Act Of Vandalism Research Articles

A Promising Amalgamation

First-year law students often struggle with the transition from writing as an undergraduate to writing as a lawyer. Incorporating poetry into the first-year legal writing curriculum may assist students in making that transition. The close, active reading poetry requires is a strong scaffold to the critical reading lawyers must undertake. In addition, poetry aptly models how language can create an emotional impact, which is akin to how effective lawyers use language to tell a compelling story on their client's behalf. This Assignment has students read and analyze Gwendolyn Brooks's poem “Boy Breaking Glass,” and then imagine the protagonist of the poem was being criminally prosecuted for his act of vandalism and write the story of the case from both the defense side and the prosecution side. The Assignment enables students to appreciate how a text (or a set of facts giving rise to a legal dispute) can give rise to varied interpretations, and how language and storytelling techniques can be used persuasively.

The Legacy of Sycamore Gap: The Potential of Photogrammetric AI for Reverse Engineering Lost Heritage with Crowdsourced Data

Abstract. The orientation of crowdsourced and multi-temporal image datasets presents a challenging task for traditional photogrammetry. Indeed, traditional image matching approaches often struggle to find accurate and reliable tie points in images that appear significantly different from one another. In this paper, in order to preserve the memory of the Sycamore Gap tree, a symbol of Hadrian's Wall that was felled in an act of vandalism in September 2023, deep-learning-based features trained specifically on challenging image datasets were employed to overcome limitations of traditional matching approaches. We demonstrate how unordered crowdsourced images and UAV videos can be oriented and used for 3D reconstruction purposes, together with a recently acquired terrestrial laser scanner point cloud for scaling and referencing. This allows the memory of the Sycamore Gap tree to live on and exhibits the potential of photogrammetric AI (Artificial Intelligence) for reverse engineering lost heritage.

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ "КУЛЬТУРНИЙ ГЕНОЦИД"

Background. In the context of increasing the amount and range of cultural genocide crimes and the absence of a legitimate international policy for its prevention and punishment, require of its research, as well as the rethinking of the concept of "genocide" in general, is being actualized. Accordingly, the purpose of the research is to analyze current approaches to "cultural genocide" conceptualization based on the primary socio-cultural concept of "genocide." Methods. The research employs theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization, along with structural-logical and contextual methods. Results. The main reasons for the world community's attention to the study of the "cultural genocide" phenomenon are analyzed. The vectors of contemporary research into practices of cultural genocide are considered. It is clarified that the basis of such recent studies of genocidal practices has already been outlined in Raphael Lemkin's theory. The development of his theory is examined, from the proposal of the "act of barbarism" and "act of vandalism" terms to the introduction of the novel concept of "genocide." The characteristic features of genocide as a campaign aimed at the destruction of a national group are considered, as well as its key phases: the destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group and the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor. According to Raphael Lemkin's theory, the techniques of genocide are identified, among which particular attention is paid to the cultural ones. The newest approaches to expanding the meaning of the "genocide" concept considering contemporary cultural practices of genocide (biological, physical, and cultural components) and the introduction of a new legal term "cultural genocide" are analyzed. Conclusions. The definition of "genocide" by international legal documents, particularly the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, does not represent all the components and manifestations of genocide defined by Raphael Lemkin's original socio-cultural concept. Since this inconsistency creates new cultural and legal collisions within the international space, relevant options for understanding and interpreting the "genocide" and "cultural genocide" concepts need to be found.

The curious case of Central Park's dinosaurs: The destruction of Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins' Paleozoic Museum revisited

In May 1871, models and skeleton casts of dinosaurs and other ancient vertebrates destined for a new Paleozoic Museum in Central Park, New York were smashed and destroyed. This greatest act of vandalism in the history of dinosaur study and museum development was attributed to the infamous William ‘Boss’ Tweed, leader of a notorious group of rogue politicians who at the time held the reins of power in the booming city. Our research on primary sources shows that Tweed was not involved, and the real villain was Henry Hilton, a powerful lawyer and businessman. Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins had been employed to do the work and yet he was dismissed and not compensated, creating a scandal. Contrary to the generally accepted narrative of these events, we find no religious motive for the destruction, only potential conflict with the developing American Museum of Natural History. Further, based on well-reported evidence, we find that Hilton exhibited an eccentric and destructive approach to cultural artefacts, and a remarkable ability to destroy everything he touched, including the huge fortune of the department store tycoon Alexander Stewart. Evidently the destruction of Hawkins' New York City dinosaurs was one of many such crazy actions through his life; Hilton was not only bad, but also mad.

