Acid Mist Research Articles

Comparing the Two Methods of Ion Chromatography and Titration in Evaluating the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid Mist and Vapor in the General Air of the Electrolysis Unit of the Copper Production Industry

Comparing the Two Methods of Ion Chromatography and Titration in Evaluating the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid Mist and Vapor in the General Air of the Electrolysis Unit of the Copper Production Industry

Emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter during the production of solid waste-based sulfoaluminate cement: Compositions, heavy metals, and preparation impacts

Recycling solid waste for preparing sulfoaluminate cementitious materials (SACM) represents a promising approach for low-carbon development. There are drastic physical-chemical reactions during SACM calcination. However, there is a lack of research on the flue gas pollutants emissions from this process. Condensable particulate matter (CPM) has been found to constitute the majority of the primary PM emitted from various fuel combustion. In this study, the emission characteristics of CPM during the calcination of SACM were determined using tests in both a real-operated kiln and laboratory experiments. The mass concentration of CPM reached 96.6 mg/Nm3 and occupied 87% of total PM emission from the SACM kiln. Additionally, the mass proportion of SO42− in the CPM reached 93.8%, thus indicating that large quantities of sulfuric acid mist or SO3 were emitted. CaSO4 was one key component for the formation of main mineral ye'elimite (3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4), and its decomposition probably led to the high SO42− emission. Furthermore, the use of CaSO4 as a calcium source led to SO42− emission factor much higher than conventional calcium sources. Higher calcination temperature and more residence time also increased SO42− emission. The most abundant heavy metal in kiln flue gas and CPM was Zn. However, the total condensation ratio of heavy metals detected was only 40.5%. CPM particles with diameters below 2.5 μm and 4–20 μm were both clearly observed, and components such as Na2SO4 and NaCl were conformed. This work contributes to the understanding of CPM emissions and the establishment of pollutant reduction strategies for waste collaborative disposal in cement industry.

Pilot-Scale Experimental Investigation on Dry Capture of Mercury and SO3 in Smelting Gas of Acid Making.

In this study, a novel dry capture process utilizing a mixed adsorbent of ZnO and CuS was proposed for the simultaneous removal of Hg0 and SO3 in flue gas from zinc smelting, addressing severe mercury pollution and high SO3 concentrations. The experimental results showed that flue gas cooling caused the SO3 to transform into sulfuric acid mist, which changed the reaction mechanism from a gas-solid to a liquid-solid reaction and helped to improve the SO3 removal efficiency. Additionally, properly increasing the absorbent/SO3 molar ratio significantly improved the SO3 removal performance. However, excessive absorbent injection could cause aggregation and uneven dispersion of the absorbent particles in the flue gas, therefore impairing the effectiveness of SO3 capture. Under typical operating conditions (flue gas flow rate of 3500 m3/h, flue gas temperature of 180 °C, ZnO/SO3 molar ratio of 0.74, and residence time of 0.5 s), using a mixed absorbent of ZnO and CuS achieved an SO3 removal efficiency of up to 32.6%, and a total mercury capture at 43.2%, of which the Hg0 removal attained a remarkable 76.3%. These results preliminarily confirm the feasibility of the dry capture technology for simultaneous removal of SO3 and mercury, laying the foundation for further application and promotion.

Optimization and Performance Evaluation of an Atomized Acid System for the Expansion of Carbonate Gas Injection

The conventional liquid acid has several shortcomings in the acidizing process of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, including high filtration loss, fast reaction rate, high friction resistance, and difficult flowback. To address these issues, a new atomizing acid acidizing technology is proposed, combining the gas injection development practice from the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir in the Tahe oilfield. The laboratory experiments were conducted to optimize the type and concentration of atomized acid, iron ion stabilizer, corrosion inhibitor, and atomization stabilizer. The acid atomization rate was evaluated under different combinations of gas and liquid injection flows using a self-made atomized acid well migration simulator, and the best atomization scheme was selected. Furthermore, a kinetic experiment for the acid–rock reaction was carried out to evaluate the retarding performance of the atomized acid. The optimized formula for the atomizing acid system consists of 15~25% hydrochloric acid, 0.005% atomizing stabilizer (AEO-7), 1% iron ion stabilizer (EET), 1.5% corrosion inhibitor (EEH-160), and water. The optimal gas and acid injection scheme is gas injection at 2m3/min and acid injection at 10 mL/min, which maintains an atomization rate of over 80% after the acid mist migrates through the wellbore. Compared with gelling acid, the acid–rock reaction rate of atomized acid is 8.5, 9.1, and 10.6 times slower under acid concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively. The retarding effect of atomized acid is superior, facilitating etching and initiating underdeveloped gas drive channels and thereby increasing the probability of gas communication with new reservoirs. The research findings presented in this paper establish a theoretical foundation for the practical implementation of the atomized acid acidizing process in the field.

