Serum Uric Acid Levels Research Articles

Interaction of serum uric acid with overweight on hypertension: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

BackgroundBoth serum uric acid (SUA) levels and body mass index (BMI) are recognized as important risk factors for hypertension. The current study aimed to investigate the interaction effects between SUA levels and overweight (defined as BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 in Chinese) on the incidence of hypertension among Chinese adults.Methods1124 hypertensive participants and 7283 non-hypertensive participants, extracted from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), were analyzed. Participants were categorized based on their SUA levels and BMI, to investigate the interaction effects between SUA levels and overweight on hypertension.ResultsIn comparison with the reference group (BMI < 24 kg/m2 and in the 1st quintile of SUA), multivariable adjusted analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) of hypertension for participants with overweight alone was 2.18 (1.41–3.37); for elevated SUA levels alone, the ORs (95% CIs) were 1.57 (1.08–2.30), 1.84 (1.24–2.74), 2.21 (1.47–3.32), and 2.48 (1.55–3.96) across SUA quintiles; and for the combined effect of higher SUA levels and overweight, the ORs (95% CIs) were 3.25 (2.19–4.82), 3.73 (2.51–5.55), 5.17 (3.42–7.80), and 6.21 (4.01–9.60). The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was 3.26 (1.43–5.09) at the 5th quintile of SUA, indicating the presence of additive interaction between overweight and SUA levels on hypertension.ConclusionInteraction between SUA levels and overweight on hypertension exists specifically at the highest quintile (Q5, > 6.39 mg/dL) of SUA among Chinese adults. Therefore, strategies to lower SUA levels could be considered as a potential approach to mitigate hypertension risk in overweight individuals within this specific subgroup.

Comparison of uric acid elevation between aspirin-ticagrelor and aspirin-clopidogrel during dual antiplatelet therapy.

This study investigated whether serum uric acid levels are more elevated in the aspirin-ticagrelor group than in the aspirin-clopidogrel group. Materials and Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with patients between 2013 and 2020. Baseline and maximum serum uric acid levels within a 6-month follow-up period were analyzed to determine the increase in both groups. A total of 41,877 patients were enrolled. A statistically significant elevation of serum uric acid levels was found in the aspirin-ticagrelor group compared to the aspirin-clopidogrel group (odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.36 (1.15 - 1.60), p < 0.001). Kidney dysfunction and diuretic use were also identified as risk factors for uric acid elevation. Monitoring serum uric acid levels is recommended during aspirin-ticagrelor therapy, especially in patients with kidney dysfunction or those using diuretics.

Evaluating causal influence of serum uric acid on psoriasis via observational study and transethnic Mendelian randomization analyses

Psoriasis mimics uric acid in terms of inflammation, but the association has not been well defined. This study aimed to identify the causal link between serum uric acid (SUA) and psoriasis in an observational study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2004–2006, and 2011–2014) and transethnic Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We utilized weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and transethnic MR in European and East Asian populations to assess the association. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the main analysis. To test the robustness and pleiotropy, further sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Weighted regression analysis suggested that SUA positively related to psoriasis risk (OR = 1.339, 95% CI: 1.092–1.642, P = 0.006) in women. For all participants and males, neither association was significant. IVW showed that SUA levels were not significantly associated with psoriasis in Europeans (OR = 1.099, 95% CI: 0.963–1.254, P = 0.159) or East Asians (OR = 1.297, 95% CI: 0.576–2.918, P = 0.528). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the present MR results. In females, SUA and psoriasis were significantly correlated; findings from transethnic MR analysis did not indicate a causal relationship between SUA and psoriasis.

Hyperuricemia and epiretinal pathologies: a review of pathophysiological links and clinical implications

Hyperuricemia (HUA), defined by elevated serum uric acid levels, is well-established in its association with systemic conditions like gout and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, however, emerging research has revealed a potential connection between HUA and ocular disorders, particularly epiretinal pathologies. This review investigates the pathophysiological mechanisms linking HUA to epiretinal conditions, including epiretinal membrane formation, macular edema, and retinal vascular diseases. By thoroughly analyzing current literature, this review seeks to deepen the understanding of the relationship between HUA and epiretinal disorders, with the aim of informing new therapeutic strategies and enhancing patient outcomes.