Pendayagunaan Kawasan Bantaran Rel Kereta Api dan Jembatan Layang Untuk Sarana Publik Kota Medan

This research was conducted in the underpass of the flyover in the Ampera Medan road corridor. The purpose and objective is to provide scientific concepts related to the spatial arrangement under flyovers that are not currently well managed and tend to cause acts of vandalism in the space. The construction of flying cross-construction in several plot areas is generally a new open open space linearly. underneath. Thus the space under the flyover which was initially unproductive will become a point of interest for the surrounding environment. Furthermore, a well-organized space and area will certainly generate economic growth through the support of a well-planned and correct management system. Based on a spatial analysis that is adapted to the function of public space, good planning and management is needed to support and maintain the continuity of activities through creativity and interesting information for the public in public spaces under the Ampera Medan railway flyover. The arrangement of open areas located in flyover and railway areas often creates contradictions and social problems that are quite crucial, especially related to state-owned land ownership. The open space under the Ampera Medan road overpass is currently a lost area (unproductive land) and an act of vandalism that contains immoral messages. The arrangement of open spaces located on the railway underpass as a public space will provide a positive image for the area and become an attractive place for the city of Medan with the availability of jogging tracks as a sports venue, performance arena and social interaction space for the community

Review of the Situation of Tunisian Lagoon of Bizerta Using Marine Spatial Planning as a Key to Sustainable Blue Growth

Bizerta lagoon is an important socio-economic pole in northern Tunisia. Its shores and maritime space host lots of human activities, such as coastal fishing, shellfish farming, maritime traffic, military activity, recreational fishing and nautical sports. These activities cause severe pollution and they result in many anthropogenic disturbances. Naturally, conflicts of interest between the different operators have always existed. However, recently these disagreements, particularly between coastal fishermen and shellfish farmers have degenerated into an act of vandalism in November 2019. Fishermen destroyed all the bivalve farms facilities and productions. This act is the result of the build-up of several factors, notably the spatial interaction between the two activities and the improper practices of the shellfish farmers, which are according to fishermen "the major source of the lagoon pollution". Despite the fact that the Tunisian government has made considerable efforts to solve this issue, mitigate this conflict, and restore shellfish farming activity in the lagoon, this event has had major socio-economical, geo-political, environmental, and technological impacts. Within this framework, the current paper aims to suggest a management plan that should improve the lagoon status and attain the desired sustainable development of all activities. Turning to Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), we propose an Allocated Zone for Aquaculture (AZA), effective governance of the lagoon and fostering of Sustainable Blue Growth (SBG). These proposals are in line with the Tunisian strategies in terms of aquaculture sustainable development, establishment of MSP along the entire Tunisian coastline and the promotion of blue economy. They also meet several sustainable blue development objectives of the United Nations.

Who You Gonna Call?

A "Letter from Woodstock" editorial column about a recent act of vandalism to a monument at Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park, what the incident says about the current state of American politics, and how the damage to the monument was repaired by a team of National Park Service specialists.

Editorial

Editorial

The Destruction of the Serapeum in 391

This article reconsiders the destruction of the Serapeum in Alexandria by Christian militants in 391 within the context of Christianization in the late fourth century. The attack on the Serapeum was a deliberately staged, high-profile act of religious violence designed to demonstrate to the wider imperial community that the Roman state was no longer interested in protecting targeted cult sites from Christian militants, and that the perpetrators of such violence would suffer no negative consequences for their actions. The Serapeum, dedicated to the worship of the gods Serapis and Isis, was traditionally associated with the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and with the pharaonic and later Roman Imperial cult. The destruction of this religious and cultural complex by a Christian mob, acting under the direction of the local bishop Theophilus, was a deliberate act of vandalism intended to demonstrate the greater power of the Christian God over his spiritual competitors. In addition, the destruction of this famous sanctuary was undertaken with the approval of the reigning emperor, signaling a change in the locus of sacral authority in the Roman world as Roman emperors were now abandoning traditional pharaonic and Hellenistic models of divine kingship by ceding spiritual authority to Christian bishops.