Study on Multi-Pollutant Test and Performance Index Determination of Wet Electrostatic Precipitator

A wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) is typically installed downstream of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) to remove fine particles and sulfuric acid mists from flue gases in coal-fired power plants. The emission reduction characteristics of multiple pollutants and the energy consumption data of 214 sets of WESPs (94 sets of metal plate WESPs, 111 sets of conductive Fiber Reinforced Plastic WESPs, and 9 sets of flexible plate WESPs) were tested and analyzed, and the results showed that: WESPs had a high removal efficiency on PM, PM2.5, SO3, droplets and Hg, and mostly concentrated in ≥75%, ≥70%, ≥60%, ≥70% and ≥40%, respectively. The outlet pollutant concentrations were mostly concentrated in ≤5 mg/m3, ≤3 mg/m3, ≤5 mg/m3, ≤15 mg/m3 and ≤5 μg/m3, respectively. Specific power consumption and specific water consumption were concentrated in the range of 0.5~2.5 × 10−4 kWh/m3 and ≤10 × 10−6 t/m3. The correlation analysis of multiple pollutant’s removal performance was studied and the quantitative evaluation index requirements of high efficiency WESPs were determined in this paper. The high efficiency indexes of WESPs, such as PM emission concentration, SO3 emission concentration, PM removal efficiency, SO3 removal efficiency, pressure drop, air leakage rate and specific power consumption, were ≤2.50 mg/m3, ≤2.50 mg/m3, ≥90%, ≥85%, ≤200 Pa, ≤0.5% and ≤1.3 × 10−4 kWh/m3, respectively. The high efficiency indexes of specific water consumption for metal plate WESPs and FRP WESPs were ≤2.50 and ≤0.66 × 10−6 t/m3, respectively. This study can provide valuable reference for the following energy conservation and efficiency improvement of ultra-low emission units.

Corrosion behavior of carbon steel covered with a coating film containing metallic compounds under a sulfuric acid mist environment containing chloride

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of carbon steel covered with coating films containing Al2(SO4)3, CaO, and BaO was examined under a sulfuric acid mist environment containing chloride. CaSO4･2H2O and BaSO4 were formed as the corrosion products in the coating film and prevented the penetration of corrosives, in particular BaSO4 was highly effective. Furthermore, the rust layer containing CaCO3 adhered to the carbon steel substrate suppressed the penetration of chloride. The formation of these corrosion products suppressed the anodic reaction, resulting in higher corrosion resistance of the carbon steel in the chloride‐containing acid environment.

SO3/sulfuric acid mist removal in simulated flue gas: Multi-factor study based on two-film theory mass transfer process

SO3/sulfuric acid mist is a strongly irritating pollutant presented in small quantities in flue gas, which poses a major threat to the power plants operation and atmospheric environment. In this study, SO3/sulfuric acid mist at different positions and after different spraying time of the small desulfurization tower were extracted and absorbed by isopropanol solution, and the SO42- concentration was detected by barium-thorium titration. Then the SO3/sulfuric acid mist mass transfer model in desulfurization process was constructed on the basis of two-film theory to investigate the effects of different tower structures, spraying time and operating conditions on SO3/sulfuric acid mist removal in desulfurization tower. The results showed that the tower structures had the greatest influence on SO3/sulfuric acid mist removal, and the highest SO3/sulfuric acid mist removal efficiency was achieved after the spraying time of 0–20 min and at the flue gas distribution plate. Moreover, according to the results of SO3/sulfuric acid mist mass transfer model, SO3 removing process was not controlled by solid dissolution instead of by gas–liquid film turning to gas film with flue gas residence time running in the tower. The model results also showed that SO3 removing process was controlled by gas film for a very short period then turning to gas–liquid film immediately with spraying time accumulating in a specific tower position. Besides, it showed the increase of NH3 concentration and spraying flow rate promoted the SO3/sulfuric acid mist removal, and the increase of SO2 concentration and slurry temperature inhibited the SO3/sulfuric acid mist removal.

