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning and Traditional Machine Learning

Effectiveness and Tolerance of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Treatment of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer

This study aims to assess effectiveness and tolerance with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer in the period of 2018-2020. The study used the descriptive cross-sectional method to investigate 70 patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer, assigned to ECX/ECF or FLOT neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. The results show that the partial response rates in the ECX/ECF and FLOT groups were 69.70% and 89.20%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the response level between the two groups (p = 0.716). 78.79% in the ECX/ECF group and 88.56% in the FLOT group underwent surgery. Neutropenia was an adverse event with the highest rate of grades 3 and 4 in both regimens (FLOT regimen was 10.81%, ECX/ECF regimen was 24.24%). There is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of events between the groups with prophylaxis and non-prophylaxis by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Taken together, there was no significant difference in the response level between the two groups; regarding the event of neutropenia, it could be controlled by prophylaxis in terms of benefits and risks for each patient.
 Keywords:
 Gastric cancer, effectiveness, safety, neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
 References
 [1] International Agency for Research on Cancer Global Cancer Observatory, 2020.[2] Ministry of Health, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stomach Cancer, 2020 (in Vietnamese).[3] K. Liu, G. Li, C. Fan, C. Zhou, J. Li, Adapted Choi response Criteria for Prediction of Clinical Outcome in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Following Preoperative Chemotherapy, Acta Radiologica, Vol. 53, No. 2, 2012, pp.127-34, https:// doi.org/10.1258/ar.2011.110273.[4] D. Cunningham, W. H. Allum, S. P. Stenning,J. N. Thompson, C. J. H. V. Velde, M. Nicolson,J. H. Scarffe, F. J. Lofts, S. J. Falk, T. J. Iveson,D. B. Smith, R. E. Langley, M. Verma, S. Weeden,Y. J. Chua, MAGIC Trial Participants. Perioperative Chemotherapy Versus Surgery Alone for Resectable Gastroesophageal Cancer, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 355, No.1, 2006, pp. 11-20, https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMoa055531.[5] S. E. A. Batran, N. Homann, C. Pauligk,T. O. Goetze, J. Meiler, S. Kasper, H. G. Koppet, et al., FLOT4-AIO Investigators, Perioperative Chemotherapy with Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Docetaxel Versus Fluorouracil or Capecitabine Plus Cisplatin and Epirubicin for Locally Advanced, Resectable Gastric or Gastro-Oesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (FLOT4): A Randomised, Phase 2/3 Trial, Lancet, Vol. 393, No. 10184, 2019, pp. 1948-1957, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32557-1.[6] L. Sung, P. C. Nathan, S. M. Alibhai, G. A. Tomlinson, J. Beyene, Meta-analysis: Effect of Prophylactic Hematopoietic Colony-Stimulating Factors on Mortality and Outcomes of Infection, Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol. 147, No. 6, 2007, pp. 400-411, https://doi.org/10.7326/0003 - 4819 - 147 - 6-200709180 - 00010.

Highlights of the development in ultrasound during the last 70 years: A historical review

This review looks at highlights of the development in ultrasound, ranging from interventional ultrasound and Doppler to the newest techniques like contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography, and gives reference to some of the valuable articles in Acta Radiologica. Ultrasound equipment is now available in any size and for any purpose, ranging from handheld devices to high-end devices, and the scientific societies include ultrasound professionals of all disciplines publishing guidelines and recommendations. Interventional ultrasound is expanding the field of use of ultrasound-guided interventions into nearly all specialties of medicine, from ultrasound guidance in minimally invasive robotic procedures to simple ultrasound-guided punctures performed by general practitioners. Each medical specialty is urged to define minimum requirements for equipment, education, training, and maintenance of skills, also for medical students. The clinical application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography is a topic often seen in current research settings.

One hundred years of neuroradiology in Acta Radiologica: a Swedish perspective.

This year, Acta Radiologica marks its 100th anniversary. In this article, the authors present some of the highlights from the close collaboration between Swedish neuroradiology and Acta Radiologica over the last 100 years.

Change and consistency in Acta Radiologica over 100 years.

