Acrylamide-acrylic Acid Research Articles

Design of a double-layered material as a long-acting moisturizing hydrogel-elastomer and its application in the field protection of elephant ivories excavated from the Sanxingdui Ruins.

The sudden change in the environment from a dark, low-oxygen, low-temperature, high-humidity underground stable environment to an environment with much-improved temperature and humidity, a high oxygen content, enhanced light exposure, and increased harmful organisms has greatly affected the stability of the ivory unearthed from the Sanxingdui site. Therefore, the implementation of an effective emergency protection strategy for ivory excavated at Sanxingdui is imperative and urgently needed. However, the current gauze technique used at many archaeological sites suffers from short timescales, poor transparency of the material, and susceptibility to reverse osmosis of the ivory. Therefore, in this study, a transparent poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) (P(AM-AA)) hydrogel-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer bilayer was designed for the effective protection of excavated ivory. In this system, a hydrophobic PDMS elastomer was constructed on the surface of the hydrogel by the introduction of a silane coupling agent to inhibit the loss of water from the hydrogel to the external environment, thus prolonging the preservation of ivory by the protective material. The covalent interface between the hydrogel and the elastomer allowed the double-layer composite to exhibit excellent interfacial bonding. In addition, the double-layer material demonstrated a high mechanical strength of 1.2 MPa and a water binding ratio of ∼31%, which allowed it to form strong hydrogen bonds with the silanol structure. When the hydrogel was placed in an air environment (temperature: 25 °C; relative humidity: 65% RH), the water-retention rate of the double-layer material was still more than 60% after 5 days, thus the double-layer material showed excellent performance. Meanwhile, the double-layer material had a transmittance of more than 90% and exhibited a high degree of transparency, which makes it possible to promptly observe the changes occurring on the surface of the ivory. The combination of the aforementioned properties makes the bilayer a promising material for moisturizing and protecting excavated ivory in situ. Based on these properties, we used the prepared P(AM-AA)/PDMS double-layer material directly for wrapping the K8 ivory with the highest water content at Sanxingdui. The weight retention rate of the ivory was around 70% after 50 days of placement (temperature: 25 °C; relative humidity: 60% RH), the macroscopic morphology did not change significantly and the mechanical properties of the wrapped ivory were basically unchanged, which indicated that the double-layer material has an excellent on-site protection effect on the ivory excavated from Sanxingdui. This work provides new ideas and methods for the temporary conservation of wet heritage.

Preparation and properties of magnetic superabsorbent composite based on poly (acrylic acid-acrylamide)-g-sodium alginate/Fe3O4

Preparation and properties of magnetic superabsorbent composite based on poly (acrylic acid-acrylamide)-g-sodium alginate/Fe3O4

Poly (ionic liquid) cross-linked hydrogel encapsulated with AuPt nanozymes for the smartphone-based colorimetric detection of zearalenone

A poly (ionic liquid) enhanced poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) (PIL-PAM/AA) hydrogel-based colorimetric sensor was designed to detect zearalenone (ZEN). Different AuxPty nanoparticles were synthesized via the on-pot method. Through the kinetic analysis and the theoretical calculation, Au0.4Pt0.6 possessed the relatively low energy barriers to adsorb and decompose H2O2 so that it exhibited relatively better catalytic activity (Km = 2.02 × 10−3, Vmax = 6.14 × 10−7). AuPt nanoparticles were encapsulated into PIL-PAM/AA hydrogel via the interaction between aptamer and cDNA. In the presence of ZEN, the embedded AuPt nanoparticles were released to complete the catalytic reaction. Coupled with the smartphone application, the established method provided the linear range of 1–250 ng mL−1, with a detection limit of 0.6979 ng mL−1 for ZEN. Meanwhile, it also possessed excellent selectivity and good anti-interference performance. In wheat and corn samples, spiked recoveries were ranging from 75% to 113.30%.

