Acrylamide Hemoglobin Adduct Levels Research Articles

Association between Acrylamide Hemoglobin Adduct Levels and Depressive Symptoms in US Adults: NHANES 2013-2016.

Acrylamide (AA) is widely present in heat-processed carbohydrate-rich food, cigarette smoke, and the environment. Prolonged exposure to AA may cause central nervous system damage. However, few epidemiologic studies assessed the association between hemoglobin adduct levels of AA or its metabolite glycidamide (GA) and depressive symptoms. We included 3595 US adults (≥18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016. Data for hemoglobin adduct levels from AA and GA (HbAA and HbGA) were used as a measure of internal dose. Depressive symptom data were from mental health questionnaires and measured by nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores. Results of logistic regression models showed a positive association between HbAA in quartile 4 and depressive symptoms with ORs and 95% CI of 2.47 (1.29, 4.77) [ORcontinuousHbAA and 95% CI: 1.006 (1.000, 1.013)], but an inverse association was detected in quartiles 2 and 3 of HbGA/HbAA [0.62 (0.38, 0.99) and 0.54 (0.32, 0.92), respectively]. Especially, an association between HbAA and depressive symptoms was strengthened in smokers, in age 18-39 and 40-59 years and BMI 25-30 kg/m2 groups. Further explorations are needed to study the found associations between HbAA, HbGA, and depressive symptoms.

The influence of demographic, physical, behavioral, and dietary factors on hemoglobin adduct levels of acrylamide and glycidamide in the general U.S. population

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study aims to better understand the individual characteristics and dietary factors that affect the relationship between estimated consumption of acrylamide and measured acrylamide hemoglobin adduct levels (HbAA) and glycidamide hemoglobin adduct levels (HbGA). Methods: Acrylamide levels in individual food items, estimated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, were linked to data collected in the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between estimated consumption of acrylamide and HbAA. Results: A significant association between acrylamide intake and HbAA was observed, after adjustment for gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, age, and BMI (R2 = 0.34). Across quartiles of acrylamide consumption, HbAA and HbGA levels increased monotonically. Among nonsmokers, an evaluation of three heavily consumed, high AA concentration foods showed a positive trend between the consumed amount of fried potatoes and HbAA in children, adolescents, and adults. A significant positive trend between the consumed amount of potato chips or coffee was indicated in adolescents, adults, and seniors. Conclusions: Consumption of some individual foods affects HbAA concentrations more strongly and in an age-dependent manner. Our results suggest that effective dietary guidelines for controlling acrylamide intake should be subpopulation specific.

Global Gene Expression Analysis in Cord Blood Reveals Gender-Specific Differences in Response to Carcinogenic Exposure In Utero

It has been suggested that fetal carcinogenic exposure might lead to predisposition to develop cancer during childhood or in later life possibly through modulation of the fetal transcriptome. Because gender effects in the incidence of childhood cancers have been described, we hypothesized differences at the transcriptomic level in cord blood between male and female newborns as a consequence of fetal carcinogenic exposure. The objective was to investigate whether transcriptomic responses to dietary genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens show gender-specific mechanisms-of-action relevant for chemical carcinogenesis. Global gene expression was applied in umbilical cord blood samples, the CALUX-assay was used for measuring dioxin(-like), androgen(-like), and estrogen(-like) internal exposure, and acrylamide-hemoglobin adduct levels were determined by mass spectrometry adduct-FIRE-procedure(TM). To link gene expression to an established phenotypic biomarker of cancer risk, micronuclei frequencies were investigated. While exposure levels did not differ between sexes at birth, important gender-specific differences were observed in gene expressions associated with these exposures linked with cell cycle, the immune system and more general cellular processes such as posttranslation. Moreover, oppositely correlating leukemia/lymphoma genes between male and female newborns were identified in relation to the different biomarkers of exposure that might be relevant to male-specific predisposition to develop these cancers in childhood. CONCLUSIONS/IMPACT: This study reveals different transcriptomic responses to environmental carcinogens between the sexes. In particular, male-specific TNF-alpha-NF-kB signaling upon dioxin exposure and activation of the Wnt-pathway in boys upon acrylamide exposure might represent possible mechanistic explanations for gender specificity in the incidence of childhood leukemia.

Potato fiber protects the small intestinal wall against the toxic influence of acrylamide

ObjectiveAcrylamide is a neurotoxic, genotoxic substance present in many commonly consumed food products and has been shown to have carcinogenic effects in rodents. The protective effects (if any) of potato fiber preparations, composed of cell wall material from potatoes, against the toxic influence of dietary acrylamide on the small intestinal wall were investigated. MethodsMale mice of the BALB/c strain were used in the study. Acrylamide was administered to the mice in their drinking water (0.5 mg/kg of body weight per day) and one of two types of potato fiber preparations (heated or raw potato fiber preparation) was added to their feed (2% addition to their feed). Histomorphometry of the small intestinal wall, hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide, animal weight, and feed and water consumption analyses were performed. ResultsAcrylamide altered the morphology and histology of the small intestinal wall, decreasing proliferation, myenteron and submucosal thicknesses, villus length, fractal dimension, crypt depth, crypt number, and the small intestinal absorptive surface. Conversely, apoptosis, hemoglobin adduct levels, intensity of epithelium staining, enterocyte number, villus epithelial thickness, and crypt width and parameters associated with nerve ganglia were increased. The two potato fiber preparations that were used abolished the negative influences of acrylamide on the small intestinal wall and had no influence on the hemoglobin adduct levels of acrylamide. ConclusionThe negative impact of acrylamide on the histologic structure, regeneration, and innervation of the small intestinal wall and the absorptive function of the small intestinal mucosa can be abolished by dietary potato fiber preparations.