Acta Radiologica celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2021. In this article, the foundation of the journal and its editors are described. During 100 years, the manuscript structure changed from single-author verbose monographs to multi-author collaborations on statistically analyzed research subjects. The authorship changed from purely Nordic authors to a truly international cadre of authors, and the size of the journal increased considerably, in issues per year, printed pages, and published articles per year. The Foundation of Acta Radiologica has been able to give out two prizes, the Xenia Forsselliana and the Acta Radiologica International Scientific Prize for the best manuscripts each year. The increasing submissions of manuscripts is an indication that Acta Radiologica will continue to publish important scientific results for many years to come.

The development of musculoskeletal radiology for 100 years as presented in the pages of Acta Radiologica.

During the last 100 years, musculoskeletal radiology has developed from bone-only radiography performed by everyone to a dedicated subspecialty, still secure in its origins in radiography but having expanded into all modalities of imaging. Like other subspecialties in radiology, it has become heavily dependent on cross-sectional and functional imaging, and musculoskeletal interventions play an important role in tumor diagnosis and treatment and in joint diseases. All these developments are reflected in the pages in Acta Radiologica, as shown in this review.

The history of magnetic resonance imaging and its reflections in Acta Radiologica.

The first reports in Acta Radiologica on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were published in 1984, four years after the first commercial MR scanners became available. For the first two years, all MR papers originated from the USA. Nordic contributions started in 1986, and until 2020, authors from 44 different countries have published MR papers in Acta Radiologica. Papers on MRI have constituted, on average, 30%-40% of all published original articles in Acta Radiologica, with a high of 49% in 2019. The MR papers published since 1984 document tremendous progress in several areas such as magnet and coil design, motion compensation techniques, faster image acquisitions, new image contrast, contrast-enhanced MRI, functional MRI, and image analysis. In this historical review, all of these aspects of MRI are discussed and related to Acta Radiologica papers.

Trends in contrast media research the last 100 years

This review focuses on the trends in contrast media (CM) research published in Acta Radiologica during the last 100 years, since the first edition in 1921. The main topics covered are the developments of iodine- and gadolinium-based CM. Other topics include manganese-based CM for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and barium for the investigation of the alimentary tract. From a historic point of view, special CM for use in cholegraphy and myelography are addressed in the review. Today, these imaging procedures are obsolete due to the development of computed tomography, MRI, and ultrasound. The historical use of radioactive thorium-based CM for angiography is also addressed. Furthermore, publications on adverse reactions to CM are reviewed.

Emergence of teleradiology, PACS, and other radiology IT solutions in Acta Radiologica.

For this historical review, we searched a database containing all the articles published in Acta Radiologica during its 100-year history to find those on the use of information technology (IT) in radiology. After reading the full texts, we selected the presented articles according to major radiology IT domains such as teleradiology, picture archiving and communication systems, image processing, image analysis, and computer-aided diagnostics in order to describe the development as it appeared in the journal. Publications generally follow IT megatrends, but because the contents of Acta Radiologica are mainly clinically oriented, some technology achievements appear later than they do in journals discussing mainly imaging informatics topics.

Acta Radiologica 2003-2017: a 15-year overview.

This review article is written as a contribution to the special issue presented in conjunction with the 100th anniversary of Acta Radiologica.An overview is given of what has happened with and in the journal during the 15 years from 2003 to 2017 and a resume is provided concerning the handling and flow of manuscripts, manuscript publication, scientific prizes awarded by the journal, and finally the process leading up to establishing the new open-access journal Acta Radiologica Short Reports/Acta Radiologica Open.