Influence of type and particle size of superabsorbent polymer on early water distribution and internal curing zone properties of cement paste

The types of commercial superabsorbent polymer (SAP) mainly include ionic-SAP acrylic acid (AA) and nonionic-SAP acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer (AM), which have different particle sizes due to the limited preparation methods. This study used 1H low-field NMR to clarify the influence of type and particle size of SAP on the water distribution of cement paste. Backscattering electrons and nanoindentation were used to quantitatively analyze the area, porosity, and micromechanical properties of internal curing zone. Finally, void system analysis, compressive strength, and autogenous shrinking were systematically studied. The results indicate that the water absorption and retention capacity of AM in cement paste increase with the increase of particle size, and the area of internal curing zone also increased. As the area of internal curing area increases, the autogenous shrinkage of cement paste significantly decreases. The internal curing effect reduces the unhydrated cement content and increases the high-density C–S–H content of internal curing zone, thereby improving the micromechanical properties and to some extent offsetting the decrease in mechanical properties caused by voids. However, larger particle size AM forms larger void and higher air content, leading to a further decrease in strength. Ionic-SAP AA releases a large amount of water before final setting, weakening internal curing effect and reducing the area of internal curing zone. In addition, the early release of water leads to an increase in the local water-cement ratio, which increases the porosity and low-density C–S–H content of internal curing zone, thereby reducing the micromechanical properties.

Comparison of Structural, Water-Retaining and Sorption Properties of Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Physical and Chemical Methods.

Two series of hydrogels based on acrylamide and its copolymers with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid were synthesized by two cross-linking methods - chemical (using N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide) and physical (using montmorillonite (MMT)) ones. The structure of the gels was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling and sorption properties were analyzed as a function of both the monomer composition and the cross-linking method. The shift of the band corresponding to Si-O (995-1030 cm-1 ) confirmed the formation of intercalation structures for MMT-cross-linked gels. Moreover, physically cross-linked gels demonstrated a non-monotonic dependence of the swelling degree on the MMT concentration, and acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer MMT-cross-linked gels showed pH sensitivity and the highest swelling degree of 150 g/g. The highest sorption capacity towards cadmium(II) ions was demonstrated by acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer gels, both covalently cross-linked (30 mg/g) and MMT-cross-linked (8.9 mg/g).

Radiation synthesis and chemical modifications of p(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogel for improving their adsorptive removal of metal ions from polluted water

The research focuses on utilizing gamma irradiation to synthesize polyacrylic acid-co-polyacrylamide p(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogels. The effect of synthetic parameters on physicochemical features of p(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogls were examined, including acrylic acid (AAc): acrylamide (AAm) weight ratios, monomer concentration, and gamma irradiation dosage (kGy). At the optimum synthetic conditions (30 kGy and 75% AAc), different chemical modifications are explored to incorporate sulfonate, hydroxyl, carboxyl, cysteine, thiol, and amine functional groups within the bare hydrogel (Cpd 0) structure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the success development of functionalized hydrogels (namely Cpd 1 to 6) with three-dimensional porous structures. These modified hydrogels include Cpd 1, a sulfonated hydrogel through a sulfonation reaction; Cpd 2, modified via NaOH hydrolysis; Cpd 3, modified using thionyl chloride; Cpd 4, incorporating cysteine modification through reaction with cysteine; Cpd 5, with 4-(Dimethylamino) benzaldehyde; and Cpd 6, modified with 3,4-Dimethylbenzoic acid.The effect of hydrogel composition and surface functionalities on the swelling capacity and interactions with scale-forming/heavy metal ions (e.g., Ba2+, Sr2+, and Cu2+) was investigated in saline water solution (NaCl = 1000 mg/L). Batch adsorption studies reveal that all modified hydrogels exhibited higher removal efficiency for the three metal ions than unmodified p(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogel, validating the key role of surface functionalities in tailoring hydrogel affinity for metal ions adsorption. Amongst these, NaOH-treated hydrogel (Cpd 2) outperformed all other modified ones in the removal of Cu2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ ions, with maximum capacities of 13.67, 36.4, and 27.31 mg/g, respectively. Based on adsorption isotherm and kinetic modeling, the adsorption process of the three metal ions onto all modified hydrogels better obeyed Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies also indicated that the adsorption behavior of Sr2+ ions can exhibit both exothermic and endothermic characteristics, depending on the nature of hydrogel surface chemistry. Conversely, the adsorption process of Cu2+ and Ba2+ ions onto all modified hydrogels is endothermic, suggesting favorable chemical adsorption mechanisms. These findings reveal that the specific adsorption performance of hydrogel is dependent on the type of modification and the targeted heavy metal ions. Based on the nature of hydrogel surface functionality, surface modifications can change the charge density, hydrophilicity, and overall chemical environment of the hydrogel, offering a versatile approach to optimize the adsorption affinity/selectivity of hydrogel's in removing scale-forming/heavy metals from water solutions.

