Act Of Murder Research Articles

Justice Collaborator Bagi Tersangka Bharada E Dalam Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana Brigadir J

Justice collaborators are actors who cooperate with law enforcement to uncover serious and organized cases, such as the crime of premeditated murder experienced by Brigadier J. The crime of premeditated murder is an act of murder preceded by a premeditated murder. The purpose of this study was to find out how justice collaborators are regulated in positive law in Indonesia and how to determine justice collaborators for the suspect Bharada E. This research uses normative research methods, with statutory, conceptual and perceptual approaches. The results of the discussion concluded that the regulation or legal basis for justice collaborators in positive law in Indonesia was pioneered from international agreements then ratified, namely Law No. 7 of 2006 regarding the UN Convention Against Corruption. Bharada E submitted an application to LPSK to obtain status as Justice Collaborator on the grounds that Baharada E was not the main perpetrator and was willing to provide information to law enforcement about the actual incident which was later granted by LPSK.

Prosecutorial Language, Moral Disengagement, and Sentencing Outcomes in Real Capital Murder Cases

AbstractLanguage reflecting moral disengagement has been shown to influence juries in mock juror studies; however, little to no research has examined this in actual murder cases. Prosecutors play an influential role in capital murder cases during both the guilt phase and sentencing phase of the trial. If a defendant is found guilty, jurors must then decide the appropriate sentence, which can be difficult when the penalties include death versus life without parole. Self-report and mock trial studies suggest that jurors may engage in moral disengagement methods (e.g., moral justification, dehumanizing language) that allow them to distance themselves from the decision. Capital murder trial transcripts were analyzed to investigate the influence of moral disengagement variables on sentencing (“death” versus “life without the possibility of parole”). Results indicate that arguments for future dangerousness were positively correlated with death penalty verdicts, although other types of moral disengagement language strategies were not. An additional linguistic strategy was included, which investigated language that might garner empathy for the victim. This was also positively correlated with a death penalty verdict. This analysis of capital murder trial transcripts reveals differences in influential moral displacement strategies than mock juror studies suggest.

Customary Law ``Bolit Mate Nawar Uman" As ``Living Law" in West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan.

Customary law is a legal system that has been used by the community for a long time and it has been passed down from generation to generation. Bolit Mate Nawar Uman (BMNU) is a customary law used by indigenous people in West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. Even though there has been a shift in values and norms in society, BMNU customary law is still recognized and used by local communities in resolving legal disputes. Crime always appears where there is society, one of which is murder which, in this case, is studied according to the science of law and is associated with social life. The issues raised are how BMNU customs become living law when dealing with criminal acts of murder in West Kutai Regency and how BMNU customary sanctions can provide a value of justice for local indigenous people. This study uses a sociological juridical method with primary legal materials and secondary legal materials as well as a statutory approach and a case study approach. The results of the study show that the existence of BMNU customary law applies when the crime is committed within the territory of the customary territory and the victim of the crime of murder is a descendant of the Dayak tribe, West Kutai district. The application of customary sanctions for the criminal act of murder was tried by the method of deliberation between Dayak customary institutions and indigenous people in general. Keywords: customary law, Bolit Mate Nawar Uman, living law

Assessing The Issues of Honour and Violence Against Women: A Human Rights Discourse Framework for The Detection of Violence Against Women

The term 'Honour Killing' is conventionally used to denote a specific category of extralegal killings where the act of murder is seen to have been motivated by pre-modern affiliations/sentiments of some sort. Acts of violence committed against people for marrying outside of caste/religion/ethnicity or other similar infringements where they are seen by their actions to have besmirched the honour of the family and the larger community come under the broad rubric of honour crime. Implicit in using the term are assumptions that mark it as different from other crimes. Honour is defined in terms of women assigned sexual and familial roles as dictated by traditional family ideology. Thus, adultery, premarital relationships (which may or may not include sexual relations), rape, and falling in love with an "inappropriate" person may constitute violations of family honour. 'Crimes of honour' as a form of violence against women does not imply that men also are not subjected to such crimes. In cases of forced marriage or interference with the right of choice and whom to marry, pressure from older family members over younger members will apply to men as well as to women. However, women remain the victims and survivors of 'crimes of honour' and have fewer available remedies.