Long-term behavior of prestressed concrete industrial buildings in chloride-based industrial environments

Combined with the main corrosive mediums existing in chloride-based industrial environments, the corrosion mechanisms of concrete and prestressing tendons are expounded, and the strength degradation law of concrete characterized by “acidification depth” with pH value and the equivalent constitutive model of prestressing wires considering stress corrosion are proposed. Taking the prestressed concrete industrial bent frame in the hydrochloric acid mist corrosion environment as a research object, the failure modes of the structural system are determined based on the elastic analysis method, and the stochastic finite element simulation is used to analyze the load effect and resistance stochastic process of the whole structure and key components. The deterioration process of load resistance and serviceability of the structure in the actual industrial environment are explored. Based on the reliability theory, the long-term behaviors of the structure under the combined action of environmental corrosion and load are studied, and the time-variant failure probabilities of the main components are calculated. The results indicate that the expected service life obtained by taking the ultimate limit state of bearing capacity as the failure criterion is more accurate for actual industrial buildings, and the concentration of environmental aggressive agents exerts a significant influence on the durability and safety of key components. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid mist is 30 mg/m³, the expected life of the RC bent columns aligns well with the design service life of 50 years, while the expected life of PC crane beams is only approximately 21 years, which is much lower than the design service life, PC crane beams are more sensitive to the various of concentration of the aggressive agents than reinforced concrete columns.

Study on the competitive absorption between complex components in flue gas and SO3 by alkaline absorbent

SO3 in coal-fired flue gas will cause equipment corrosion and the emission of sulfuric acid mist. The complex component in the flue gas will affect the performance of alkaline absorbent. In this study, a fixed bed reactor was used to evaluate the absorption performance of SO3 by a variety of absorbents. Then, on this basis, the competition between SO3 and SO2, SO3 and HCl were studied by the fixed bed reactor. The effect of oxygen on the competitive absorption of SO3 and SO2 by absorbents was also investigated. Further, when SO2, HCl and SO3 existed simultaneously, the competitive reactions between multiple gases were investigated. The influence of SO2 and HCl on SO3 absorption was evaluated. Carbonate absorbents had stronger absorption capacity than other absorbents. In the adsorption process of SO3 by Na2CO3, the presence of SO2 inhibited the absorption of SO3 by Na2CO3, and oxygen oxidized Na2SO3 to produce Na2SO4, which affected the reaction between SO3 and Na2CO3.There was strong competition between SO3 and SO2. In the process of SO3 adsorption by Na2CO3, the presence of HCl had an inhibitory effect on the absorption of SO3, SO3 could significantly inhibit the absorption of HCl. When SO2, HCl and SO3 existed simultaneously, SO2 had a stronger influence on the adsorption of SO3 by Na2CO3 and the presence of HCl had little inhibition on the absorption of SO3 by Na2CO3. The inhibition effect of SO2 on SO3 and the inhibition of HCl on SO3 did not accumulate.

An environmentally friendly and high current efficiency acid mist inhibitor for zinc electrowinning

Acid mist inhibitor is an effective additive for suppressing the generation of acid mist during electrowinning process. However, the traditional acid mist inhibitor has a low current efficiency, leading to high energy consumption. Thus, novel acid mist inhibitors are crucial for the development of the electrowinning industry. In this paper, three new acid mist inhibitors (Famigo® FS-101, Famigo® FS-301, and Famigo® FS-401) are used in zinc electrowinning process, while the mechanism of action in suppressing the generation of acid mist is characterized by the volume of bubble attached on the cathode surface and surface tension. The impacts of the concentration of the acid mist inhibitors on the bath voltage, current efficiency, power consumption, and electrochemical properties, as well as the enhancement mechanism on the current efficiency, are studied. The obtained results demonstrate that an adequate concentration of Famigo®FS-101, Famigo®FS-301, and Famigo®FS-401 allows to increase the cathode current efficiency and decrease the energy consumption, from 3219 kWh t−1 in zinc electrolyzer to 2948 kWh t−1, 3090 kWh t−1, and 2884 kWh t−1 using a concentration of 5 mg l−1 of Famigo®FS-101, Famigo®FS-301, and Famigo®FS-401, respectively. The proposed inhibitors have high acid mist inhibition efficiency and current efficiency in the zinc electrowinning process. Furthermore, if engineered, they may contribute to the development of the electroposition industry.