Superabsorbent Hydrogel from Cassava Waste Pulp – Acrylamide – Acrylic Acid to Increase Water Holding Capacity in Sandy Soils

In this investigation, a superabsorbent hydrogel was produced from cassava waste pulp (CWP) and acrylic acid (AA) – acrylamide (AAm) in a ratio of 2:1.5:1 (CWP:AA:AAm) by grafting and crosslinking methods. The grafting procedure is initiated with ammonium persulfate (APS) at a concentration of 1%. In this study, cross-linked structures were produced using several concentrations of methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The impact of MBA concentration on the properties of the superabsorbent hydrogel was observed. The parameters investigated in this study included the equilibrium degree of swelling (EDS), grafting degree, gel fraction, and swelling kinetics (comprising the swelling exponent, swelling constant, and diffusion coefficient). Following this, the hydrogels were sprinkled into sandy soil with the purpose of examining the effects of hydrogel incorporation on the soil’s water holding capacity. The sample with a concentration of 0.5% MBA yielded the highest EDS at 9178% (g/g), as determined by the results. The gel fraction value obtained for the sample was 81.04% (g/g) and the crosslink density of this sample was measured to be 2.78 × 1023 m-3, while the maximal water holding capacity was found to be 54.16%.

Poly (Acrylic Acid-Acrylamide) Hydrogel for Ni(II) and Cr(III) Adsorption: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies

The use of a hydrogel composed of poly acrylic acid acrylamide (AA-AAm) as an adsorbent for removing nickel and chromium ions from synthetic wastewater was investigated. The effects of various factors such as pH, retention time, hydrogel dosage, and initial metal concentration on the adsorption of Ni(II) and Cr(III) were examined. Adsorption performance was evaluated using isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The results showed that the adsorption process for both metals followed a pseudo-second-order model with good correlation coefficients. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to be a better fit for the adsorption process, suggesting that both physical and chemical processes were involved in the adsorption of Ni and Cr. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process is spontaneous (negative ΔG) but endothermic (positive ΔH), indicating that heat energy is required for the adsorption process. Overall, the findings suggest that the poly AA-AAm hydrogel has excellent potential as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals from wastewater. The presence of heavy metals in wastewater is a significant environmental and health concern.

Transparent, High Stretchable, Environmental Tolerance, and Excellent Sensitivity Hydrogel for Flexible Sensors and Capacitive Pens.

The prospect of ionic conductive hydrogels in multifunctional sensors has generated widespread scientific interest. The new generation of flexible materials should be combined with superior mechanical properties, high conductivity, transparency, sensitivity, good self-restoring fatigue properties, and other multifunctional characteristics, while the current materials are difficult to meet these requirements. Herein, we prepared poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) (P(AM-AA))/gelatin/glycerol-Al3+ (PG1G2A) ionic conducting hydrogel by one-pot polymerization under UV light. The prepared PG1G2A ionic conductive hydrogel had high tensile strength (539.18 kPa), excellent tensile property (1412.96%), good fast self-recovery and fatigue resistance, high transparency (>80%), excellent moisturizing, and antifreezing/drying properties. In addition, the ionic conductive hydrogel-based strain sensor can respond to mechanical stimulation and generate accurate, stable, and recyclable electrical signals, with excellent sensitivity (GF 5.81). In addition, the PG1G2A hydrogel could be used as flexible wearable devices for monitoring multiple strain and subtle movements of different body parts at different temperatures. Interestingly, the PG1G2A hydrogel capacitive pen embedded in the mold can be used to write and draw on the screen of a phone or tablet. This new multifunctional ionic conducting hydrogel shows broad application prospects in E-skin, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction in extreme environments.