Gliosarcomas: A Rare Case Report at Viet Duc University Hospital and Review of the Literature

Gliosarcoma is a rare biphasic subtype of glioblastoma with the poor prognosis, principally affects adults; males are more frequently affected, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8/1. Gliosarcomas are usually located in the cerebral hemispheres, involving the temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes in decreasing order of frequency. Rarely, gliosarcomas occur in the posterior fossa, lateral ventricles, or spinal cord. A case study: A 32-year-old woman presented with persistent nausea and headache. The preoperative diagnosis was Ependymoma in the right lateral ventricle of the brain. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor followed by external radiotherapy, and chemotherapy treatment. Histologic description: The tumor was made up of spindle cells with hyperchromic large nuclei and pink cytoplasm intermingled with large cells with markedly pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm along with prominent mitotic activity. Tumour cells revealed positive staining for Ki67 (25%), Oligo2 (focal), GFAP (focal), SMA (focal); negative immunoreactivity for EMA, CD34, Bcl-2, TTF1. Pathological diagnosis: Gliosarcoma, grade IV. Conclusions: Gliosarcoma is an extremely rare neoplasm with an aggressive biological behavior. In terms of histopathology, gliosarcomas are characterized by a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation. 
 Keywords
 Gliosarcoma, glioblastoma multiforme, brain neoplasm.
 References
 [1] World Healh Organization, WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France, 2016. [2] F. A. Hashmi, A. Salim, M. Shamim, M. Bari, Biological Characteristics and Outcomes of Gliosarcoma, The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol. 68, No. 8, 2018, pp. 1273-1275. [3] P. Giglio, M. R. Gilbert, Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition), MA: Academic Press/Elsevier, Waltham, 2014. [4] R. K. Kevin, M. Anand, S. M. John, Adult Gliosarcoma: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Factors Associated with Outcome, Neuro Oncol, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2009, pp. 183-191, https://doi.org/10.1215/15228517-2008-076. [5] L. Han, X. Zhang, S. Qiu et al., Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Cerebral Gliosarcoma: A Report of 15 Cases, Acta Radiologica, Vol. 49, No.9, 2008, pp. 1058-1067, doi:10.1080/02841850802314796. [6] D. N. Louis, H. Ohgaki, O. D. Wiestler et al., The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, Acta Neuropathologica, Vol. 114, No. 2, 2007, pp. 97-109, doi:10.1007/s00401-007-0278-6. [7] L. Seth, P. Arie, I. James et al., Greenfield’s Neuropathology (Ninth Edition), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2015. [8] L. Cervoni, P. Celli, Cerebral Gliosarcoma: Prognostic Factors, Neurosurgical Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, 1996, pp. 93-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00418077. [9] J. Pardo, M. Murcia, G. Felip et al., Gliosarcoma: A Rare Primary CNS Tumor. Presentation of Two Cases, Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2010, pp. 98-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2010.05.003. [10] J. Lutterbach, R. Guttenberger, A. Pagenstecher, Gliosarcoma: A Clinical Study, Radiotherapy andOncology, Vol. 61, No. 1, 2001, pp. 57-64,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(01)00415-7. [11] B. K. Kleinschmidt, T. Tihan, F. Rodriguez, Diagnostic Pathology: Neuropathology (Second Edition), Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2016. [12] H. F. Irwin, W. G. Sidney, Sarcoma Arising in Glioblastoma of the Brain, Am J Pathol, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1955, pp. 633-653. [13] A. S. Awadalla, A. M. A. Essa, H. H. A. Ahmadi et al., Gliosarcoma Case Report and Review of the Literature, The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol. 35, No. 26, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3109/02841869709001353.
 
 
 

P2.05-013 The Result of Preoperative Lipiodol Markings for 121 Small Pulmonary Nodules in 115 Patients

Some pulmonary nodules are so small that we surgeons can’t perceive by touch nor visually recognize during operation. For resection of such small nodules we have been undergoing preoperative lipiodol markings for 7 years. The appearance of the marking-spots on computed tomography (CT) is classified into 3 types in a previous research [H Miura, et al: CT findings after lipiodol marking performed before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small pulmonary nodules. Acta Radiologica, 2016, Vol. 57(3) 303-310] .

