Acquisition Law Research Articles

Local Governance and School-based Approaches to English Language Acquisition: A Comparative Analysis

In order to improve the effectiveness of English acquisition, it is necessary to discuss it in conjunction with local governance policies. Local governments should conduct an analysis of English acquisition from the aspects of policies, systems, and social participation. This paper puts forward three hypotheses: local policies and systems can improve the effectiveness of English learning, which are related. Public attention can promote the improvement of English acquisition effect and play a supervisory role; Laws and regulations can ensure the foundation of basic conditions for English acquisition and promote the improvement of school infrastructure. The results show that local policies and institutions are the conditions for improving English acquisition methods, social attention is the condition for verification, and school infrastructure is the key condition. Social issues, local policies and institutions all play an indirect role in promoting English language acquisition, while infrastructure plays a direct role. Therefore, local governments should improve English acquisition policies and systems, promote the introduction of English acquisition laws and regulations, and guide the public to supervise.

The Criticism of Land Procurement Law to Improve Landowners Welfare in Indonesia

The Indonesian Land Acquisition Law serves as a crucial legal instrument in facilitating national development. However, the implementation of this law often gives rise to criticism, particularly with regard to the welfare of landowners whose property is acquired for the public good. This article seeks to provide a critical analysis of the implementation of the Land Acquisition Law in Indonesia and its impact on the welfare of landowners. The methodology employed is a literature review that examines previous research, related legislation, and cases of land acquisition implementation. The findings indicate that, despite the law's objective of enhancing welfare through fair compensation, there are still shortcomings in its implementation that result in injustice to landowners.

ANALYZING THE SOCIO-LEGAL DYNAMICS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF LAND ACQUISITION IN BANGLADESH: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE WITH INDIAN LAWS AND GLOBAL BEST PRACTICES

Land acquisition has continued to be a major concern in Bangladesh, a densely populated country, because of the nation’s limited land resources and the value of land to people’s livelihoods. There is a great deal of hardship and discontent as a result of inadequate land acquisition and rehabilitation policies, which have left the displaced with insufficient compensation and rehabilitation. This article compares and contrasts the land acquisition laws of India and Bangladesh, taking a critical look at both countries’ current legal frameworks. Although recent legislation has been introduced in both countries, Bangladesh’s framework is insufficient to protect the rights and interests of affected landowners. The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Act 2017 of Bangladesh has also fallen short of international standards on the acquisition process. In order to support sustainable growth and protect landowners’ rights, this article argues for the creation of a transparent legal framework and prudent policies. Based on global experiences and best practices, the paper offers a series of suggestions to improve the process of acquisition and guarantee equitable treatment for all impacted parties. Recognising the critical role of land acquisition in Bangladesh’s development trajectory and its profound impact on the livelihoods of millions, this article underscores the urgency of reforming the existing land acquisition law. This analysis contributes to the ongoing discourse on land acquisition in Bangladesh with the objective to establish a more equitable balance between public interests and the rights of landowners, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.

Automated discovery of symbolic laws governing skill acquisition from naturally occurring data.

Skill acquisition is a key area of research in cognitive psychology as it encompasses multiple psychological processes. The laws discovered under experimental paradigms are controversial and lack generalizability. This paper aims to unearth the laws of skill learning from large-scale training log data. A two-stage algorithm was developed to tackle the issues of unobservable cognitive states and an algorithmic explosion in searching. A deep learning model is initially employed to determine the learner's cognitive state and assess the feature importance. Symbolic regression algorithms are then used to parse the neural network model into algebraic equations. Experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately restore preset laws within a noise range in continuous feedback settings. When applied to Lumosity training data, the method outperforms traditional and recent models in fitness terms. The study reveals two new forms of skill acquisition laws and reaffirms some previous findings.