WITHDRAWN: Multifunctional poly-(Acrylamide-acrylic acid)/sesbania gum/bentonite hydrogel composite for removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from water

WITHDRAWN: Multifunctional poly-(Acrylamide-acrylic acid)/sesbania gum/bentonite hydrogel composite for removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from water

Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Degradation Studies of an Acrylic Acid-acryl Amide based TiO2 Hydrogel Nanocomposite: Real Samples of Pollutants Dyes

In this study, preparation of (AAc-AM)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite. This hydrogel was prepared by copolymerization. Acryl amide (AM), acrylic acid (AAc) is an absorbent material of great use in the preparation of hydrogels, Where hydrogels based on acrylate are characterized by being hydrophilic and having the ability to retain water. The properties of nanocomposite were studied using several techniques (FESEM, XRD, and TEM). The photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) under UV irradiation has been studied. The utilization of (AAc-AM)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite as a catalyst in the photocatalysis process under several optimum conditions. The eff ect of the parameter contains the mass of the (AAc-AM)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite catalyst and the concentration of Congo red (CR). Through the data, the photocatalytic activity increases by increasing the hydrogel nanocomposite mass from 0.1–0.3 g. Also, a decrease in photocatalytic effi ciency was observed with an increase in dye concentration. Observed that after re-use, (AAc-g-AM)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite paper photocatalytic effi ciency from of the 1 cycle use 77.99 to 60.12% of 6 cycle use repeated to show that (AAc-g-AM)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite surface appear good stability.

Effect of poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid salt) on anti-aging properties and adhesion between acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and polyester fabric

In this study, a multifunction polymeric adhesion promoter and anti-aging compound based on the triethanolamine salt of acrylamide acrylic acid copolymer (COS) was prepared and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The impact of different COS contents on the tensile, adhesion, and thermal properties of NBR composite and NBR/PET sandwich was evaluated. The NBR composites containing COS displayed good retention of their mechanical properties with increasing thermal ageing time, while the composite without COS showed a decrease in its mechanical properties. The highest tensile strength (17.5 MPa with a retention value of 0.6%) after 7 days of thermal aging was recorded for NBR composite, which contains 5 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) of COS (COS 5), compared to NBR composite without COS (COS 0), which recorded 15.1 MPa with a retention value of -27.4%. In addition, the COS 5 composite displayed an improvement in peel strength of 16.4% compared to the COS 0. The results of the thermogarvemetric analysis (TGA) supported the anti-thermal ageing effect of COS, where the initial decomposition temperature (Ti) value increased by 11.7 and 9.3 °C, after addition of 5 and 10 phr of COS to NBR composite, respectively. In addition, the other thermogravemetric parameters investigated displayed a significant increase in their values, which confirms the improvement in thermal stability of NBR composite in the presence of COS. Also, the air permeability of the PET/NBR sandwich decreased by 80% after the addition of 7.5 phr of COS.