A new qualitative pattern classification of shear wave elastograghy for solid breast mass evaluation

ObjectivesTo examine the efficacy of qualitative shear wave elastography (SWE) in the classification and evaluation of solid breast masses, and to compare this method with conventional ultrasonograghy (US), quantitative SWE parameters and qualitative SWE classification proposed before. MethodsFrom April 2015 to March 2016, 314 consecutive females with 325 breast masses who decided to undergo core needle biopsy and/or surgical biopsy were enrolled. Conventional US and SWE were previously performed in all enrolled subjects. Each mass was classified by two different qualitative classifications. One was established in our study, herein named the Qual1. Qual1 could classify the SWE images into five color patterns by the visual evaluations: Color pattern 1 (homogeneous pattern); Color pattern 2 (comparative homogeneous pattern); Color pattern 3 (irregularly heterogeneous pattern); Color pattern 4 (intralesional echo pattern); and Color pattern 5 (the stiff rim sign pattern). The second qualitative classification was named Qual2 here, and included a four-color overlay pattern classification (Tozaki and Fukuma, Acta Radiologica, 2011). The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment and quantitative SWE parameters were recorded. Diagnostic performances of conventional US, SWE parameters, and combinations of US and SWE parameters were compared. ResultsWith pathological results as the gold standard, of the 325 examined breast masses, 139 (42.77%) samples were malignant and 186 (57.23%) were benign. The Qual1 showed a higher Az value than the Qual2 and quantitative SWE parameters (all P<0.05). When applying Qual1=Color pattern 1 for downgrading and Qual1=Color pattern 5 for upgrading the BI-RADS categories, we obtained the highest Az value (0.951), and achieved a significantly higher specificity (86.56%, P=0.002) than that of the US (81.18%) with the same sensitivity (94.96%). ConclusionsThe qualitative classification proposed in this study may be representative of SWE parameters and has potential to be relevant assistance in breast mass diagnoses.

'Classic Papers' in this issue of Acta Radiologica.

In this issue of Acta Radiologica we present two articles written by two pioneers from the early years. The first article was written by the Norwegian surgeon Christian Magnus Falsen Sinding-Larsen (Fig. 1). SindingLarsen was born in 1866 in Oslo (at that time named Kristiania), and obtained his MD in 1891. From 1892 he was affiliated to the Surgical Departments A and B at Rigshospitalet. His main interest was skeletal tuberculosis in especially children, and he was from 1892 candidate and thereafter consultant and Chief surgeon at ‘‘Kysthospitalet’’ at Stavern, Norway, at that time being a hospital for children with scrofulosis. In later years it became a hospital specialized in orthopedic surgery, today a rehabilitation center. In 1907 he obtained his PhD degree with his publication ‘‘Beitrag zum Studium der Huftgelenks tuberculose’’. In the following years he had several study periods at hospitals in Germany, Austria, France, and Denmark. In 1911 he was appointed managing director at Rigshospitalet in Oslo/Kristiania. Sinding-Larsen had several radiological publications even if he originally was educated as a surgeon, with more than 70 publications concerning surgical topics, but also articles as ‘‘Roentgen treatment of surgical tuberculosis’’ (1925) and ‘‘Don’t forget to obtain an X-ray image of serious back trauma’’ (1927). He was a man with many interests in topics other than surgery and radiology, and he also authored publications as ‘‘Necessary equipment in Prisons in the treatment of diseased prisoners’’ to ‘‘A letter to a fanatical total abstainer’’. On 12 February 1930 he gave a presentation at a meeting of the Norwegian Medical Society. Immediately after his presentation he had a serious heart attack, and was brought to the hospital where he died of a cardiac infarction the same evening. It was said that ‘‘he died with his boots on’’. In this issue of the ‘‘Old Classics’’ we present his article from 1921 about ‘‘An Hitherto Unknown Affection of the Patella in Children’’ (1). The second article in this month’s issue was written by the famous Danish professor Poul Flemming Moller (Fig. 2). He was born in 1885 and died in 1974. He became a medical candidate in 1911. As many radiologists at that time, he started his career first in epidemiology, and later, i.e. in 1914, he studied surgery in Germany. From 1916 he became an assistant at the radiological department at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, and later on he was appointed as radiologist and chief of the radiological department of Fredriksbergs hospital in 1920–1930. In 1930 he was appointed Chief of Rigshospitalet’s radiological clinic and docent at the University of Copenhagen at the same time. From 1936 he became full Professor. As the author of the other article in this issue of the ‘‘Old classics’’, Flemming Moller was interested in tuberculosis, and in 1924 when he defended his thesis dealing with Calve-Legg Perthes disease, he could show

"Classic papers" in this online issue of Acta Radiologica.