JUSTICE OF COMPENSATION FOR APPROPRIATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF OPENING ROADS IN JORDANIAN LAW (A COMPARATIVE STUDY)

Objective: This study aims to define the concept of fair compensation, and how the Jordanian constitution gives the ordinary legislator the authority to determine the nature of fair compensation so that he may stipulate deducting part of the property free of charge, or did the constitutional legislator grant the ordinary legislator the authority to determine how to estimate the value of fair compensation as stated in Comparative legislation. Theoretical Framework: The study employs a theoretical framework rooted in distributive justice theory, particularly drawing upon the perspectives of Rawls, Nozick, and Sen, the study evaluates the principles underlying fair compensation and its practical application in legal systems. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study follows a comparative analytical descriptive approach in dealing with the position of comparative legislation on fair compensation in the first requirement, and we will devote the second requirement to the position of the Jordanian legislator on fair compensation stipulated in Jordanian legislation. Result: The results of the study showed that appropriation for the public benefit has become recognized in constitutions and comparative legislations, as these legislations have defined the procedures for obtaining real estate to be appropriated in order to achieve the public benefit, and these legislations also included the principle of the owner's right to receive fair compensation that compensates the damage caused as a result of appropriation. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study concluded that the legislations have differed in how to estimate fair compensation, some of which stipulate that the compensation must be complete without taking into account the impact of ownership on the remaining parts of the property and neighboring properties, and some of which introduced the concept of a free quarter such as the Jordanian law of ownership in the acquisitions of roads. This study came to show the fairness of the free quarter deduction in the acquisition of roads in the Jordanian acquisition law compared to what is applied in the comparative legislation. Originality/Value: The study provides original insights into the concept of fair compensation in Jordanian law, offering recommendations for legislative reforms to enhance distributive justice in expropriation cases.

JUSTICE OF COMPENSATION FOR APPROPRIATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF OPENING ROADS IN JORDANIAN LAW (A COMPARATIVE STUDY)

Objective: This study aims to define the concept of fair compensation, and how the Jordanian constitution gives the ordinary legislator the authority to determine the nature of fair compensation so that he may stipulate deducting part of the property free of charge, or did the constitutional legislator grant the ordinary legislator the authority to determine how to estimate the value of fair compensation as stated in Comparative legislation. Theoretical Framework: The study employs a theoretical framework rooted in distributive justice theory, particularly drawing upon the perspectives of Rawls, Nozick, and Sen, the study evaluates the principles underlying fair compensation and its practical application in legal systems. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study follows a comparative analytical descriptive approach in dealing with the position of comparative legislation on fair compensation in the first requirement, and we will devote the second requirement to the position of the Jordanian legislator on fair compensation stipulated in Jordanian legislation. Result: The results of the study showed that appropriation for the public benefit has become recognized in constitutions and comparative legislations, as these legislations have defined the procedures for obtaining real estate to be appropriated in order to achieve the public benefit, and these legislations also included the principle of the owner's right to receive fair compensation that compensates the damage caused as a result of appropriation. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study concluded that the legislations have differed in how to estimate fair compensation, some of which stipulate that the compensation must be complete without taking into account the impact of ownership on the remaining parts of the property and neighboring properties, and some of which introduced the concept of a free quarter such as the Jordanian law of ownership in the acquisitions of roads. This study came to show the fairness of the free quarter deduction in the acquisition of roads in the Jordanian acquisition law compared to what is applied in the comparative legislation. Originality/Value: The study provides original insights into the concept of fair compensation in Jordanian law, offering recommendations for legislative reforms to enhance distributive justice in expropriation cases.