Removal of Toxic Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solution Using a Graphene Oxide/Poly (Acrylamide-Acrylic acid) Hydrogel: Characterization, Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies

Removal of Toxic Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solution Using a Graphene Oxide/Poly (Acrylamide-Acrylic acid) Hydrogel: Characterization, Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies

Синтез, структура и особенности формирования бифазных гибридных композиций на основе бентонита

The synthesis, structure and features of the formation of biphasic hybrid polymer compositions based on natural ionite (bentonite – BT), its intercalated complex (ICC) with a solid solution of copper ferrocyanide K4-хCux[Fe(CN)6] and a synthetic rare cross-linked acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer were studied. The mechanism of formation of biphasic intercalated and percolated structures was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, IR-Fourier spectroscopy and stress-strain curves. It is shown that the impregnation of the mineral bentonite filler into the polymer matrix, including its intercalated complex {BT:K4-xCux[Fe(CN)6]} is accompanied by an increase of non-uniformity of the structure of the hybrid composite material. It has been established that the main factor characterizing the deformation stability of the composite is the adhesive strength at the interface between the mineral filler and the polymer matrix. Under uniaxial tension of the P[AA-AA]{BT} composition and the percolated complex P[AA-AA]{BT:K4-xCux[Fe(CN)6]} their internal structure is rearranged resulting in stretching of agglomerates of solid fillers along polymer chains, which is determined by the adhesion force between polymer chains and mineral particles at the phase boundary. It is proposed to consider such biphasic hybrid composite materials as a promising class of interpenetrating networks with valuable applied properties.

Photothermally Triggered Control of the Drug Delivery System Using Doxorubicin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica for Effective Killing of Human Hepatoma Cells

Photothermal-temperature responsive [Ag nanoparticles-hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres–poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide-acrylic acid)] (Ag@HMSN@PNIPAM-AA) nanoparticles were designed and prepared, and the combination of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and [poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide-acrylic acid)] (PNIPAM-AA) was used as a switch of the photothermal-temperature effect to control drug release. The results of cell culture in vitro showed that [mesoporous silica nanospheres–poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide-acrylic acid)] (MSN@PNIPAM-AA) and Ag@HMSN@PNIPAM-AA nanoparticles had good biocompatibility and less cytotoxicity, and Ag@HMSN@PNIPAM-AA nanoparticles had higher cell inhibition under 808 nm near-infrared light. The combination of near-infrared light and doxorubicin showed higher drug release efficiency and a stronger inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell growth. These characteristics indicate that Ag@HMSN@PNIPAM-AA nanoparticles have great potential for treatment. This study also proved the universal applicability of Ag@HMSN@PNIPAM-AA nanoparticles. Different model drugs and nanoparticles can play different roles and have development potential.

Synthesis and Assessment of AMPS-Based Copolymers Prepared via Electron-Beam Irradiation for Ionic Conductive Hydrogels.

In this study, ionic conductive hydrogels were prepared with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS). Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) were used as comonomers to complement the adhesion properties and ion conductivity of AMPS hydrogels. Hydrogels were prepared by irradiating a 20 kGy dose of E-beam to the aqueous monomer solution. With the E-beam irradiation, the polymer chain growth and network formation simultaneously proceeded to form a three-dimensional network. The preferred reaction was determined by the type of comonomer, and the structure of the hydrogel was changed accordingly. When AA or AAm was used as a comonomer, polymer growth and crosslinking proceeded together, so a hydrogel with increased peel strength and tensile strength could be prepared. In particular, in the case of AA, it was possible to prepare a hydrogel with improved adhesion without sacrificing ionic conductivity. When the molar ratio of AA to AMPS was 3.18, the 90° peel strength of AMPS hydrogel increased from 171 to 428 gf/25 mm, and ionic conductivity slightly decreased, from 0.93 to 0.84 S/m. By copolymerisation with HEA, polymer growth was preferred compared with chain crosslinking, and a hydrogel with lower peel strength, swelling ratio, and ionic conductivity than the pristine AMPS hydrogel was obtained.