"Classic papers" in this online issue of Acta Radiologica.

'Classic Papers' in this issue of Acta Radiologica.

In this issue of Acta Radiologica we present two articles written by two pioneers from the early years. The first article was written by the Norwegian surgeon Christian Magnus Falsen Sinding-Larsen (Fig. 1). SindingLarsen was born in 1866 in Oslo (at that time named Kristiania), and obtained his MD in 1891. From 1892 he was affiliated to the Surgical Departments A and B at Rigshospitalet. His main interest was skeletal tuberculosis in especially children, and he was from 1892 candidate and thereafter consultant and Chief surgeon at ‘‘Kysthospitalet’’ at Stavern, Norway, at that time being a hospital for children with scrofulosis. In later years it became a hospital specialized in orthopedic surgery, today a rehabilitation center. In 1907 he obtained his PhD degree with his publication ‘‘Beitrag zum Studium der Huftgelenks tuberculose’’. In the following years he had several study periods at hospitals in Germany, Austria, France, and Denmark. In 1911 he was appointed managing director at Rigshospitalet in Oslo/Kristiania. Sinding-Larsen had several radiological publications even if he originally was educated as a surgeon, with more than 70 publications concerning surgical topics, but also articles as ‘‘Roentgen treatment of surgical tuberculosis’’ (1925) and ‘‘Don’t forget to obtain an X-ray image of serious back trauma’’ (1927). He was a man with many interests in topics other than surgery and radiology, and he also authored publications as ‘‘Necessary equipment in Prisons in the treatment of diseased prisoners’’ to ‘‘A letter to a fanatical total abstainer’’. On 12 February 1930 he gave a presentation at a meeting of the Norwegian Medical Society. Immediately after his presentation he had a serious heart attack, and was brought to the hospital where he died of a cardiac infarction the same evening. It was said that ‘‘he died with his boots on’’. In this issue of the ‘‘Old Classics’’ we present his article from 1921 about ‘‘An Hitherto Unknown Affection of the Patella in Children’’ (1). The second article in this month’s issue was written by the famous Danish professor Poul Flemming Moller (Fig. 2). He was born in 1885 and died in 1974. He became a medical candidate in 1911. As many radiologists at that time, he started his career first in epidemiology, and later, i.e. in 1914, he studied surgery in Germany. From 1916 he became an assistant at the radiological department at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, and later on he was appointed as radiologist and chief of the radiological department of Fredriksbergs hospital in 1920–1930. In 1930 he was appointed Chief of Rigshospitalet’s radiological clinic and docent at the University of Copenhagen at the same time. From 1936 he became full Professor. As the author of the other article in this issue of the ‘‘Old classics’’, Flemming Moller was interested in tuberculosis, and in 1924 when he defended his thesis dealing with Calve-Legg Perthes disease, he could show

'Classic papers' in this issue of Acta Radiologica.

'Classic papers' in this issue of Acta Radiologica.

'Classic papers' from the Acta Radiologica archives.

