Acquisition Station Research Articles

Design and Application of Real‐Time and High‐Precision Seismic Acquisition Station in Antarctic Region

ABSTRACTIn this study, a polar seismic acquisition station based on the FPGA + ARM architecture was successfully developed. This system can achieve real‐time multifunctional acquisition and transmission of seismic signals and environmental information in the extreme low‐temperature environment of Antarctica at −40°C. The system adopts a modular design, with high‐precision data acquisition encoded by the main controller and uploaded to the host computer in real‐time. Integrated display controls enable real‐time data display and acquisition station location mapping for user interaction. We propose improving data transmission in traditional seismic acquisition stations by adopting a distributed computing model with data segment return. Integrating the first arrival picking algorithm as an IP core will reduce computational demands on the data processing center. This acquisition system features high precision (24‐bit), a wide dynamic range (> 130dB), low noise (0.5 V rms@40dB), and high‐precision timing control (200 ns). It supports real‐time wireless data transmission over 120 channels up to 1 km. The system also implements a self‐storage plus wired and wireless networking solution, allowing flexible networking based on actual needs. Test results indicate that the ice sheet thickness at the acquisition site is approximately 526.49 m, validating the experimental design's effectiveness and providing technical support for subsequent drilling and seismic exploration.

Quality in beans: tracking and tracing coffee through automation and machine learning

PurposeCoffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and the global coffee industry is worth over $100bn. However, the industry faces significant sustainability challenges. Developing a quality traceability system to select the coffee beans and to ensure their authentication would result in economic advantages, because it allows for fraud to be avoided and increases consumer confidence.Design/methodology/approachTraceability is one of the key elements of sustainability in the coffee sector. The literature reveals that near-infrared (NIR) approaches have a huge potential for gaining rapid information about the origin and properties of coffee beans, without invasive procedures. This study demonstrates the scalability potential of automated methods of manipulation and image acquisition of coffee beans, from experimental scale to industrial lines.FindingsA solution based on the interaction of a manipulation system, a NIR spectrometer acquisition station integrated with a machine learning infrastructure and a compressed air classifier allows for the automatic separation of coffee beans into different classes of origin.Originality/valueApart from traceability, the wide industrialization of this system offers further advantages, including reduced workforce, decreased subjectivity in the evaluation and the acquisition of real-time data for labeling.

Predicting power and solar energy using neural networks and PCA with meteorological parameters from Diass and Taïba Ndiaye

The excessive reliance on conventional fossil fuel-based resources poses a significant threat to our environment. To mitigate this impact, it has become increasingly crucial to increase the integration of intermittent and non-polluting energy sources into our electrical grids. However, while this higher penetration rate brings benefits such as improved producer satisfaction and reduced fossil fuel consumption, it also presents challenges for traditional non-smart electrical networks. To promote intermittent energy sources effectively and maintain a balance between consumption and production, accurate forecasting of these energy outputs plays a vital role. This research paper focuses on studying the application of artificial neural networks for predicting the power and energy output of the Diass solar power plant in the short and medium term. The proposed approach utilizes not only the meteorological data from the city where the power plant is located but also data from a nearby city with a data acquisition station. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to select the relevant variables for the prediction model. Furthermore, the results obtained from our approach are compared to existing literature that solely uses meteorological data from the power plant's location. The comparison shows that our method achieves more satisfactory results, with mean absolute errors and root mean square errors of 0.0223 KWh and 0.003 KWh, respectively, and a prediction accuracy of 94.57% in terms of energy and power. It is worth noting that the computational resource requirements for our approach are higher, with simulation times ranging between 1788 seconds and 2201 seconds. By utilizing a broader range of data sources and employing advanced techniques like artificial neural networks, this research contributes to improving the accuracy of solar power generation forecasts. The findings highlight the potential of incorporating additional data inputs and advanced modeling techniques to enhance the performance of renewable energy systems, paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient energy future.

The footbridge Jesípek – application of radar interferometry for dynamic response evaluation

Recent advances in radar systems have led to the development of radar interferometry (RI) methods for contactless vibration monitoring of large-scale structures, i.e. bridges, water tower reservoirs, and factory chimneys. Interferometric radars are devices capable to measure with 200 Hz sampling frequency and relative movement precision of 0.1 mm up to 0.01 mm. The major part of this paper describes an in-situ footbridge experiment near Hradec Králové. Radar interferometry devices were deployed along with ordinary techniques compounded by accelerometers, wiring, and acquisition station. Experiment was focused on the evaluation of basic dynamic structural properties such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A lot of attention was also given to the result comparison of these measurement methods. Test results have confirmed the applicability of RI for bridge vibration monitoring.