#3351 TRIAL OF ISOLATED HAEMODIALYSIS WITH PATIENT-ENTRY TENT AND HYPOCHLORITE MIST

Abstract Background and Aims The global spread of COVID-19 has posed a serious threat to patients receiving renal replacement therapy and to the staff who treat them. Every time they treat a patient or operate a machine, they have to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). In order to reduce the burden on our staff, we have introduced two pieces of equipment. One is a hypochlorous acid mist for room and surface disinfection using CLFine®. The other is an AIR ZIPPER® patient isolation tent in the existing isolation room. Both products were manufactured by Nipro Corporation of Osaka, Japan. However, there was no evidence to support the use of hypochlorous acid in an ultrasonic humidifier. Therefore, Nipro Corporation conducted a “28-day repeated inhalation toxicity study” on rats with a third party organisation and confirmed the results as toxicologically safe. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, also in the school environmental health, the concentration of chlorine in the air is 0.5 ppm or less (8 hours/day, 5 days/week or less). CL Fine® has shown an antiviral effect within these regulations. The size of the AIR ZIPPER® is about a fifth of the standard 10m3 size, down to about 2m3. Powerful, high-efficiency particulate air filter pumps have been fitted to replace the air in the tent in less than 5 minutes at low flow rates (0.4 m3/min airflow), enabling it to operate below the negative pressure standard of 2.5 Pascal. In addition, the AIR ZIPPER® is equipped with air intake valves that open and close in a single direction towards the inside of the tent. Prior to the introduction of the AIR ZIPPER®, staff had to wear PPE with an N95 mask when operating the machine, puncturing and returning blood to the patient. Method Patients with a fever or who have been in contact with COVID-19 patients and infected patients were asked to enter the AIRZIPPER®. The haemodialysis machine is placed outside. The zipper of the AIRZIPPER® could not be closed until the puncture procedure had been completed. To reduce the spread of viruses outside the tent, the high air volume (air flow rate 0.9 m3/min) allows a one-way air flow from the outside to the inside. Following the puncture, the tent zipper was sealed and the air pressure was adjusted to reach the recommended negative pressure of 2.5 Pa and above within 1 minute. Furthermore, the hypochlorous acid mist with CLFine® has the ability to disinfect viruses from the outside of the AIR ZIPPER®. Therefore, after the 30 minutes with the zip closed in the isolation room, the outside of the AIR ZIPPER® was operated as a safe zone. Results On 13 January 2022, two pieces of equipment arrived at the Toshin Clinic and all patients carrying COVID-19 who subsequently developed the disease were isolated and haemodialysed. Quarantine dialysis was performed in 156 patients, including those who had close contact with a COVID-19 patient or who had fever. A total of 96 isolation haemodialysis sessions using AIR ZIPPER® and CL Fine® were performed on 22 COVID-19 patients (male/female: 19/3, age: 69.8 ± 14.2 years, HD duration: 5.38 ± 3.8 years) with SARS-CoV-2 infection in our clinic. Fortunately, there was no transmission to staff or other patients, and no patients died. Conclusion These infection control measures helped to reduce staff workload and prevent infections. In conclusion, the present method should be equipped by all haemodialysis providers to deal with Covid 19 infections as well as with new infections in the future.

The New Method of Isolated Haemodialysis Using Personal Isolation Tents and Hypochlorite Mist Disinfection