Colonial laws, postcolonial infrastructures: Land acquisition, urban informality, and politics of infrastructural development in Pakistan

This article traces (dis)continuities in colonial logics across disjunctures of decolonisation and democratisation through a large infrastructure project in contemporary Lahore, Pakistan. Analysing Lahore’s Orange Line Metro Train, a project constructed under China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the article shows how colonial extractive and racial logics can limit the redistributive potential of typically inclusive infrastructures like mass transit by continuing to shape the conditions of their development and (re)producing precarious configurations of citizenship in the postcolony. It finds that Pakistan’s colonial-era land acquisition law erased a range of land relations and rights from recognition and thus compensation by the state. In an instance of informal policy making, the state eventually created an ad hoc ‘grant-in-aid’ scheme to compensate landowners in informal settlements. However, the scheme continued the property centric politics of recognition embedded in the expropriation law by only compensating people with long-term land claims. The public script of the scheme invoked welfare obligations of the state but structured these through moral-legal norms of property. The postcolonial state thus bypassed the transition from colonial subjects to citizens and instead repositioned people as humanitarian subjects. The article thus highlights the contradictions of developing subsidized public infrastructure in postcolonial cities, where construction becomes another conduit of imposing land commodification and disciplining pro-poor self-built neighbourhoods that have escaped the rigidity of private property.

Tracking the sun: exposing India’s solar dispossessions

ABSTRACT Utility-scale solar development in India has dispossessed peasants of land and livelihoods. Smallholders alienated from land have not been equitably remunerated, rehabilitated, nor offered employment at new solar parks. Yet it remains unclear which modalities of dispossession are used across solar sites. Drawing on mixed methods fieldwork from the Gujarat Solar Park and the Kurnool Solar Park, this study advances research on the processes of land dispossession by examining the following research questions: 1) Which constellation of actors and institutions facilitate land dispossession for solar development in India; 2) Through which modalities do these actors and institutions conduct solar-induced land dispossessions? We find actors and institutions behind solar park development in India function as agents of dispossession. Wielding coercive inscription devices that include land acquisition laws, wasteland categorizations and iterative titling, they seize peasant land in service of private and financial firms to underwrite the rollout of large-scale solar interventions.

Legal Consequences Arising from Non-Compliance in The Process of Mergers and Acquisitions of Technology Companies in Indonesia

The trend of mergers and acquisitions within technology companies is to strengthen their market positions, but the merger and acquisition process is not an easy one because it involves a number of complex, diverse legal procedures, and requires strict compliance. The Indonesian government has enacted many legal regulations related to mergers and acquisitions, yet many technology companies do not comply with existing laws. Law No. 5 of 1999 formed the basis for regulating the terms of mergers, consolidations and acquisitions in articles 28 and 29, Act No. 40 of 2007 on limited companies and Government Regulation No. 57 of 2010 on Mergers or Mergers of Enterprises and Acquisitions of Shares. This research is shown to better understand the legal consequences that will arise as a result of technology companies in Indonesia failing to comply with the law in the process of mergers and acquisitions. This research uses normative research methods with statue approaches and analytical conceptual approach. It was found that the development of merger and acquisition law rules in Indonesia has undergone development, changes and improvements especially in the notification and merger process. There are several procedures to be followed and anticipated by the company, when one of them is violated, then mergers and acquisitions cannot be carried out and are void by law.

Land Acquisition Laws and Displacement of Indigenous Communities

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between land acquisition laws and the displacement of indigenous communities, offering a detailed case study to illuminate the challenges and consequences faced by these marginalized groups. With an exploration of the legal framework, historical context, and real-world implications, this case study exposes the harsh realities that indigenous communities endure when their ancestral lands are earmarked for development projects. This research not only spotlights the multifaceted hardships they encounter but also presents potential solutions and policy recommendations to address this pressing issue.