Policy Analysis of Biomass Recycling Supply Chain Considering Carbon and Pollution Emission Reduction—Taking China’s Straw Subsidy Policy for Example

In recent years, global environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect have become more and more serious. The utilization of biomass energy not only can promote low-carbon transformation to establish a competitive advantage through value creation under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality but is also an important force in solving environmental problems. Government subsidy policies play an important role in promoting the development of biomass energy utilization. Taking straw as an example, this paper constructs a straw recycling supply chain system dynamics model consisting of farmers, acquisition stations, power plants, and pyrolysis plants based on a real-world case. Two types of straw processing, namely power generation and pyrolysis, are considered in the model. This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of three subsidy policies, namely the unified rate policy, the linear growth policy, and a two-step policy, by comparing the profit, carbon, and pollution emission reduction benefits of the supply chain under different subsidy scenarios. The result shows that, among the three subsidy policies, the unified rate policy shows the best-promoting effect. The research results and policy implications in this paper could be a reference for governments trying to formulate subsidy policies for developing biomass energy utilization.

On control of spacecraft orientation to the ground data acquisition station

The article dwells on the spacecraft attitude control to point the onboard antenna to the ground data acquisition station during the communication session. Antenna is fixed relative to the spacecraft body. Pur-pose of the antenna is to receive the flight task aboard the spacecraft and to downlink the telemetry infor-mation. When orbiting, the spacecraft position relative to the ground data acquisition station changes contin-uously. It is due to the diurnal rotation of the Earth, spacecraft orbital motion and angular motion of the spacecraft relative to the center of mass under the impact of the disturbing and control moments. To tilt the spacecraft uses reaction wheels, installed in axes of coordinate system coupled with spacecraft center of mass. Electromagnets are used to unload the reaction wheels. The reaction wheels control law is suggested, which tilts the spacecraft to point the antenna to the ground data acquisition station. Mathematical model of the spacecraft dynamics relative to center of mass is given, using the suggested reaction wheels control law. The following external disturbing moments, acting on the spacecraft in flight, are taken into consideration: gravitational, magnetic, aerodynamic moments and solar radiation moment of forces. Dipole model of the magnetic field of the Earth is used to calculate the magnetic moments. Software was developed and space-craft dynamics was simulated on the personal computer with the specified initial data. Simulation initial con-ditions correspond to the attitude control mode of the spacecraft relative to the orbital coordinate system with the specified accuracy. Simulation results verify the applicability of the suggested reaction wheel control law. Key words: electrical axis of the antenna, mathematical model, coordinate system, transformation matrix, vector.

Framework for Posture and Face Recognition Using Kinect an Ambient-intelligence Method

This electronic document describes one of the first full open-source frameworks for posture and face detection and classification using Kinect sensors, based entirely on an open-sourced software platform. It has been designed with the possibility of automatic monitoring of either an elderly person who is situated in a closed space (a room with furniture, appliances, and other rigid objects), or a patient who suffers from a physiological disorder. It is also based on an original hardware platform (the AmI-Platform), which includes more Kinect sensors, data acquisition stations, and crunches (data servers). The articles tackle two of the most important issues for ambient intelligence: accurate determination of the person and his or her facial landmarks (to understand emotions) and fast and reliable posture determination (to take appropriate measures in case of an accident).

Hybrid Optimization Based Multi-Objective Path Planning Framework for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been touted as a cost-effective way to follow sensitive resources across wide areas. The extensive wireless sensor networks that UAVs travel through have allowed them to acquire exceptional amounts of data. The path planning of UAV operations in low-altitude urban environments is the main emphasis of this research. Regarding two objectives, namely journey distance and safety level, a Multi-Objective Path Planning (MOPP) framework is introduced. A unique hybrid optimization approach is used to optimally find the best flight path between adjacent acquisition stations based on these MOPPs. The conceptual fusion of traditional DHOA with WOA results in the suggested hybrid model known as Deer Hunter Updated Whale Optimization (DHUWO). Ultimately, the projected collision-free optimal path framework referred to Multi-Objective Path Planning with DHUWO (MOPP-DHUWO) model is compared over the existing models in terms of safety level and distance as well.