Investigating the causal association between serum uric acid levels and gastric cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study

The causal link between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and gastric cancer susceptibility remains inadequately elucidated. This investigation employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to assess the potential causative link between SUA concentrations and the propensity for developing gastric cancer. To further explore potential racial differences, this MR analysis was conducted on cohorts of both European and East Asian descent. Data from a large-scale GWAS in 343,836 Europeans and 92,615 East Asians were screened for 206 and 45 SNPs significantly linked to SUA levels, respectively, as genetic variants. Subsequently, four distinct MR methodologies were deployed to determine how SUA levels affected gastric cancer risk. Using the fixed-effects IVW approach, our analysis revealed no significant association between SUA levels and gastric cancer risk, with P-values exceeding the threshold of significance in both populations (European P = 0.778; East Asian P = 0.245). The findings were supported by three additional MR methods. The reliability of these results was substantiated by comprehensive sensitivity analyses. In summary, our data do not support a significant causal linkage between SUA levels and gastric cancer risk.

Gout diagnoses uncertain when made by general practitioners without serum uric acid testing: an observational study.

General practitioners (GPs) diagnose the majority of all gout patients. They make their diagnosis clinically. Serum uric acid (SUA) level >0.35mmol/l is largely determinative for the clinical diagnosis of gout. We aimed to assess to what extent GPs test SUA when making a first gout diagnosis, and to consider consequences regarding diagnostic certainty of not testing it. We calculated proportions of patients from 87 Dutch general practices (1-1-2013 to 1-1-2022) with a first gout diagnosis and a recorded SUA test, evaluated if SUA testing was punctually timed with respect to the diagnosis date, whether SUA levels were >0.35mmol/L, and whether diagnoses corresponded with diagnoses according to the 'Acute Gout Diagnosis Rule' (AGD-rule). In 43.0% of 7782 patients (mean age 64.4 years; 68.8% male) no SUA test result was recorded, with substantial variation among practices: median 41.9% (IQR 20.2%). 'Gout very likely' according to the AGD-rule was seen in all males and in 83.1% of females when a punctually timed SUA >0.35mmol/L was present. When such SUA level was lacking, 'Questionable or indeterminate gout diagnosis' was seen in all males and in 67.1% of females, and 'Arthritis diagnosis other than gout' in 32.9% of females. GPs diagnosed gout without testing SUA in ~40% of cases. This implies avoidable diagnostic uncertainty with impact for the clinical care of many patients as well as for studies that include primary care patients with gout. Key Points • Serum uric acid (SUA) level > 0.35mmol is determinative when diagnosing gout: however, it is unknown how often SUA testing is applied as such. • More than 40% of patients with a first gout diagnosis according to general practitioners (GPs) had no SUA test result registered in their medical record. • Gout diagnosing by GPs without SUA testing appeared to lead to avoidable diagnostic uncertainty, as diagnoses are often questionable or sometimes even wrong. • Researchers investigating gout need to take into account diagnostic uncertainty if they include gout patients who are diagnosed in primary care in their studies without SUA information.

