Acrylic Acid-allylpolyethoxy Carboxylate Research Articles

Polyether copolymer as an environmentally friendly scale and corrosion inhibitor in seawater

A novel environmentally friendly type of corrosion and scale inhibitor acrylic acid-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer (AL15) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The performance of the synthesized copolymer as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The experimental results indicate that AL15 has good corrosion inhibition performance and the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of AL15 concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the corrosion inhibition is due to the formation of a chemisorbed film on the mild steel. The anti-scale property of AL15 in seawater was studied by static tests and the scale deposits were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM, respectively. The results indicated that the scale deposits surface morphology and size were changed significantly in the presence of AL15.

Double-hydrophilic block copolymer as an effective and green scale inhibitor in industrial recycling water systems

In an attempt to control CaCO3 deposits in industrial recycling water systems, the performance of acrylic acid (AA)–allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (APEL) copolymer as an economical and environmentally friendly inhibitor have been investigated by static experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results revealed that AA–APEL (acrylic acid–allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer) achieved the maximum scaling inhibition efficiency of 99.1%. The results of SEM and XRD studies revealed that both the morphology and aggregation of calcium carbonate crystals had been changed, when the inhibitor was added. Moreover, the results of TGA further confirmed the scaling mechanism of the copolymer.

Acrylic acid–allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer as a environmentally friendly scale inhibitor (part II)

A novel environmentally friendly type of scale inhibitor acrylic acid–allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (AQn) was synthesized. The antiscale property of the AQn copolymer towards Ca3(PO4)2 in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests, The observation shows that Ca3(PO4)2 inhibition increases with increasing the degree of polymerization of AQn from 5 to 15, and the dosage of AQn plays an important role on Ca3(PO4)2 inhibition. The effect on the formation of Ca3(PO4)2 was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, respectively. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium ions and polyethylene glycol are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.

Acrylic Acid-Allylpolyethoxy Carboxylate Copolymer: An Effective and Environmentally Friendly Inhibitor for Carbonate and Sulphate Scales in Cooling Water Systems

Formation of mineral scales of carbonate and sulphate poses significant problems in cooling water systems. For the control of calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate scales, a novel environmentally friendly type of scale inhibitor ALn was synthesized. The antiscale property of the ALn copolymer towards CaCO3 and CaSO4 in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests, The observation shows that both CaCO3 and CaSO4 inhibition increase with increasing the degree of polymerization of ALn from 5 to 15, and the dosage of ALn plays an important role on CaCO3 and CaSO4 inhibition. The effect on formation of CaCO3 and CaSO4 was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis, respectively. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium and polyethylene glycol are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.

Synthesis and application of an environmentally friendly antiscalant in industrial cooling systems

A novel double-hydrophilic block copolymer, acrylic acid-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate, was specially designed and synthesized from allyloxy polyethoxy ether. The study shows that acrylic acid-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate has significant ability to inhibit the precipitation of calcium carbonate and excellent dispersing capability to stabilize iron (III) in industrial cooling systems. X-ray diffraction shows that there is a number of vaterite crystals in the presence of the phosphorous free and non-nitrogen copolymer; the change of crystal forms was also confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Preparation and application of a phosphorous free and nonnitrogen scale inhibitor in industrial cooling water systems

A novel environmentally friendly type of calcium carbonate, zinc (II) and iron (III) scale inhibitor Acrylic acidallylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer (AAAPEL) was synthesized. The anti-scale property of the AA-APEL toward CaCO3, zinc (II) and iron (III) in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests. The observation shows that both calcium carbonate, zinc (II) and iron (III) inhibition increase with increasing the dosage of AA-APEL. The effect on formation of CaCO3 was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that the AA-APEL copolymer not only influenced calcium carbonate crystal morphology and crystal size but also the crystallinity. The crystallization of CaCO3 in the absence of inhibitor was rhombohedral calcite crystal, whereas a mixture of calcite with vaterite crystals was found in the presence of the AAAPEL copolymer. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium or iron ions and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.