Cross This Out: A Pedagogy of Disruption and Healing

Critical courage and love require that we consider our own humanity's need for not only justice but also healing. Often, radical educators relentlessly focus on working towards social justice to the point where they neglect their own self-preservation, which includes processes and practices of healing. This article discusses how a pedagogy of disruption and healing were applied towards confronting a racist act of vandalism at a California public university. In discussing the values-centered, socio-historically grounded, and higher purpose-driven responses to the racist act, the author illuminates the four principles that grounded the disruptive and healing-centered actions. In making transparent the principles that informed the designed response, others can be able to make adaptations necessary for their own contexts. To assist with invoking one’s radical agency the author also reveals how other educators across the country have implemented these principles within their own contexts towards manifesting their own visions of a more healthy, just, and meaningful life that is rooted in an analysis of the conditions that inhibit that well-being in the first place.

Law Enforcement for Prevention and Control of Vandalism Acts in Yogyakarta City

Law enforcement is always became an option to prevent and control act of vandalism. This various forms of vandalism are causing destruction and suppression toward various facilities owned by both public and individuals. This vandalism acts includes environmental negligence that harms society. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The research method is using normative juridical. The results of the study indicate that various law enforcement efforts have been carried out by the Yogyakarta local government to control vandalism as a violation of the criminal law as misdemeanor. The efforts to prevent and control vandalism in Yogyakarta are carried out through various methods especially through educational campaigns, involvement, organizational climate and restricted access.

Tindakan vandalisme di Perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Padjadjaran

The library is prone to vandalism towards library collections. The Faculty of Communication Sciences library as a university library often experiences vandalism, ranging from labeling, tearing up, page folding, delay in returning books, and loss of books. This study aimed to determine the cognitive aspects of the sub-variables of knowledge and understanding of users on the act of vandalism in the Library of the Faculty of Communication Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The research method used descriptive survey method through a quantitative approach. This study included 121 respondents consisting of students of Faculty of Communication Sciences, class of 2015 who were selected using simple random sampling technique with distribution of respondent composition: Public Relations 10 respondents, Communication Sciences 47 respondents, Information and Library Science 22 respondents, Journalism 16 respondents, Communication Management 18 respondents, and TV and Film 8 respondents. Study results showed that the cognitive aspects of the users in the act of vandalism were in the category of high and favorable, the users had knowledge and understanding which supported according to the statement about the attitude proposed against acts of vandalism. Based on knowledge indicators, data obtained showed respondents did not agree with vandalism act, while based on the indicators of understanding, data obtained showed respondents agree that vandalism could harm the library users. Overall, the attitude of users is in the favorable category meaning that library users support disagreement on vandalism in the Library of the Faculty of Communication Sciences, Padjadjaran University.

Forms of Vandalism and Their Relation as a Trigger Motives for Misdemeanor in Yogyakarta City

The purpose of this research is aimed to find any forms of vandalism that could became a trigger motives for misdemeanor or lightweight crimes which will be based on the extensive practices and theories surrounding it especially in Yogyakarta City. This study also used a descriptive case study method. The research population included the apparatus of the Yogyakarta City Civil Service Police Unit, as a law enforcer in handling misdemeanor acts such as vandalism. Based on the research results it was founded that there were two forms of vandalism that usually carried out by the perpetrators in Yogyakarta. The first is in form of scribble while the second one is by some attachment or installation of posters / banners / leaflets / stickers without legal permission. Both forms made an unsettling impact while damaging the environmental aesthetics beauty, cleanliness and comfort of City as one of the most important cultural center in Indonesia. The acts of vandalism which took place in the Yogyakarta are targeting both public and private property. The targeted objects include cultural heritage sites and many vital public facilities such as signs and directions for traffic signs. Based on the theory of Goldstein and Stanley Cohen, the form of vandalism in the city of Yogyakarta is categorized as tactical vandalism, ideological vandalism, play vandalism, vindictive vandalism and malicious vandalism. The form of scribbled vandalism usually driven by pranks and delinquency motive. There are wide variety of motives such as to promote goods or services to spreading propaganda using posters and any form of provocative act. Another motive is the adolescent gang related action who want to show their gang identity, this could be traced back as an act of revenge, and their self-obsession due to their broken home condition or the lack of attention in their family. While the other motives are based on encouragement of artistic creations, which the process of a creative which often made an entirely different case since they belong to an art movement that sometimes misunderstood as an act of vandalism.