Microstructure of gamma-ray developed polymeric nanocomposite respecting cesium and cobalt removal from aqueous solutions

The nanoparticles of fly ash (FA) were obtained by high energy ball milling of their parent Class C kind for subsequent synthesis of poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid)/fly ash (poly(AM-AA)/FA) nanocomposite. The gamma-radiation induced polymerization was applied to achieve this concern. Different techniques were utilized to characterize such nanocomposite. The sorption abilities of the synthesized nanocomposite toward 60Co2+ and 134Cs + radionuclides were evaluated using batch and fixed-bed column approaches. Batches were designed at constants of solution pH (6.5–7.0 ± 0.02), nanocomposite particle size and dosage (106–250 μm and 0.1 L/g, respectively). The microstructure of such nanocomposite (<100 nm) was mainly amorphous with porous rough surfaces containing homogenous distribution of the incorporated nano-FA. About 56.46 and 47.9 mg/g of Co2+ and Cs+ were sorbed at equilibrium with an ion exchange reaction mechanism. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich D–R isotherm model parameters were calculated indicating the favorability of all sorption processes. The spontaneous and endothermic natures of sorption were observed by the calculated ΔG° and ΔH° thermodynamic parameters, respectively. Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Adams Bohart models were fitted to the fixed-bed column data at varied conditions. The predicted sorption capacities of Thomas were very close to those obtained experimentally. Modeling of the fixed-bed column data dominates that the external mass transfer kinetics was predominant in the initial parts of the fixed-beds. Values required for retaining 50% of the initial sorbate concentration were extended from 89.05 to 68.55 to 177.2 and 149.3 min for 60Co2+ and 134Cs + radionuclides, respectively, by increasing bed depth from 1.5 to 3.0 cm. Modification of FA to its nano-scale form with the subsequent synthesis of a nanocomposite material having sorption capabilities made a duplicate beneficial environmental concern.

Bagasse Cellulose Composite Superabsorbent Material with Double-Crosslinking Network Using Chemical Modified Nano-CaCO3 Reinforcing Strategy.

To improve the salt resistance of superabsorbent materials and the gel strength of superabsorbent materials after water absorption, a bagasse cellulose-based network structure composite superabsorbent (CAAMC) was prepared via graft copolymerization of acrylamide/acrylic acid (AM/AA) onto bagasse cellulose using silane coupling agent modified nano-CaCO3 (MNC) and N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a double crosslinker. The acrylamide/acrylic acid was chemically crosslinked with modified nano-CaCO3 by C-N, and a stable double crosslinked (DC) network CAAMC was formed under the joint crosslinking of N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide and modified nano-CaCO3. Modified nano-CaCO3 plays a dual role of crosslinking agent and the filler, and the gel strength of composite superabsorbent is two times higher than that of N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide single crosslinking. The maximum absorbency of CAAMC reached 712 g/g for deionized water and 72 g/g for 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. The adsorption process of CAAMC was simulated by materials studio, and the maximum adsorption energy of amino and carboxyl groups for water molecules is −2.413 kJ/mol and −2.240 kJ/mol, respectively. According to the results of CAAMC soil water retention, a small amount of CAAMC can greatly improve the soil water retention effect.

Sorption of some rare earth elements from aqueous solutions using copolymer/activated carbon composite: Multivariate optimization approach

The present study investigated the sorption of Ce3+, Nd3+ and Gd3+ cations from aqueous solutions via the use of a synthesized poly (acrylamide-acrylic acid)/activated carbon ((P-AM-AA)/AC) prepared by ϒ Radiation-Induced Templatepolymerization technique. The effect of absorbed ϒ radiation dose rate (kGy/hr) and cross linker concentration on the sorption efficacy of the synthesized composite toward the concerned lanthanides was studied. The structure of the synthesized composite was confirmed by different characterization techniques. Batch sorption studies for Ce3+, Nd3+ and Gd3+ onto (P-AM-AA)/AC were investigated as a function of contact time, pH and cations concentration. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize and simulate the sorption of the concerned cations from the solution onto the synthesized material. The studied factors include initial cation concentration, solution pH, contact time and temperature. From the desirability analysis it is found that, the optimal sorption efficacy of the cations onto the synthesized sorbent was determined as 50 mg/l, 3.9 pH, 7 min and 333 K for acquiring percentage sorption more than 98% with optimal desirability of 0.99.

Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid as Copolymer Gel for Water Shut-Off at High Pressure and Temperature Conditions

Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid as Copolymer Gel for Water Shut-Off at High Pressure and Temperature Conditions