The Gallows of Girmit (1886–1919)

ABSTRACT Little is known about capital punishment in Fiji in the context of indenture. This paper examines cases of condemned Indians who migrated as indentured labourers (girmitiyas). It compiles and analyses statistics and accounts pertaining to crimes of murder and the penalty of execution from 1886 to 1919. When these data are situated within a relevant social, historical, and cultural context, it becomes possible to dispel colonial myths about condemned girmitiyas. My intention is not to condone the act of murder, but to understand how this crime was triggered by interlocking social, cultural, and circumstantial factors. Indian patriarchal ideologies and stereotypes, displacement resulting from the journey across the kala pani (black water), unsatisfactory living conditions, the struggle to maintain a stable family life, exploitation by overseers and sardars, and feuds among Europeans and wealthy Indians are some root causes of homicide and ‘wife-murder’ during the years of indenture. The article concludes with glimpses of condemned Indian reactions to the sentence of death.

Failed Coup: The Assassination of Sennacherib and Esarhaddon’s Struggle for the Throne, 681–680 B.C.

Abstract Forty-three years after the publication of Simo Parpola’s article “The Murderer of Sennacherib,” the events of his assassination in 681 BC and Esarhaddon’s accession to the throne continue to provoke debate. More than a simple act of murder, the assassination of Sennacherib should be understood as an attempted coup d’ état, a strategically planned attempt to use force to bring about a change in political leadership. Combining a new examination of the many sources associated with this event with fresh theoretical perspectives derived from the study of modern coups d’état, this article refutes recent suggestions that Esarhaddon played a role in the murder of his father. It argues that Sennacherib did in fact disinherit Urad-Mullissu in favor of Esarhaddon, that Urad-Mullissu successfully recruited professional chariot units based in Nineveh to participate in his conspiracy, and that Esarhaddon was likely based in the city of Dur-Katlimmu at the time of his father’s assassination. Esarhaddon avoided assassination and prevailed in the conflict which followed by leveraging his status as the designated heir to create the perception that his candidacy for the throne was endorsed by the gods and therefore his victory was inevitable. Nevertheless, the assassination and the brief civil war that followed cast a pall over Esarhaddon’s reign, shaping his own succession arrangements as well as the atmosphere of paranoia which marked his final years.

Femicide in Turkey: A Document Analysis of News from 2011 to 2019

This study undertakes an exhaustive investigation encompassing 1,777 instances of femicide in Turkey from 2011 to 2019. These cases entail the tragic loss of women’s lives due to acts of violence perpetrated by men, as recorded within newspaper articles. Methodologically, the research employs the document analysis approach, which represents a qualitative means of generating research data. The study employs a descriptive analysis of 5,686 newspaper articles, thereby affording a comprehensive overview of the subject matter. The study’s analytical framework encompasses several key areas: (1) socio-demographic aspects, (2) murder-related factors, (3) determinants of femicide risk and protective factors, (4) factors pertaining to individuals affected by the act of murder. Based on the study findings, it was observed that one in every two women was killed when they asserted their autonomy in decisions regarding their lives. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that one-third of femicides evinced pronounced warning signs, encompassing the escalation of violent behaviors, explicit death threats, and inflicted physical harm. In the context of Turkey, it is imperative that rigorous research endeavors be undertaken to illuminate the protective and risk factors associated with femicide, with an emphasis on the imperative translation of evidence-based findings into practical policy and intervention measures.

Operationalizing expulsion. Jewish accountants in Fascist Italy, 1938–1943

In contrast to the conventional focus on social exclusion in studies of the accountancy profession, this paper examines the race-based expulsion of a group of established practitioners. It does so by analysing the removal of Jews from the profession in Fascist Italy. Drawing on Foucault’s concepts of biopolitics and race, and an array of primary and secondary sources, the paper explores the apparatuses of biopower deployed to cleanse the professional population of Jews. These included anti-Semitic legislation to define the offending population, a census to identify and locate it, and bureaucratic mechanisms to secure its removal. It is shown that following their fascistization, accountancy organisations in Italy functioned as agencies for the purification of the profession. Although the object to ‘kill’ through expulsion was activated in most cases, the existence of transitional ‘let live’ provisions indicated the complexities of activating a biopolitical project on the basis of biological racism. When parts of Italy came under German control in 1943, ‘indirect murder’ through expulsion was supplanted by the actual murder of a number of Jewish accountants.