A multicarboxyl antiscalant for calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate deposits in cooling water systems

AbstractA “green” antiscalant of acrylic acid-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (AA-APEY or AY) was prepared by copolymerization of allylpolyethoxy carboxylate and acrylic acid at different mole ratios. The effect of different AA-to-APEY mole ratios on controlling calcium deposits was studied, and their performance was compared with current commercial inhibitors. It was shown that AY exhibited excellent ability to control inorganic minerals, with approximately 100% calcium phosphate inhibition and 80% calcium carbonate inhibition at dosage of 8 and 6 mg/L, respectively. The micromorphology and crystal of calcium particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

Acrylic acid–allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer as an environmentally friendly calcium carbonate and iron(III) scale inhibitor

A novel environmentally friendly type of calcium carbonate and iron(III) scale inhibitor AQn was synthesized. The anti-scale property of the AQn copolymer toward CaCO3 and iron(III) in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests. The observation shows that both calcium carbonate and iron(III) inhibition increase with increasing the degree of polymerization of AQn from 5 to 15, and the dosage of AQn plays an important role on calcium carbonate and iron(III) inhibition. The effect on formation of CaCO3 was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium or iron ions and polyethylene glycol are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.

Fluorescent-tagged acrylic acid-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer as a green inhibitor for calcium phosphate in industrial cooling systems

Allyloxy polyethoxy ether (APEG) and succinic anhydride were used to prepare allyloxy polyethoxy carboxylate (APEL). The 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrene trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (PY) was reacted with allyl chloride to produce fluorescent monomer 8-allyloxy-1,3,6-pyrene trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (PA). APEL and PA were copolymerized with acrylic acid (AA) to synthesize PA-tagged no phosphate and nitrogen free calcium phosphate inhibitor AA–APEL–PA. Structures of PA, APEG, APEL, and AA–APEL–PA were carried out by FT-IR and 1H NMR. Different AA:APEL mole ratios were employed for the manufacture of AA–APEL–PA to study the effect of mole ratio on performance of AA–APEL–PA. Relationship between AA–APEL–PA’s fluorescent intensity and its dosage was studied. The results indicate that capability of AA–APEL–PA is heavily depended on the mole ratio of AA:APEL. Correlation coefficient r of AA–APEL–PA’s fluorescent intensity and its dosage is 0.9995, and detection limit of AA–APEL–PA is 0.98 mg/L. AA–APEL–PA can be used to accurately measure polymer consumption on line besides providing excellent calcium phosphate inhibition.

Acrylic Acid-Allylpolyethoxy Carboxylate Copolymer Dispersant for Calcium Carbonate and Iron(III) Hydroxide Scales in Cooling Water Systems

Abstract A novel environmentally friendly type of calcium carbonate and iron(III) scale inhibitor (ALn) was synthesized. The anti-scale property of the Acrylic acid-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer (AA-APELn or ALn) towards CaCO3 and iron(III) in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests. The observation shows that both calcium carbonate and iron(III) inhibition increase with increasing the degree of polymerization of ALn from 5 to 15, and the dosage of ALn plays an important role on calcium carbonate and iron(III)-inhibition. The effect on formation of CaCO3 was investigated with a combination of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that the ALn copolymer not only influences calcium carbonate crystal morphology and crystal size but also the crystallinity. The crystallization of CaCO3 in the absence of inhibitor was rhombohedral calcite crystal, whereas a mixture of calcite with vaterite crystals was found in the presence of the ALn copolymer. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium or iron ions and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.

Inhibition of Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3, and CaSO4 Precipitation for Industrial Recycling Water

In an attempt to control Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3, and CaSO4 deposits in industrial recycling water systems, an acrylic acid (AA)–allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (APEC) copolymer was examined as a nonphosphorus inhibitor. The synthesized AA–APEC copolymer was characterized by FT-IR. The performance of AA–APEC on inhibition of Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3, and CaSO4 precipitation was compared with that of current commercial inhibitors. It was shown that AA–APEC exhibited excellent ability to control inorganic minerals, with approximately 82.88% CaSO4 inhibition and 99.89% Ca3(PO4)2 inhibition at levels of 3 and 6 mg/L AA–APEC, respectively. AA–APEC also displayed ability to prevent the formation of CaCO3 scales. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the outstanding performance of AA–APEC on Ca3(PO4)2 inhibition resulted from a decrease in size of Ca3(PO4)2 solid particles thereby dispersing these particles throughout a fluid, while CaCO3 inhibition was attributed to the formation of ribbon-shaped structures...