Combined blast and vibratory machines effect on in-service structures

Large cement storage towers are commonly exposed to both quarry production blasting and the excitations from vibratory plant. Several seismographs were placed in the quarry to monitor blast-induced vibrations in the vicinity of the cement plant. Moreover, two ultra-sensitive vibration acquisition stations were installed respectively, at the bottom and at the top of the cement storage tower. Both stations were synchronized allowing them to be set on the same time scale. An advanced processing procedure was adopted in order to separate the effect of each excitation (i.e. blasting and vibratory machines). The wall displacements/strains were then estimated at both ends of the tower. The frequencies associated with the vibratory machines showed a noticeable dominance comparing to the waves linked to the blasting activities and eventually higher than the natural frequency of the structure. Ultra-high excitation frequencies led to the amplification of the vibrations induced from the vibratory machine for both events. Vibrations from the production shots as well as those from the vibratory machines has been found to have minor effect on the structural integrity of the tower, with induced strains fall below the critical thresholds that may cause cracking within the tower’s walls.

VELOCITY LAYERING IN THE MIDDLE BENUE TROUGH NIGERIA USING SEISMIC REFRACTION DATA

Seismic refraction data was acquired in the Middle Benue Trough which is located in the north central Nigeria with latitude 07.5-08.5oN and longitude 08.00-09.30oE. The aim was to find out how velocity vary in the near-surface layers in the area using seismic refraction data. The seismic survey was investigated at 14 acquisition stations. Two overlapping reversed profiles were shot into 14 stations. Each acquisition station was primed with 0.20kg dynamite loaded at 1.5m below the surface. The recording equipment was McSeis-160MXTM, and monitor record was processed with Microsoft Excel software to determine the velocities from both the forward and reversed shot-points. The results show two distinct layers cases. The thickness of the topmost layer varies between 2.75m and 5.45m with a mean of 4.1m. The velocity of this topmost layer varies between 399.0 ms-1 and 767.0ms-1 with a mean of 604.8ms-1. The velocity of the underlying layer (V1) varies between 1212.5ms-1 and 3257.0ms-1 with a mean of 1757.9ms-1. The velocity increases with depth into the subsurface. The results are useful in locating groundwater aquifer, and in the design of source-receiver arrays for reflection seismic.

Prototyping of a concrete maturity sensor with a hermetically sealed housing made of two-component plastic

The construction industry, traditionally considered quite conservative, is now going through a marked change. With competition intensifying, companies have begun to gradually adopt various digital technologies to reduce construction costs, such as the wireless concrete monitoring sensors, which implement a temperature-strength monitoring method for concrete. Each device has its technological features, which are considered in the development of the concepts. Enclosure design is the most important stage of product development. An enclosure made in-house has many advantages and disadvantages. The most important part of the design of an electronic device enclosure is the preliminary research stage. This article presents features of wireless monitoring sensor enclosure design. A data acquisition station (DAS), also referred to in the network topology as a “gateway”, will be used to collect data from the wireless monitoring sensor over the selected protocol. The server application was created based on HTML, PHP, CSS, JavaScript. Testing of the wireless monitoring sensor, SDS, and the server application working together showed full functionality. A study is also given on the determination of concrete strength using the developed sensor according to the ASTM method and using the IPS MG 4.0 by GOST.

Mine Seismic Exploration Instrument Development and Application Based on £-Δ 24-Bit A/D Converter

In order to solve the problems of low resolution and poor detection accuracy of current mine seismic exploration instruments, this paper used the data acquisition station of the 24-bit £-ΔA/D converter and the NetBEUI LAN signal transmission protocol to design and develop a synchronization based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The instrument is a new generation of high-speed, high-resolution mine seismic equipment, and may be applied to geological structure exploration of coal underground channel wave seismic, underground two-dimensional seismic, transient multi-point Rayleigh wave and other seismic work methods. This paper used this instrument to carry out a joint exploration test of channel wave transmission and reflection on a mining face, and through analysis of the collected data, a total of 8 faults and 1 collapse column were delineated, which were confirmed in the later mining face and further verify the accuracy and practicability of the instrument in the safe and efficient mining of coal mines.