Forest ecological restoration using native species in the North-West of Tunisia: a brand new experience of participatory approach / Restauration écologique des forêts par l’utilisation d’espèces autochtones au nord-ouest de la Tunisie : une nouvelle expérience d’approche participative

Restoring forest landscapes is critical in the face of continued global forest loss and degradation. The study area of M’sid-Nefza in North West of Tunisia suffers a continuous degradation problem. This situation results from the combined effects of several historical, socioeconomic, silvicultural and natural factors. A program for integrated participatory approach with different stakeholders (local communities, local forest services, and scientists) to reduce land degradation and to promote forest restoration was implemented. Ten plant species of local provenances were used for this restoration project. In a 7ha plot, more than 1000 seedlings were planted. After two years, the pilot site remains intact, free of any act of vandalism, and grazing. Indicators of ecosystem functioning were measured and are improving. The involvement and motivation of the local communities for the implementation of the project, constitutes a real support for the success of the restoration experience.

Tarred by History: Materiality, Memory, and Protest

The act of defacing public monuments as a form of protest is by no means a new or a U.S.-based phenomenon. Roughly two weeks after white supremacists convened in Charlottesville, Virginia in August 2017 to protest the removal of Confederate monuments within the city, killing one counter-protester and wounding several others, however, an act of vandalism was reported in nearby Richmond, the former capital of the Confederacy, assuming an unusual form: two buckets of pine tar were poured over the base of the statue of Confederate General J. E. B. Stuart on the city's historic Monument Avenue. Analysing pine tar as a material resource to protest white supremacy, this essay argues that the use of pine tar engages with multiple, interlocking, yet at times competing, histories of race and racism across space and time. Invoking a series of historic and folkloric associations, the use of pine tar opened a space for the re-mediation of memory of the Lost Cause. Pine tar facilitated a cultural critique that materially inverted dominant narratives of Confederate heroism and valour while foregrounding narratives of black self-determination. Replete with semiotic possibility, tar, this essay suggests, offers particular opportunities in acts resisting oppressive structures and commemorative forms.

Art Vandalism and Guardianship in US Art Institutions

Art crime scholars and art world professionals constantly grapple with determining the most effective methods by which to reduce and prevent victimization by art vandals. Despite the numerous accounts of this form of criminality, there is a dearth of empirical studies focused on the security and care of art collections. Using Routine Activities Theory to guide the research, the present study explores the relationship between social and physical guardianship practices and the prevalence of art vandalism using questionnaire data collected from 111 American art museums and art galleries. The results indicate an overwhelming lack of association between the majority of the guardianship measures and vandalism victimization, a pattern consistent with the possibility that social and physical guardianship practices are not implemented until after an act of vandalism has already occurred.

“The Wrong Building, in the Wrong Place, at the Wrong Time”: Marcel Breuer and the Grand Central Tower Controversy, 1967–1969

In the late 1960s, New York's Landmarks Preservation Commission rejected a scandalous proposal submitted by Marcel Breuer and Associates to float a fifty-five-story office tower in the air rights above Grand Central Terminal. The tendency among historians has been to treat Breuer's tower as an act of vandalism, but this article argues that such an interpretation obscures the real political and economic stakes of the controversy. In fact, Breuer's design uncovered the single-minded profit orientation of development interests and the preservationists who opposed the scheme operated less on behalf of a landmark threatened with defacement than against an economy of development operating without meaningful public oversight. Contemporary accounts repress this antagonism between preservationists and a growth machinery operated by corporate capitalists; they repress exactly what the proposal made visible to its critics. And the scandal of Breuer's proposal was not in the threat it posed to the terminal but precisely in the irreconcilability, in the 1960s, of development and preservation.

Towards Prevention of Oil/Gas Pipelines Vandalism

Abstract Simulation of the detection, identification and classification of the vibration signature of oil/gas pipelines in response to acts of vandalism is presented in this paper. Real vibration signal data were acquired from a sample oil/gas steel pipe subjected to different excitation forces during a real experimental field work. The data acquired from the use of a drilling machine were used as input to an intelligent system modeled to classify the vibration data during simulation process by use of the MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox. Results from the simulation show that a relatively uniform vibration output value of 1.0 (on a scale of 0 to 1), being the desired output, was achieved. This value is ideal for the design of a system to detect and diagnose an act of vandalism on oil/gas pipelines. Installing such a system spatially on a pipeline network will forestall the incessant occurrences of intrusion on the pipes, and consequently lead to an improvement on the safety of the lives and properties of those who live in communities across which the pipelines run.