Psychological Dynamics of Premeditated Murder Convicts in Early Age

Premeditated murder is a criminal act of murder that is carried out with planning and preparation before killing the victim, especially referring to the existence of a period of time before acting to commit or cancel the risky action. This study aims to determine the factors that can influence someone to commit premeditated murder, as well as the impact experienced and felt by the perpetrator after the incident. Respondents in this study were convicts who were convicted of premeditated murder, aged 18-40 years, and who were in Class 1 Penitentiary in Makassar City. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study design. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. The results showed that the factors that influenced aggression led to premeditated murder, namely first, the background of HBH respondent (33) in the form of conditions and family relations which indicated indulgent parenting, negative social interactions, the principle of siri'na pacce which had long been taught and upheld by HBH respondents. Second, based on the chronology of events in the form of provocation, remembering the teachings of siri' na pacce, and awakening or arousal. The impact is in the form of a sentence of twenty years in prison, destruction of the house and family transportation, involvement of a younger sibling and father who was sentenced to sixteen years in prison so they feel guilty, divorce, and are still haunted by the murder incident, especially the expression of the victim when the date of the incident was approaching, causing difficulties sleep.
 

Extrajudicial Killing VS Due Process of Law (Comparative Study in the Philippines and Indonesia)

The failure of a thorough investigation or investigation to catch the mastermind behind a criminal act of murder which ends in a government order to commit murder which is carried out under the law against the perpetrator is the definition of Extrajudicial Killing. One of the countries that practices Extrajudicial Killing is the Philippines. In an effort to eradicate drug trafficking in the country, this action was carried out under the leadership of Rodrigo. In studying this problem the author uses normative legal research methods or statutory approaches. The result of this research is that the Extrajudicial Killing Act can be indicated as a government policy that attacks certain civilians, this can be seen from how President Duterte constantly voices or orders to execute outside the court the perpetrators of drug dealers. This Extrajudicial Killing action can also be referred to as a crime against humanity because the action was carried out by the authorities in a systematic and planned manner. If this is implemented in Indonesia, it will conflict with the principle of due process of law.

Analisis Peristiwa Kanjuruhan Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hukum Dan Masyarakat Indonesia

Seeing the many interests, it is possible that there will be conflicts or fights between people because of conflicting interests. So that for each of these interests, of course, protection is needed which will all be fulfilled if regulations have been created that determine how and how a person should behave in social life so that nothing is detrimental in this matter. So the purpose of this research is to describe the background and chronology of the kanjuruhan event, and to describe the kanjuruhan event when viewed from the perspective of law and society. Writing in this journal uses the Normative Legal Research method, where secondary data is collected using library research techniques or other literature which is then analyzed using qualitative methods accompanied by existing legal and regulatory bases. The results of the study show that the kanjuruhan tragedy is classified as a crime against humanity, where the regulation is clear in Law Number 26 of 2000 article 9, this is based on a reflection of the form of the attack that occurred at Kanjuruhan Stadium, namely an act of murder and torture.

Criminal Acts of Murder Committed in Forced Circumstances (Overmacht)

The main objective of this research is to find out what is Forced Circumstances (Overmacht) and why Forced Circumstances (Overmacht) can free perpetrators from criminal responsibility. Departing from here, in conducting research, the author uses normative research methods with a statutory approach (Statue Approach), namely legal research that focuses on examining documents, namely implementing various secondary data such as legal references, statutory regulations, court decisions, and legal theory, and can also be in the form of opinions expressed by legal scholars in processing research. The results of research conducted by the author show that First, Overmacht occurs because the killer does it by first attacking, making his soul vibrate, then defending himself so as not to become a real victim. This was done in self-defence because he had a choice, either he died, or his opponent died. Second, the criminal act of murder under force majeure (overmacht) cannot be held criminally responsible for the perpetrator because, from the start, it is known that it was an act of self-defence (overmacht), and then the investigation must be stopped. If the trial stage continues, the Judge must use his conscience in determining the Judge, and there must be substantial evidence, such as CCTV footage or eyewitnesses from the incident. It can also be based on the actual situation. Criminal liability itself is for a crime, and its purpose is to determine whether a suspect or defendant should be held accountable for a crime that has occurred.

Psychological Domestic Violence against Woman as Reflected in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles

Susan Glaspell (1876-1948) was one of the pioneering American female playwrights who evolved into visibility at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the twentieth. She had celebrated in her personal and literary life the advent of the new woman striving to fulfill her dreams in a hostile and intensive world. Glaspell based her first dramatic play, Trifles, on an actual murder case she covered while working as a journalist.1 She may write her piece, Trifles, as an explanation for why a woman may murder her husband. In her attempt to explain, Glaspell created the character of Minnie Wright who is oppressed by her husband to the extreme. To fully free herself, Minnie escapes by way of strangling her husband to death. Thematically speaking, Glaspell’s Trifles handles women’s issues in a time where women like Minnie Wright were often forced to remain with “either father or husband just to have a roof over their heads. The life of a solitary woman without male protection was not an attractive option.”2
 In Trifles, the troubled marriage of the Wrights has culminated in Minnie Wright strangling her husband, John. The men vainly look for signs of violent rage, but the women, with growing empathy, are able to recognize the signs of quiet desperation under which many women of their time were forced to live. Glaspell contrasts male and female perspectives throughout the play, and engages the audiences’ sympathy firmly on the side of the women. Susan C. W. Abbotson indicates that “We are asked to witness Mrs. Wright’s life rather than Mr. Wright’s death, and we are shown that the true ‘crime’ has been the way she was being subjugated and ‘destroyed’ by her marriage.”3 Mr. Wright sees women as a submissive group whose concerns hold

Teško ubistvo na svirep način

The first degree murder belongs to the group of the heaviest criminal offences punishable by the heaviest penalties. Basically, the first degree murders have all the characteristics which are common to every murder, i.e. the unlawful deprivation of another person's life. But, the murder accompanied by a certain qualifying circumstance makes it heavier and socially more dangerous than an ordinary murder. In this paper, we will look back and explain in more detail the first degree murder in a cruel manner, which is a complex criminal offence, where, on the one hand, cruelty means taking the victim's life in such a way that it causes the excessive pain and suffering, while, on the other hand, it is necessary that a perpetrator also shows a special emotional relationship towards the pain and suffering (in the form of feeling pleasure, enjoying them, the absence of pity, etc.). We will analyze the hypothesis of the criminal offence of the first degree murder committed in a cruel manner to be planned and a person for the attempt of such an offence to be punished. We will draw a parallel between the criminal act of murder and the first degree murder including the fact whether this offence was committed in a conscientious or unsconscientious way. We will also consider the issue of the organized crime and how often this type of an offence is committed in criminal groups. The aim of the research is to meet the meaning and qualifying circumstances being specific for this offence as well as to see how this offence is qualified in practice. It also covers the issue of its sanctions and how the court evaluates certain findings and opinions in the proceedings including the aggravating circumstances relevant for determining the amount of the punishment.

Crime of Murder by a Child as the Perpetrator A Criminal Psychology Perspective

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze several issues regarding the legal arrangements for the settlement of criminal acts of murder committed by children, the causes of criminal acts of murder committed by children in the perspective of criminal psychology, and criminal policy in law enforcement of criminal acts of murder against children who commit criminal acts of murder. The background is because the diversion mechanism for children who commit murder is difficult to reach an agreement, so that in the end the trial in court becomes the last resort and in the end the child ends up in the Children's Correctional Institution. Although the trial uses the juvenile criminal justice system with a restorative justice approach in every implementation, in reality there are still many law enforcement officials, both judges, prosecutors and police who still view a child in committing a crime as being blamed for his actions without looking at the aspects that occur both from within and outside the child. The results showed that the criminal act of murder committed by children was more due to external factors from the environment and family around the perpetrator, although diversion is very difficult to reach an agreement between the victim and the perpetrator so that very often the perpetrators of criminal acts of murder committed by children end up in prison, but judges still have to seek diversion and restorative justice as a form of protection for children. In terms of sentencing, judges are given the freedom to look at the law, jurisprudence, legal science or doctrine and the factors that cause crimes committed by children, both internal and external factors. However, in practice judges use only the written law in determining sentences or are limited to the prosecutor's indictment.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Justice Collaborator Dalam Pengungkapan Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana

The focus of this research is the legal protection of justice collaborators for criminal act of murder in Indonesia in regards to the premeditated murder cases. The main objective is to identify the obstacles faced in providing legal protection for witnesses and victims of murder. The type of the research is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches. The research results concluded that: First, the existence of a justice collaborator is crucial and hence sits under the spotlight in determining the existance of the case, the original timeline of the murder, what tools used by the killer, where the murder took place, to the point where the perpetrators involved in the murder were exposed so that the crime could be completed. Second, the obstacles found in the implementation of legal protection for justice collaborators are those contained in the provisions of the law, the institutional constraints, and the constraints on inter-agency cooperation.

