Acid Medicines Research Articles

The Antioxidant Properties, Metabolism, Application and Mechanism of Ferulic Acid in Medicine, Food, Cosmetics, Livestock and Poultry.

Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous ingredient in cereals, vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicines. Due to the ferulic phenolic nucleus coupled to an extended side chain, it readily forms a resonant-stable phenoxy radical, which explains its potent antioxidant potential. In addition, it also plays an important role in anti-cancer, pro-angiogenesis, anti-thrombosis, neuroprotection, food preservation, anti-aging, and improving the antioxidant performance of livestock and poultry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structure, mechanism of antioxidation, application status, molecular mechanism of pharmacological activity, existing problems, and application prospects of ferulic acid and its derivatives. The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for the utilization of ferulic acid in medicine, food, cosmetics, livestock, and poultry.

The German-American physician and philologist Achilles Rose (1839-1916), the grand Philhellene

Achilles Rose, a German-American physician of the late 19th century, became famous for his persistent global struggle to promote the Hellenic language as the official language in medicine and science in general. Having studied in Zurich, Jena, and New York, he became a general practice physician. His most well-known medical treatise was “The Carbonic Acid in Medicine”, and he was the author of various works celebrating the Greeks and their vivid language. The Medical Society of Athens elected him as a member of a committee for such a purpose. Although Latin appeared to have won this linguistic battle, Hellenic terms eventually conquered international nomenclature. Greece must not forget this valiant Philhellene.

Biomedical Applications of Lauric Acid: A Narrative Review.

Lauric acid, a major component of coconut oil, has been studied for its various health benefits over the years. Lauric acid is a medium-chained fatty acid with several potential biomedical applications based on its antimicrobial action, capacity for drug delivery, tissue engineering scaffolds, and cleansing capabilities. Various studies are carried out in vitro and in vivo using experimental animals, such as rats, shedding light on the efficacy of lauric acid. The studies related to lauric acid were brought under one umbrella and emphasized the need for further research to explore the efficacy of lauric acid in human health. This review aims to scientifically assess the reported data and present a narrative review on lauric acid in medicine.

Development of a Quantitative Determination Technique for Ascorbic Acid in Medicines

Development of a Quantitative Determination Technique for Ascorbic Acid in Medicines

Bioenzyme-induced molecularly imprinted polymers using optimal design of computational chemistry for enhanced specific electrochemical sensing of protocatechuic acid in medicines

The sensitive and selective determination of the active ingredient in medicines has become an inescapable challenge in the sensing field. With the concerns above, an electrochemical sensor has been designed based on theoretically optimized bioenzyme-induced molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the specific determination of protocatechuic acid (PA) for the first time. In detail, the LaFeO3 nanosphere is employed as the carrier to support bovine hemoglobin (BHb) and biomimetic enzyme Au nanoparticles, which can decompose hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals. These hydroxyl radicals can initiate polymerization to afford the optimized MIPs. More importantly, density functional theory based on computational chemistry is utilized to deduce the optimal functional monomer, resulting in the best recognition effect. Subsequently, the pre-fabricated electrochemical sensor based on LaFeO3 @Au@BHb-MIPs could achieve the specific determination of PA with a wide linear detection range of 0.2 μM to 1000 μM and the limit of detection of 55 nM. Meanwhile, the specific recognition of PA in traditional Chinese medicines such as hibiscus has been also accomplished with satisfactory recoveries, foreboding that the LaFeO3 @Au@BHb-MIPs is indeed a suitable candidate for monitoring medication safety.