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created new challenges in managing patients receiving renal replacement therapy and the staff treating them. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as N95 respirators, eye protection, gloves, and gowns to protect against virus transmission. Every time staff touches the haemodialysis machine; they should equip them. We introduced the AIR ZIPPER® patient isolation tent and the CLFine® hypochlorous acid mist to reduce the workload of our staff. Method: The Toshin Clinic introduced two pieces of equipment on 2022/1/13, the AIR ZIPPER® patient isolation tent and the CLFine® hypochlorous acid mist. Patients with a fever or who have been in contact with COVID-19 patients were asked to enter the AIR ZIPPER® for quarantine dialysis. The haemodialysis machine was placed outside. The hypochlorous acid mist was used to disinfect the outside of the AIR ZIPPER® to make it a safe zone after the 30-minute zip was closed. Results: A total of 96 isolation haemodialysis sessions were performed on 22 COVID-19-positive patients. There was no transmission to staff or other patients, and no patients died. Conclusion: The introduction of the AIR ZIPPER® patient isolation tent and the CLFine® hypochlorous acid mist reduced the burden on healthcare staff and prevented the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among patients and staff. Therefore, these equipment should be introduced in every haemodialysis facility.

THE EFFECTS OF ACID MIST ENVIRONMENT ON PLANT GROWTH: A REVIEW

The wet (rain, snow, fog, sleet, dew) and dry (transport of aerosol, particles and gases) deposition of acidic substance in environment results due to human, automobile, fossil fuel burning and industrial activities. Acid deposition is worldwide environmental degradation problems and in recent years these acidic materials are increasing at alarming scale in the environment both in developed and developing countries, including Pakistan. Some scientific literature survey reports suggest that plant growth and agriculture yield decrease due to consequence of acid rain. In addition, acid rain is found responsible for producing toxic effects on the morphological parameters of agricultural crop. The evidence collected from last more than fifty years showed the common significant effects of acid rain on seed germination percentage, seedling height, root hair and structure, alteration in leaf anatomy, size and area, stomatal structure, size, pollen germination, photosynthetic pigments and physiological changes in herbs, shrubs and trees. Still, little is known on the impact of acid rain on plant growth. This study was aimed to review the effects of acid mist on growth performances of some selected plant species. This review is contributed with the help of literature survey, research work published on the impact of acid rain on the plant growth.

Analysis on Feasibility of Applying Low-Temperature Emission to Coal-fired Power Plant in Cold Weather

After the ultra-low emission(ULE) transformation, the emissions of ULE coal-fired power plants in China have been reduced greatly. However, considering the total amount of emissions, coal-fired power plants are still among the largest sources. And there may still have great potential in the removal of colored plume and some unconventional pollutants such as condensable particles matter (CPM) and sulfur trioxide (sulfuric acid mist). Though in cold days, hazes occur frequently. Besides, low-temperature condensation is conducive to the condensation and removal of vapor, CPM and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas. In this paper, a new method of low-temperature flue gas emission is proposed for coal-fired power plants in severe cold areas. The flue gas is cooled by ambient air, and discharged without reheating, and remarkable effects can be achieved in removing the pollutants. The technical feasibility and environmental compliance of applying this method to a power plant in cold weather have been analyzed. The results show that low-temperature emission of flue gas for coal-fired power plants in winter is effective in water-saving, emission reduction of pollutants and elimination of wet plume.

Investigation on SO3/sulfuric acid mist conversion in WFGD process

SO3 and sulfuric acid mist generated in coal-fired boilers and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) processes can adversely affect boiler facilities, while detection and absorption is an important issue. Factors affecting the conversion of SO3 to sulfuric acid mist (SO3/sulfuric acid mist) during wet desulfurization were studied and evaluated in a simulated experimental system, including the effects of flue gas composition, temperature and humidity on the SO3/sulfuric acid mist conversion rate. The certain concentrations of SO3, water vapor, SO2, NO, NH3, O2 and N2 were mixed thoroughly to simulate the flue gas of WFGD under the special temperature conditions in this experiment. The sulfuric acid droplets, sulfuric acid vapor and sulfuric acid aerosol in the simulated flue gas were absorbed and intercepted by NaCl and quartz wool, gaseous SO3 was absorbed by isopropanol solution, and thorium-barium titration method was used to measure SO42− concentration. The results showed that the increase of temperature significantly decreased the SO3/sulfuric acid mist conversion rate, the increase of humidity significantly increased the SO3/sulfuric acid mist conversion rate, and O2 concentration had little effect on the SO3/sulfuric acid mist conversion rate. In addition, the increase concentration of NH3, NO and SO2 also improved the conversion rate of SO3/sulfuric acid mist to some extent.