Acrylamide exposure and incidence of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study

Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is formed in several foods during high-temperature processing. So far, epidemiological studies have not shown any association between human cancer risk and dietary exposure to acrylamide. The purpose of this study was to conduct a nested case control study within a prospective cohort study on the association between breast cancer and exposure to acrylamide using biomarkers. N-terminal hemoglobin adduct levels of acrylamide and its genotoxic metabolite, glycidamide in red blood cells were analyzed (by LC/MS/MS) as biomarkers of exposure on 374 breast cancer cases and 374 controls from a cohort of postmenopausal women. The adduct levels of acrylamide and glycidamide were similar in cases and controls, with smokers having much higher levels (approximately 3 times) than nonsmokers. No association was seen between acrylamide-hemoglobin levels and breast cancer risk neither unadjusted nor adjusted for the potential confounders HRT duration, parity, BMI, alcohol intake and education. After adjustment for smoking behavior, however, a positive association was seen between acrylamide-hemoglobin levels and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer with an estimated incidence rate ratio (95% CI) of 2.7 (1.1-6.6) per 10-fold increase in acrylamide-hemoglobin level. A weak association between glycidamide hemoglobin levels and incidence of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer was also found, this association, however, entirely disappeared when acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin levels were mutually adjusted.

The association between self-reported acrylamide intake and hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of exposure

The validity of epidemiological studies assessing a lifetime cancer risk due to environmental factors, such as nutrition or smoking behavior strongly depends on the validity of the patient's history. This study assesses whether a standardized questionnaire is a valid tool to identify exposure with acrylamide by relating the self-reported food and smoking history with a biomarker, namely hemoglobin-adduct levels of acrylamide. Objective parameters of previous exposure, such as hemoglobin-adduct levels of acrylamide and of the smoking-specific acrylonitrile, respectively, were related to self-reported data in 1,008 volunteers of the general population in bivariate analyses and a multiple linear regression analysis using the log-transformed biomarker levels as outcome. Smoking was significantly associated with adduct levels of acrylamide (p < 0.0001) and had a main contribution to the internal burden with acrylamide. In cigarette smokers a strong correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the corresponding biomarkers was observed. Focusing on non-smokers (n = 828), a significant but weak correlation was found in bivariate analyses (Spearman rank correlation coefficient: 0.178 (95% CI: 0.089-0.268) in females and 0.168 (95% CI: 0.063-0.273) in males. A multiple linear regression analysis similarly yielded evidence of a significant association between the highest intake category and adduct levels; however, explained variability was very small (R(2) = 0.08). Self-reported data concerning smoking behavior were highly valid, while self-reported food intake is apparently not as useful for estimating food-related acrylamide exposure.

Differences in hemoglobin adduct levels of acrylamide in the general population with respect to dietary intake, smoking habits and gender

The variation in dietary exposure to acrylamide (AA) has been studied through measurement of hemoglobin adduct levels from AA, as a measurement of internal dose, in a sample from the blood bank of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort ( n = 28,098). The blood donors are well characterised with regard to their food habits, and 142 individuals were selected to obtain highest possible variation in the adduct levels from AA (none, random or high intake of coffee, fried potato, crisp bread and snacks, food items estimated to have high levels of AA). Among 70 non-smokers the AA-adduct levels varied by a factor of 5, and ranged between 0.02 and 0.1 nmol/g, with considerable overlap in AA-adduct levels between the different dietary groups. There was a significant difference between men with high dietary exposure to AA compared to men with low dietary exposure ( P = 0.04). No such difference was found for women. As expected a higher level (range: 0.03–0.43 nmol/g) of the AA-adduct, due to AA in tobacco smoke, was found in smokers. Smoking women with high dietary exposure to AA had significantly higher AA-adduct levels compared to smoking women with low dietary exposure ( P = 0.01). No such significant difference was found in smoking men. The median hemoglobin (Hb) adduct level in the randomly selected group of non-smokers was compatible with earlier studies (0.031 nmol/g). The variation in the average internal dose, measured as Hb adducts, was somewhat smaller than estimated for daily intake by food consumption questionnaires in other studies. Thus, the observed relatively narrow inter-individual variation in AA-adduct levels means that estimates of individual dietary AA intake have to be very precise if they should be useful in future cancer epidemiology.