Chemo-physical Properties and Biomedical Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Medicine

Hyaluronic acid is a mucopolysaccharide encountered in most body fluids and extracellular matrix. The aim of our review is to summarize current evidence about chemico-physical properties of hyaluronic acid, highlighting biomedical applications of hyaluronan derivatives. It is a glycosaminoglycan made of repeating disaccharide units containing a carboxylate group, four hydroxyl groups and one carboxylate group, with hydrophilic properties. Its particular structure with multiple coils forming an entangled network results in unique pseudoplastic and viscoelastic characteristics. Its viscous and elastic behavior, depending on the applied strain, makes hyaluronan widely applicable in biomedical field. The large amount of functions and applications is determined by the physico-chemical properties, which allows a polymorphism of the hyaluronic acid structures depending on the molecular weight variations, concentration and ionic status. It is currently used in ophthalmology, orthopedics and rheumatology, in plastic surgery, surgery and otolaryngology as well. Already widely used in clinical practice, hyaluronic acid proves to be often the best solution for difficult medical problems. Future developments in nanomedicine and drug delivery linked to hyaluronic acid are emerging.

Determination of ethylene glycol bis (2-aminoethyl) ether-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid in medicine using high performance liquid chromatography

A method was developed for the determination of ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl) ether-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of EGTA can be determined by that of EGTA-Cu through the complexation between EGTA and Cu2+. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Ultimate-AQ C18 analytical column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using the mobile phase of acetonitrile-ion-pairing reagents (with 0.3% tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide in mass fraction adjusted to pH 6.50 using acetate)-buffered saline (35 mmol/L sodium acetate of pH 6.50) (20:20:60, v/v/v). The chromatographic conditions were as follows: flow rate, 1.50 mL/min; detection wavelength, 245 nm; injection volume, 100 µL; column temperature, 40 °C. Under the conditions, good linear relationships between the mass concentration and the peak area of EGTA were observed in the range of 0.10-15.00 mg/L (R = 0.9998). The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limit of quantitation (LOQ, S/N = 10) were determined as 0.05 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.34%-99.03% with the RSDs of 1.08%-3.33% (n = 9). The results showed that the developed method is sensitive, accurate, reproducible and suitable for the analysis of EGTA in medicine.

Ternary complexes DNA–polyethylenimine–Fe(iii) with linear and branched polycations: implications on condensation, size, charge and in vitro biocompatibility

The successful use of nucleic acids in medicine requires efficient DNA condensation and protection, as well as a low cytotoxicity of the vector. In previous work, we have used a ternary DNA–PEI–Fe(III) complex and have shown that the addition of Fe(III) to the DNA–PEI complexes enhances DNA condensation, whereas allows an easier DNA release from the complexes, in the presence of a decompacting agent. The focus of the present work was to investigate the influence of the polycation architecture on the DNA–PEI–Fe(III) ternary system, and also to develop a potential gene delivery system with reduced toxicity. Herein, lPEI (2.5 and 25 kDa) and bPEI (1.2 and 10 kDa) were used in conjunction with Fe(III), and the complexes formed were physico-chemically characterized using precipitation and gel electrophoresis assays, and size and zeta potential determinations. It was observed that the addition of Fe(III) ions equalizes the charge ratios for the onset of DNA condensation irrespective of the PEI used, although a more pronounced condensation effect is still visible with the polycations with a lower Mw. At low N/P ratios, the presence of Fe(III) caused the zeta potential to change from negative to positive values. Also, a reduction in polyplex size is visible before aggregation takes place. The hemolytic activity of the condensing agents was found to be dependent on the pH of the medium, but no perturbation of erythrocytes integrity was detected. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of each condensing agent individually and of the complexes towards 3T3 fibroblast cell line and HeLa cell line was monitored using the MTT and LDH assays. The magnitude of the cytotoxic effects of the polycations and Fe(III) was found to be dependent on the concentration of the condensing agents, the molecular weight of the polycations, and the pH of the culture medium. The combination of Fe(III) with PEI determines higher IC50 values than in the absence of the metal ion. Additionally, a lower cytotoxicity of DNA–PEI–Fe(III) complexes was observed, when compared to native PEI–DNA complexes, at the same degree of condensation and values of zeta potential. The results show that Fe(III) reinforces the DNA–PEI condensation in both PEI architectures. It allows the cytotoxicity of PEIs to be mitigated and the concentration of the latter needed to obtain stable polyplexes to be decreased.