Materializing a Gesture of Resistance

Materializing a Gesture of Resistance Sharon Daniel (bio) When the human body, a nation's flag, money, or a public statue is defaced, a strange surplus of negative energy is likely to be aroused from within the defaced thing itself. It is now in a state of desecration, the closest many of us are going to get to the sacred in this modern world. —Michael Taussig, Defacement: Public Secrecy and the Labor of the Negative It is an interesting moment to reflect on the processes, strategies, and tactics through which one, as a citizen and an artist, engages in protest. Because protest always occurs in the aesthetic as well as the political register. Protest is an action or gesture—to occupy, to remove, to destroy—that must have an audience. A protest must be witnessed if it is to change the conversation, the trajectory of thought, the law, or the political context. It is a performance designed to be seen and heard. It was just five weeks ago (as I write) that protests turned violent in Charlottesville, Virginia, when white supremacists clashed with counter-demonstrators over the proposed removal of a statue of Confederate [End Page 285] general Robert E. Lee. A car driven by a member of the white supremacist group intentionally plowed into the crowd of anti-racist and anti-fascist protesters, killing thirty-two-year-old Heather Heyer and injuring at least thirty-four others. This occurred at a "Unite the Right" rally that was organized against the backdrop of controversy over the removal of Confederate monuments throughout the country. Campaigns to eliminate monuments to the Confederacy from public spaces began in response to the 2015 mass shooting of nine African Americans at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina. Traditionalists (and white supremacists) objected to "erasing history," even though the memorials targeted for removal were not built during or immediately after the Civil War. They were created during the Jim Crow era and Civil Rights Movement as a means of intimidating African Americans and celebrating racism and oppression. These monuments performed their own version of erasure—concealing the violence of slavery and white supremacy under the cloak of a revisionist history. African Americans, anti-racists, and anti-fascists wanted them gone. And when photos emerged of the alleged Emanuel AME Church shooter (an avowed white supremacist) posing with the Confederate flag, civil rights groups fought to end the practice of flying it on the grounds of their State House. Even the conservative Republican governor agreed, but only the legislature had the power to remove it. While lawmakers debated and stalled, in a powerful refusal of the Confederate legacy of racial intimidation and fear, Black civil rights activist Bree Newsome climbed the flagpole and cut down the Confederate flag. It was a carefully choreographed performance. Newsome and other activists designed the optics. They decided that a Black woman should be the one to cut down the flag and that a white man, activist James Tyson, would help her over the fence "as a sign that our alliance transcended both racial and gender divides"1—a choice both political and aesthetic. Newsome and Tyson were arrested and the flag was replaced. Weeks later, it was finally removed by vote of the South Carolina House and Senate. In his recent book, Tears We Cannot Stop: A Sermon to White America, Michael Eric Dyson states, "The only way to save our nation, and, yes to save yourselves [addressing so called white folk], is to let go of whiteness and the vision of American history it supports."2 The removal of monuments and symbols that represent a deeply ingrained, white supremacist historical imaginary is one small step toward this "letting go." But erasure is not the only aesthetic/political strategy. Last week in Central Park, a statue of Christopher Columbus was defaced—its hands stained with red paint and its pedestal scrawled with the words "Hate will not be tolerated - #somethingscoming." New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio condemned what he said was a criminal act of vandalism, but Daily Show host Trevor Noah disagreed: "… honestly, I don't know if you can even call this [End Page 286...

Conservation strategies against graffiti vandalism on Cultural Heritage stones: Protective coatings and cleaning methods

Graffiti paintings, as an act of vandalism, are one of the most severe threats to stone applied in Cultural Heritage. Their cleaning is expensive and in most of the cases, also induce stone damage, such as chemical contamination, by-products and physical changes. In the recent years, the application of anti-graffiti products has been carried out in order to preserve the valuable substrate. Despite the research lines have been focused on the evaluation of cleaning procedures and anti-graffiti products, it is necessary to lead a critical study of the recently reported results, considering the type of stone and the composition of the other key stakeholders, namely the anti-graffiti protective coatings, the paints and the cleaning agents. A brief description of the composition of the most common spray paints used by graffiti-writers in Cultural Heritage stones is also presented. The protective effectiveness of anti-graffiti coatings and the most remarkable findings on stone graffiti cleaning methods are listed and discussed. Anti-graffiti coatings may facilitate the removal of graffiti compared to untreated surfaces, however this efficacy may be compromised on more porous substrates. Moreover, in almost all of the analysed scientific papers, it was possible to remove graffiti without inducing any damage to the substrate. This review paper will allow to help conservator-restores to achieve the optimization of the graffiti cleaning procedures on stones in Cultural Heritage. Finally, some futures research lines are pointed out.