Legal Clarification On The Use Of Basements In The Context Of Public Land Acquisition In Indonesia

Rapid urban growth and increasing infrastructure needs in Indonesia are driving an increasing need for basement use. Even so, significant legal challenges arise, especially with regard to rights to the crypt and conflict resolution mechanisms. The lack of clarity in the basic agrarian law and the law on Land Acquisition for the public interest creates the potential for conflict and social injustice in the procurement and use of basements. This study conducted a normative legal analysis of the agrarian Basic Law and the land acquisition law for the public interest, and evaluated how these laws operate in practice. Through a philosophical and analytical approach, the study considers the underlying legal principles and evaluates the effectiveness of existing regulation and enforcement. In seeking a solution to this challenge, the study considers a range of measures, including legal reform to provide further clarification on the right to a basement; development of effective and fair conflict resolution mechanisms; and increased protection of the rights and interests of landowners in the process of land acquisition. These solutions will be tailored to the local context and needs and involve the participation of all interested parties. This research seeks a deeper understanding of how laws operate in this context and evaluates whether existing laws are sufficient and effective in regulating these issues. The results of this study are expected to make an important contribution in formulating and updating legal regulations on the use of basements in the context of land acquisition for public use in Indonesia.

Actual Status of Law Application on Land Acquisition for Socio-Economic Development Purposes

Vietnamese law has regulations on land acquisition cases for socio-economic development for national and public benefits, limiting land acquisition cases according to the scale of each type of project that will be approved and deciding the investment and investment policy. However, certain realities still exist. Analysis and comparison are the main methods used in the study. The article aims to present the current situation and recommend improving the land acquisition law for socio-economic development.

The Legal Risks that Local Chinese Companies face when being Acquired by Foreign Multinational Companies and the Measure

With the comprehensive and in-depth development of reform and opening up in the last century, as well as since China's accession to the WTO in 2001, foreign multinational companies have aimed at China, accelerated the pace of entering our market. A large number of mergers and acquisitions of Chinese enterprises have penetrated into many industrial fields in China. International mergers and acquisitions have become one of the important ways for multinational companies to enter our market, and many enterprises in China have encountered or will encounter mergers and acquisitions by multinational companies. Due to the lack of specific and detailed laws and regulations in China, the lack of a systematic regulatory mechanism for foreign companies merging with Chinese companies, and the significant differences and gamesmanship between Chinese and foreign merger and acquisition laws, local Chinese companies are exposed to huge risks in the process of being merged by foreign companies. This paper uses legal analysis to explore the legal risks faced by Chinese enterprises in international M&A. It proposes ways to deal with the risks by improving M&A laws and anti-monopoly laws, creating a national brand protection system and actively implementing anti-malicious takeover measures.

Implications of the Deprivation of Land Rights in the Public Interest on Citizens' Property Rights

The purpose of writing this paper is to explain the regulations for implementing land acquisition for the public interest, which in writing this paper uses case studies on land acquisition for the new State Capital in East Kalimantan. Through writing this paper, the author tries to explain about the form and mechanism of compensation to the aggrieved party due to the occurrence of land acquisition based on Law no. 2 of 2012. The method used is normative juridical analysis. With the conclusion that the process of implementing land acquisition for public purposes is carried out by the Head of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency and the Head of the Land Office after receiving an assignment from the Head of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency with all duties and responsibilities starting from the implementation stage to the delivery of results with a term the time specified in the Land Acquisition Law for the public interest and its implementing regulations. 2. Assessment of the amount of compensation in the procurement of land for the public interest is carried out plot per plot of land, including: land, above-ground and underground space, buildings, plants, objects related to land, and other losses that can be assessed.

Research on the Application of Juvenile Psychological Development and Sports Acquisition Law System in Physical Education Teaching

Research on the Application of Juvenile Psychological Development and Sports Acquisition Law System in Physical Education Teaching

Legal Interpretation of Regulation Law No. 2 of 2012 Concerning Land Acquisition for Development in The Public Interest

Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest (Land Acquisition Law) has been a guideline for the government in conducting land acquisition for more or less 10 years. In the Land Acquisition Law, land allotment for development in the public interest does not include mining as a part of development in the public interest This research aims to analyze and understand the Legal Interpretation of Regulation Law No. 2 of 2012 Concerning Land Acquisition for Development in The Public Interest. The method of this research is library research as a research in literature or an activity to compile information relevant to topic or object of research and received from books, scientific paper, thesis, dissertation, encyclopedia, internet and other resources. The research shows the result is To ensure the availability of land for public interest by taking into account the balance between the interests of development and the interests of the community.