Potential Applications of Antimicrobial Fatty Acids in Medicine, Agriculture and Other Industries

The antimicrobial effects of free fatty acids are well recognised and these compounds can prevent the growth of or directly kill bacteria, fungi and other microbes by affecting multiple cellular targets, including the cell membrane and components found therein. Moreover, fatty acids exert detrimental effects on microbial pathogens by interfering with mechanisms of virulence, such as preventing biofilm formation and inhibiting the production of toxins and enzymes. The antimicrobial properties of free fatty acids can be exploited for the preservation of perishable products, such as food and cosmetics, and for the prevention and treatment of infections. These safe natural products are particularly useful in circumstances where antimicrobial activity is required but where the use of conventional antibiotics is undesirable or forbidden. This review focuses on the most promising prospects for exploiting the antimicrobial properties of free fatty acids for applications in various industries. The benefits of using fatty acids as antimicrobial agents are discussed and relevant recent patents are highlighted.

Progress in Synthesis and Application of Polyhydroxyl Terephthalic Acid

The applications of polyhydroxyl terephthalic acids in medicines and functional materials have captured much research attentions.This article reviews the synthesis and application of four typical chemicals with utmost importance and value.The preparation process of polyhydroxyl terephthalic acid substances through Koble-Schmitt reaction with phenol-type substances as starting materials has advantages such as simple operation,low production cost and environment benign,and so on.

Peptide- and polymer-based delivery of therapeutic RNA

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and other synthetic RNA molecules are the new hope in the field of therapeutic gene modulation. The successful use of these nucleic acids in medicine requires efficient delivery of the RNA into the right compartment of the target cells, which in most applications is the cytosol. For this purpose the therapeutic RNA can be assembled with polymers and peptides into nanoparticles of virus-like dimensions. Such synthetic virus-like nanosystems have to be dynamic in their characteristics to be most effective at the different steps of extracellular and intracellular delivery. They must protect the siRNA from degradation in the bloodstream and shield against unspecific interactions, they should facilitate specific targeting and uptake into the diseased cell and triggered release into the cytosol. Current strategies to develop targeted dynamic polymer-based carriers for effective delivery of therapeutic RNA are discussed.

Meldola's Blue Immobilized on a SiO2/SnO2/Phosphate Xerogel, a New Sensor for Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Medicine and Commercial Fruit Juice

AbstractA modified carbon paste electrode with SiO2/SnO2/Phosphate/Meldola's blue, SSPMelB, was used to study the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The adsorbed dye mediates ascorbic acid oxidation at an anodic potential of 0.04 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) at pH 7.0, in 0.5 mol L−1 solution. The linear range of the sensor is between 4.0×10−7 and 2.0×10−3 mol L−1, with a limit of detection of 4.0×10−7 mol L−1. This novel electrode shows good analytical performance for determination of ascorbic acid in medicine and commercial fruit juice.

Uso de scanner em espectrofotometria de absorção molecular: aplicação em experimento didático enfocando a determinação de ácido ascórbico

Quantitative analysis of colored substances is generally performed using a spectrophotometer for detection of radiation. However, the combination of digital images and mathematical conversion of colors is an alternative for quantitative procedures based on colored chemical reactions. This work proposes a didactic experiment using a scanner for determination of ascorbic acid in medicines based on the formation of the Prussian blue complex. Results were in good agreement with a conventional spectrophotometer method and the procedure is attractive for instrumental analysis undergraduate courses.

The use of a fibre based on a polyanhydrouronic acid in medicine

It was known previously that salts of the polyanhydrouronic acid obtained from native cellulose are resorbed in the organism during different times.

A case of poisoning by hydrocyanic acid successfully treated by the carbonate of ammonia; with observations on the medico-legal relations of this poison, and the mode of detecting the impurities which the medicinal acid occasionally includes, &c

A case of poisoning by hydrocyanic acid successfully treated by the carbonate of ammonia; with observations on the medico-legal relations of this poison, and the mode of detecting the impurities which the medicinal acid occasionally includes, &c