Computer technology has revolutionized radiology with new modalities such as: computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. The majority of today’s radiologists cannot even imagine how life in a radiological department could be prior to these modalities being introduced. Computed tomography was the first digital modality, with a prototype of a head scanner produced in 1971, followed by clinical production from 1973, and with the first body scanner on the market in 1974. The first head scanner was produced by the English company EMI, most probably based on money they had earned by selling music made by the Beatles. I would guess that no active radiologist today has worked in a department without using one of the digital modalities. In an editorial in this issue of Acta Radiologica (1), Jonn Terje Geitung presents his view on ‘‘Modern radiology and the use of resources. Too much technology (?)’’ and answers the question with a straightforward ‘‘Not at all’’. However, how was life in a radiological department in the first years of radiology; which examinations were performed, how were they performed, and what could be diagnosed? One old statement says that you cannot predict the future without knowing the past. From this issue of Acta Radiologica and in every issue this year, we will present two historical articles from the earliest year, starting with 1921. These articles will illustrate what could be done at that time, how they used X-rays, and what was possible to diagnose? The first issue of Acta Radiologica was published back in January 1921, and this series will therefore start with the presentation of two of the first articles presented to the radiological community. Professor Gosta Forssell from Stockholm founded Acta Radiologica in 1921 and became the first Chief Editor. It is therefore natural to start with his first publication in Acta Radiologica, the Editorial presenting the new journal. English was the official language from the beginning, but both German and French were official languages as well as English. In the beginning Acta Radiologica published articles in these three languages. We will also in every issue of the journal present a minor notice with actual information on articles and authors. The Editorial Board hope and believe that this series will present new knowledge to all of our readers, and increase the reputation of the pioneers of radiology in the early years taking into account what diagnostic possibilities they had compared to modern technology of today. The first of the two articles to be presented in this issue is the editorial written by Professor Forssell (2). Gosta Forsell was born in 1876 and died in 1950. He began as a student in Stockholm in 1895, and soon became assistant to the radiologist Thor Stenbech. Forssell performed in 1899 the first successful treatment of a cutaneous carcinoma by using radiation therapy. Forssell was educated as a MD in 1906 and received the PhD of that time in 1913. In 1916 he became Professor of Radiology at the Radiological Department of the Karolinska Institute. He founded the Swedish Society of Medical Radiology in 1918, The Nordic Society of Medical Radiology in 1919, and Acta Radiologica in 1921. He was Chief Editor until his death in 1950. A sum of money was given on his 65th birthday, and this sum of money has today materialized in the prize ‘‘Xenia Forsselliana’’ given to the first author of the best article from a Nordic institution presented in Acta Radiologica each year. As the second article in the first issue of 2016, we have chosen an article from Sabbatsbergs Hospital in Stockholm, written by the head of the radiological department, Dr M Simon (3). It is indeed interesting to read Dr Simon’s article of a 62-year-old man with

Acta Radiologica Short Reports to be renamed Acta Radiologica Open.

In 2006 Acta Radiologica performed a reader survey to evaluate what the readers of the journal read and what they preferred to read in a scientific journal (1). Ninety-five percent of the responders answered that review articles were the most important type of articles in a journal, followed by original articles. Surprisingly enough, 63% of the responders answered that case reports were important for radiologists, as radiology to a large degree depends upon recognition of what you see in an image. Knowledge of the imaging signs of rare diseases and uncommon signs of common diseases was recognized as very valuable. Sixty-four percent valued short reports and communications in the same way. It is, however, well-known that most scientific journals today no longer accept case reports, partly because the number of submissions of original articles now is so high that editors do not give priority to case reports. Another fact, not often mentioned, is that case reports are said to ruin the impact factor of a journal as such articles are much less cited compared to original articles. For the same reason Acta Radiologica has, for the last couple of years, rejected case reports. This was the reason for the founding of the new journal Acta Radiologica Short Reports in 2011. The need for such a journal, mainly devoted to case reports and short reports, has obviously been present as the number of submitted manuscripts has increased by 20% each year since its launch in early 2012. It was decided that Acta Radiologica Short Reports would be an open-access, online-only journal, in order to publish accepted articles within a very short time frame. However, what we see now is that it is not only case reports that are submitted; there have been an increased number of submissions of other types of articles as original research, original articles, review articles, and pictorial essays even though case reports are still the main type of articles. The editorial board has therefore found that the name Short Reports can be somewhat misleading as other submissions mentioned above are seen more and more. As a result, we have now decided to change the name of the journal to Acta Radiologica Open to underline that all types of manuscripts are welcome and that all accepted articles will be published within a very short time frame and receive an official indexing in PubMed/ISI. As the journal is an open-access journal a broader audience can be reached as a subscription is no longer necessary. Acta Radiologica Open has exactly the same editorial board as the main journal Acta Radiologica, and all manuscripts will undergo a peer review in the same way. We welcome you as an author and a reader of Acta Radiologica Open.