Aspek Keadilan Pengaturan Pemberian Ganti Rugi dalam Pengadaan Tanah untuk Pembangunan bagi Kepentingan Umum

The demand for land in the context of public-interest development is growing, but the supply of land is limited. Fairness and compensation mechanisms are usually challenging in the purchase of property for public use. The goal of this research is to look at the rule's fairness elements as well as the method for awarding compensation in the purchase of property for public development. This study is normative and prescriptive, with a regulatory and conceptual approach. The study's findings revealed that a) the fairness aspect in the regulation of land acquisition for development in the public interest must provide a guarantee of proper replacement, as stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, Indonesian Assessment Standard 204, and other land acquisition laws and regulations. And b) the compensation mechanism is implemented when the assessment is finished by the Indonesian Assessment Standard 204, Law Number 11 of 2020 about Job Creation, discussions, and validation activities. The payment can be made in Rupiah, as agreed upon by the Land Acquisition Committee and the community, and then transferred to a bank account designated by the government.
 Keywords: Indemnity; Land Acquisition; Public Interest Development

International takeover laws and corporate cash holdings

AbstractWe examine the impact on corporate cash holdings of international merger and acquisition (M&A) laws, which facilitate corporate takeovers. We use the staggered enactment of M&A laws from 1992 to 2005 and a sample spanning 34 jurisdictions, and find that levels of corporate cash holdings increase after passage of M&A laws. We also find that firms with better operating performance, higher earnings volatility, higher P/E ratio, and in jurisdictions with high M&A intensity hoard more cash after the enactment of M&A laws. These firms decrease dividends and capital expenditure and increase cash‐based acquisitions in the post‐M&A law period. Additional analysis shows that the effect is manifested in the subsample of firms in jurisdictions with better institutional environments. Lastly, we find that investor valuations of cash holdings decrease after the enactment of M&A laws. Collectively, our results suggest that managers hoard cash to finance M&A activities after the enactment of M&A laws, driven by the motive of empire‐building, and that cash hoarding behaviors are viewed by investors as value‐decreasing.

Aspek Keadilan Pengaturan Pemberian Ganti Rugi dalam Pengadaan Tanah untuk Pembangunan bagi Kepentingan Umum

The demand for land in the context of public-interest development is growing, but the supply of land is limited. Fairness and compensation mechanisms are usually challenging in the purchase of property for public use. The goal of this research is to look at the rule's fairness elements as well as the method for awarding compensation in the purchase of property for public development. This study is normative and prescriptive, with a regulatory and conceptual approach. The study's findings revealed that a) the fairness aspect in the regulation of land acquisition for development in the public interest must provide a guarantee of proper replacement, as stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, Indonesian Assessment Standard 204, and other land acquisition laws and regulations. And b) the compensation mechanism is implemented when the assessment is finished by the Indonesian Assessment Standard 204, Law Number 11 of 2020 about Job Creation, discussions, and validation activities. The payment can be made in Rupiah, as agreed upon by the Land Acquisition Committee and the community, and then transferred to a bank account designated by the government.

History and Growth of Merger and Acquisition

Almost all management students have taken an interest in the topic of mergers and acquisitions. In an effort to delve deeply into the phenomena of mergers, amalgamations, acquisitions, and takeovers, this study aims to provide its findings. This research aims to examine the development and evolution of merger and acquisition law. Changes in India's Economy Due to Global Developments Trends in Mergers and Acquisitions: Lessons from India Mergers and acquisitions have contributed to a greater degree of internationalization of the global economy, which is one of the most crucial factors in the present situation.