Encounters at the Mound in Old Norse Literature: Dialogues between Landscape and Narrative

Encounters at the Mound in Old Norse Literature: Dialogues between Landscape and Narrative

Exhumation unveiled honor killing of a woman in Pakistan

Current case study is aimed to highlight the importance of autopsy and toxicological analysis for the provision of justice especially in cases of suspicious deaths. Introduction: honor killing is an act of murder, in which a person is killed for his/her actual or perceived immoral behavior. Honor killing is locally called Karo-Kari in Pakistan. In Pakistani culture honor killing is quite common. As it is considered unethical norm to get autopsy done therefore, most of the times criminals may abscond free. Current case study is based on a real story of a woman who was killed by her in-laws in name of honor. Victim was blamed for having extra-marital affairs by her in-laws. Dead body of woman was buried as such without performing autopsy to hide her murder. Afterwards, family members of deceased woman suspected that her death was suspicious. On application of one of her family members, exhumation was done on the orders of learned Magistrate after three months of incident. Autopsy revealed injury on the forehead of deceased that also gave clue to further investigation. Exhumation samples (humurus, hair, nails, soil of graveyard, soil from outer surface of the grave, soil from inside grave, lung remnants, remnants of stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver and uterus) of deceased were submitted to author’ s lab for forensic toxicological analysis. Initial screening for drugs of abuse and phosphides was performed using ELISA and colorimetric techniques respectively. Specimens were extracted using modified QuEChERS extraction technique. Aliquots were prepared in vials and injected via auto injector into gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (Agilent-7890A/5975, capillary column DB-5, 15m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm, split less, run time 14.75 min, scan mode) for detection of any drug/poison in the submitted samples. Toxicological analysis revealed the presence of carbofuran (˃ 1000 ng/mL), carbofuran phenol (Pesticides) and chloroquine (˃ 500 ng/mL) in remnants of stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver and uterus of deceased. In most cases of honor killing victims are females. Although there are no official credible figures of honor killing cases as these often go unreported or passed off as suicides. Exhumation specimens are challenge for toxicological analysis for detection of drugs/poisons especially when time lapse between burial and exhumation is significant. This study highlights the importance and need of autopsy especially in cases of suspicious deaths to determine cause of death. Every suspicious death needs to be investigated properly. Justice for women requires a comprehensive strategy and measures including state prosecutions of honor killing, reformed criminal laws and easy access for women to safe emergency shelters when they report risk from their family. Pesticides are easily available poisons in Pakistan due to their frequent use on crops. There is also dire need to regularize availability, sale and purchase of commonly available poisons especially pesticides.

Uncovering The Elements, Viewer’s Perception and Factors of Violent Content in Netflix ‘You’ Drama Series

This qualitative study focuses on the elements, viewer's perception and factors of violent content in the Netflix 'You' drama series. Three research objectives were addressed: (1) To analyse the elements that influence the viewers' perception to watch Netflix 'You' drama series, (2) To identify the viewers' perception of reality in the violent content portrayed in the Netflix 'You' drama series, and (3) To identify the contributed factors generating the viewers' perception of reality on the violent content portrayed in the Netflix 'You' drama series. The Cultivation Theory guided this study where meaningful findings were obtained through in-depth interviews with six (6) informants who subscribed to Netflix, watched 'You' drama series for season one and season two, which lived in the Klang Valley. Data analysis were conducted with data gathering and using the NVivo to analyse the coding. The thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Overall, the findings revealed significant themes in every research questions. For RQ1, the elements that influence the viewers' perception of watching 'You' drama series on Netflix were genre selection, binge-watching, and attraction to violent content. For RQ 2, the viewers' perception of reality on the violent content portrayed in the Netflix 'You' drama series has been revealed through the act of murder and torture, brutal actions, anxiety, fear and cautiousness. The RQ3 has revealed the accepting and dismissing violence, personal, and other experiences were the contributed factors generating the viewers' perception of reality on the violent content portrayed in the Netflix 'You' drama series. Keywords: Perception of violent content, perception of reality, violence portrayal, cultivation theory, binge-watching.

The Mystery of the Crime in Skotoprigonyevsk (Plot Analysis of The Brothers Karamazov from the Perspective of Literature Studies, Psychology and Psychiatry)

In this article, by focusing on the two main protagonists, Mitya Karamazov and Pavel Smerdyakov, we would like to analyze the murder of Fyodor Karamazov, which is the crucial event in the novel The Brothers Karamazov. Although the majority of previous reports have claimed that the actual murder was Smerdyakov, we also analyze the possibility that Mitya could be the murderer. In order to reach this goal, we have conducted analysis of these two characters from the perspective of literature studies, psychology and psychiatry. Although we agree with Freud’s opinion [1] that it is not important who killed the father, but who wanted to kill him, we hope that our findings will allow us to formulate conclusions that will be helpful in new interpretations of this masterpiece. In addition, our study is the first to use the interdisciplinary approach with variety of instruments coming from the fields of medicine and humanities.