Design and implementation of the detection software of a wireless microseismic acquisition station based on the Android platform

Abstract. New energy acquisition devices are urgently required to address the increasing global energy consumption and increasing difficulty of energy exploitation. Devices for seismic exploration appear to be small in size, wireless and rapidly becoming more intelligent; hence, a traditional operating platform can no longer satisfy the demand of portable exploration device usage. This study investigates and develops hardware for a wireless microseismic acquisition station and then uses this hardware as a platform to address the distribution of wireless microseismic acquisition stations and deliver monitoring software based on the Android platform, which is portable, popular and has a large number of users. In large-scale field constructions, software can provide operators with visualised station layouts throughout the process, including positioning, ranging, angle measuring and network monitoring. It also offers a real-time network for monitoring small- and medium-sized microseismic acquisition station arrays under construction as well as other functions, such as intelligent control and real-time data monitoring of the status of the acquisition station. A drainage blast monitoring test is conducted on the system, showing positively monitored data and accurate results in the inverse operation. Moreover, the software and hardware are proven to be highly stable and portable through a post-construction test, which can help enhance the field construction efficiency.

Designing an Intelligent Control Philosophy in Reservoirs of Water Transfer Networks in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System Stations

In this paper, a hybrid neural-genetic fuzzy system is proposed to control the flow and height of water in the reservoirs of water transfer networks. These controls will avoid probable water wastes in the reservoirs and pressure drops in water distribution networks. The proposed approach combines the artificial neural network, genetic algorithm, and fuzzy inference system to improve the performance of the supervisory control and data acquisition stations through a new control philosophy for instruments and control valves in the reservoirs of the water transfer networks. First, a multi-core artificial neural network model, including a multi-layer perceptron and radial based function, is proposed to forecast the daily consumption of the water in a reservoir. A genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of the artificial neural networks. Then, the online height of water in the reservoir and the output of artificial neural networks are used as inputs of a fuzzy inference system to estimate the flow rate of the reservoir inlet. Finally, the estimated inlet flow is translated into the input valve position using a transform control unit supported by a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model. The proposed approach is applied in the Tehran water transfer network. The results of this study show that the usage of the proposed approach significantly reduces the deviation of the reservoir height from the desired levels.

In-situ marine gas hydrate production methane leaks electrical monitoring system

In the process of gas hydrate exploitation, methane leakage needs to be monitored in real time, so an in-situ electrical monitoring system for methane leakage is designed. The monitoring system is mainly composed of monitoring cable, acquisition station, power module and general control platform. According to the electrical principle, the system carries out regional monitoring on the seabed formation, forms the resistivity map, and realizes methane leakage monitoring. The cost of the monitoring system is low, and it can be remotely controlled or automatically collected data according to the preset program, so the system has good application and research value.

Influence of resistance butt welding thermal cycle on structure and properties of termomechanically rolled steel

In this article examination of structure and properties of resistance butt welded joints from S700MC high strength steel. 10 mm thick including recording welding thermal cycle recording are presented. The thermal cycle acquisition was performed on purpose build rig with a thermographic camera and a computer. The thermal fields acquisition station consisted of Varocam Head HR thermal camera and computer with Ibris 3 plus software, which enabled control of thermal camera parameters and saving of acquired on a local storage media. Aside from environmental parameters, such as temperature and humidity of surrounding, transmissivity of atmosphere equal to 1 and mean emissivity of steel surface of 0.9 were set. Noticeable impact of welding thermal cycle on strength and plastic properties was observed.

Development of a new centralized data acquisition system for seismic exploration

Abstract. Seismic exploration equipment has developed rapidly over the past few decades. One such piece of equipment is a centralized seismograph, which plays an important role in engineering, so improving its performance is of great scientific significance. In this research, the core part of general seismic-data acquisition devices is packaged to develop a centralized seismic-data acquisition system (named CUGB-CS48DAS) that has independent operating ability and high scalability, which can be used for seismic exploration in various engineering uses. Furthermore, by extending and modifying the acquisition circuit and corresponding software, the function of electrical method data acquisition has also been achieved. Thus, the proposed CUGB-CS48DAS makes it possible for joint exploration of seismic and electrical data in a single acquisition station, which is implicitly of great convenience in engineering prospecting as well as a solution to reduce the ambiguity problem. The low power-consumption computer of the system comprises a 24 bit Σ modulation A/D converter and 48 sampling channels with an optional sampling rate of 50 Hz to 64 kHz. With regard to the host computer, the architecture of the control software is smart, and it can integrate the multiple functions of data acquisition, preprocessing, and self-testing. To complete the networking ability and remote monitoring of this proposed system, the technology of the narrow-band internet of things (NB-IoT) was introduced and tested. Field experiments were implemented to prove that the system is stable and convenient to use, and the performance could meet the demand of high-precision joint exploration.