Numerical investigation of effects of particle properties on nucleation process in a sulfuric acid–water vapor mixture: Homogeneous versus heterogeneous

The pollution caused by sulfuric acid mist emissions has attracted attention due to demand of low emissions. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate effects of particle properties on nucleation process in a sulfuric acid–water vapor mixture. The effects of particle properties, including particle-vapor interaction and particle shape was analyzed in detail. The results show that with the increase of the particle-vapor interaction, heterogeneous nucleation gradually occupies an advantage in the competition with homogeneous nucleation. For non-spherical particles, the vapor molecules are more prone to heterogeneous nucleation on the flat surface.

Study on the Removal Characteristics of SO3 Acid Mist during the Condensation of Wet Flue Gas

This work reported the removal characteristics of SO3 acid mist during the condensation of wet flue gas through both simulations and experiments. A model suitable for the removal of SO3 acid mist was established, and the results of simulation showed that the mean diameters of acid mist would rapidly increase to microns. The growth rate of the size and removal efficiency gradually decreased along the flue gas flow direction. The influence of temperature drop, relative humidity of inlet flue gas, and trapping area on the SO3 removal performance was experimentally studied. The results revealed that the emission of SO3 can be significantly decreased via increasing these three parameters. The removal efficiency at first increased and then decreased when the SO3 concentration increased. When the SO3 concentration was 60 mg/m3, the relative humidity was 100%, and the temperature drop was 32.5 °C; the largest removal efficiency of 43.3% could be obtained. However, under isothermal conditions, the SO3 removal efficiency also reached more than 20%, indicating the possibility of changing the condenser structure to strengthen the removal.

Stacking polymer microspheres matrix: a facile, practical, and energy-saving strategy for suppression of acid mist

ABSTRACT The electroplating, electrolysis, and pickling industrial processes would generate numerous gas pollutes, acid mist, which could not be essentially diminished due to its synthesis mechanism and cause gaseous environmental pollution, equipment corrosion, and endanger workers’ health. In this study, a facile, practical, and energy-saving acid mist suppression system was constructed by introducing a stacking microsphere matrix as a floating porous phase on the acid solution and not causing secondary pollution. The mechanism of this green acid mist suppression strategy mainly focused on size-selective blocking of acid mist droplets by dense stacking microsphere layer and dissipation of floating kinetic energy of bubbles in the acid mist. The factors relating to the matrix's microstructure, the particle size of microspheres, the combination of the complex particles with a wide range of particle sizes, and the thickness of the matrix on the acid mist suppression were explored. It found that the matrix constituted of a medium-sized polymer sphere (1.075 ± 0.175 mm) presents a better appearance in the acid mist suppression. When the thickness of this matrix reached 15 mm, its acid mist efficiency also came up to 100%, totally blocking the acid mist. Meanwhile, complex particles with different particle sizes and PMMA porous blocks are beneficial for suppressing acid mist. Herein, this research opened up a green and effective strategy for regulating this hazardous gas pollute, acid mist.

Innovative Design of a Healthy and Environmentally Friendly Intelligent Cleaning Robot in a Smart City Public Environment.

With the expansion of modern society, there has been a substantial increase in the number of structures with multiple stories. Skyscrapers are not only the dream of incredible architects that desire to command the sky, but they have also transformed and defined how we live in the modern day. Building walls, on the other hand, are constantly affected by acid rain, dust and mist, meteorites, and bird droppings since they are exposed for lengthy periods of time. Furthermore, the challenges of cleaning at great heights are becoming increasingly critical. Figuring out how to most efficiently maintain the outside surfaces of skyscrapers so as to extend their longevity, as well as their worth in urban contexts, is a major concern for the health and cleanliness of the public environment in modern cities. The creation of “smart cities” offers a huge opportunity to achieve this goal. A PLC control system for an intelligent cleaning robot was presented in this study, together with its wire design, control demands, hardware selection, and control system. Furthermore, it provided a design for a cleaning robot that would operate within the context of a smart city. A PLC system would be used in this design to detect the cleaning position and initiate automatic cleaning. The operation of the system revealed that the PLC-based intelligent cleaning robot control system has high dependability, strong operating efficiency features, and a high promotional value.

A Environmentally Friendly and High Current Efficiency Acid Mist Inhibitor for Zinc Electrowinning

A Environmentally Friendly and High Current Efficiency Acid Mist Inhibitor for Zinc Electrowinning