Low-Cost Data Acquisition Station for Microclimate Detection and Public Health Risks Management: A Case Study of Casablanca

the environmental data acquisition station is used to manage the public health and detection of a microclimate of a city for a broadcast processed high precision data for users. This research article is summarizing the applications of Electronics and GIS applications to health risks management due to air pollution, noise and microclimate change detection, to study the geography of urban health risks and environmental change in Casablanca, Morocco. acquisition of environmental and Climatological Data using sensor networks, results a new possibilities and advantages, of environmental data monitoring using electronic circuit with a broadcasting system via a technology with wireless transmitter. The main object of this research is to present a simple and rapid method to provide instant microclimate and environment data, which can be used to manage the public risks caused by pollution and environment changes. As the climate and environment conditions are variable from a place to place, it is difficult to get accurate climate and environment for a particular location in a city. With the advancement of technology, especially data acquisition systems, the problem of large set up area and cost has been reduced. The data acquisition station can be set up at any place and provide an accurate and instant climate and environment report to any citizen of the city. The report of the data acquisition system can be used by the users to choose the best place for them to live due to their diseases. In addition, these data can be collected in a GIS system to create a microclimate change and air pollution map of different zones in the city, predict the future climate, and air pollution of the city.

Hybrid Seismic-Electrical Data Acquisition Station Based on Cloud Technology and Green IoT

Traditional geophysical prospecting instruments cannot fulfill the requirements of deep energy prospecting. The instruments that measure single physical quantities, such as seismic and electrical instruments, have certain limitations. Moreover, the time period required for traditional instruments to collect, acquire, and process data is too long. To address these issues, a hybrid seismic-electrical data acquisition system based on cloud technology and green IoT was proposed and developed. A seismic analog acquisition circuit and an electrical analog acquisition circuit were designed, and the control module was designed and debugged. The system is equipped with a wireless module connected to a wireless-to-4G/5G module, which uploads the data collected by the hybrid seismic-electrical data acquisition station to the cloud platform. The background master control center completes the rapid processing of geophysical data using the robust storage and computing capabilities of the cloud. Meanwhile, it sends control commands to the cloud to control the acquisition system. This system has completed simultaneous prospecting of multiple physical quantities and achieved rapid monitoring through cloud technology. Finally, the system was used to perform fracture monitoring and a comparison of two mines in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. The monitoring results were satisfactory. Thus, the presented system can play a role in seismic-electrical prospecting, and can be applied to actual engineering endeavors quickly and reliably.

Development of a new distributed hybrid seismic and electrical data acquisition station based on system-on-a-programmable-chip technology

Abstract. In the past few decades, with the continuous advancement of technology, seismic and electrical instruments have developed rapidly. However, complex and harsh exploration environments led to higher requirements and severe challenges for traditional geophysical exploration methods and instruments. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to develop new high-precision exploration instruments and data acquisition systems. In this study, a new distributed seismic and electrical hybrid acquisition station is developed using system-on-a-programmable-chip (SoPC) technology. The acquisition station hardware includes an analog board and a main control board. The analog board uses a signal conditioning circuit and a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADS1271) to achieve high-precision data acquisition, while the main control board uses a low-power SoPC to enable high-speed stable data transmission. We designed the data transmission protocol for the acquisition station and developed independently an improved low-voltage differential signaling data transmission technology. What's more, a method to enhance the precision of synchronous acquisition was studied in depth. These key technologies, which were developed for the acquisition station, were integrated into the SoPC of the main control board. Test results indicate that the synchronization precision of the acquisition station is better than 200 ns, and the maximum low-power data transmission speed is 16 Mbps along a 55 m cable. The developed acquisition station has the advantages of low noise, large dynamic range, low power consumption, etc., and it can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic and electrical data.