Serum Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate and 4-Pyridoxic Acid Ratio Index with Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Studies on the association between serum vitamin B6 status and colorectal cancer prognosis are limited and have yielded inconsistent results. This study investigated the association of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and 4-pyridoxic acid ratio (PAr) index with colorectal cancer survival. Methods: A total of 1286 colorectal cancer patients diagnosed since 2010 were selected from the Guangdong Colorectal Cancer Cohort study. Serum levels of PLP, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxic acid were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The study followed overall mortality and colorectal cancer-specific mortality until December 2023. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Restricted cubic spline and stratified analysis were performed. Results: During a median follow-up of 77.36 months, 331 deaths were recorded, with 293 specifically attributed to colorectal cancer. Higher PLP levels were associated with a longer overall survival (HRQ4 vs. Q1, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.87; p for trend = 0.008) and colorectal cancer-specific survival (HRS, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.87; p for trend = 0.006). Non-linear associations were observed between serum PLP and overall and colorectal cancer-specific survival (p for non-linear &lt; 0.05). However, PAr was not significantly associated with either overall survival (HRQ4 vs. Q1, 1.03; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.41) or colorectal cancer-specific survival (HRQ4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.42). The association between serum PLP and both overall survival and colorectal cancer-specific survival (p for interaction &lt; 0.05) varied by alcohol drinking status. Conclusions: Higher serum PLP levels, but not PAr, may be associated with improved overall and colorectal cancer-specific survival.

Clinical characteristics of megaloblastic anemia with pancytopenia

ABSTRACT Objectives In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia. Methods Data on patient characteristics, laboratory examinations, clinical manifestations, and associated diseases were collected from Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The participants were divided into two groups according to routine blood test results: megaloblastic anemia patients with pancytopenia (Group A) and megaloblastic anemia patients with simple anemia (Group B). Results The number of patients with fever and bleeding in Group A was much higher than that in Group B. Inpatient days and hospitalization costs in Group A were higher than those in Group B. White blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and platelet count in Group A were lower than those in Group B. There were no significant differences in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), albumin (ALB), vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin between the two groups. The incidence of associated diseases, particularly pulmonary infections, was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B. There was no significant difference in the degree of bone marrow hyperplasia between the two groups. Conclusion Patients with pancytopenia and megaloblastic anemia often developed infection and bleeding, which caused more severe anemia, higher hospitalization costs, and longer inpatient days. Early diagnosis and active treatment are required to reduce patient complications and costs.

Changes in serum uric acid, glutathione, and amyloid-β1-42 levels in Parkinson’s disease patients and their association with disease progression and cognitive decline

Objective This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic significance of serum uric acid (UA), glutathione (GSH), and amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels in relation to disease progression and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods A total of 209 PD patients with disease duration ranging from 4.0 to 6.8 years were enrolled. Based on the Hoehn-Yahr staging system, patients were classified into Early (n = 67), Medium-term (n = 70), and Advanced (n = 72) stages. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), dividing the cohort into CD (cognitive dysfunction, n = 94) and NO-CD (no cognitive dysfunction, n = 115) groups. Serum UA, GSH, and Aβ1-42 levels were analyzed for correlations with clinical data. Independent risk factors and diagnostic value were determined through multivariable logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Serum UA and GSH levels progressively declined with advancing disease stage, while Aβ1-42 increased. Compared to the NO-CD group, the CD group showed lower serum UA and GSH levels, and higher Aβ1-42 levels. Serum UA and GSH were inversely correlated with disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores, while Aβ1-42 showed positive correlations. UA (p = 0.006), GSH (p < 0.001), and Aβ1-42 (p = 0.040) were independent predictors of disease stage. Similarly, UA (p = 0.003), GSH (p < 0.001), and Aβ1-42 (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of cognitive dysfunction. The combined assessment of these markers demonstrated a higher area under the curve (AUC) than individual markers for disease and cognitive decline identification. Conclusions Serum UA, GSH, and Aβ1-42 are independent predictors of disease progression and cognitive decline in PD patients. Their combined use offers enhanced diagnostic accuracy for disease staging and cognitive impairment in PD.

Serum uric acid and prostate cancer: findings from the NHANES (2007–2020)

BackgroundThe relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and prostate cancer (PCa) remains controversial. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between SUA levels and PCa incidence.MethodsA total of 9,776 participants aged ≥40 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2020 were included, 503 of whom had PCa. Weighted univariate logistic regression, multivariate logistic regression, and smooth-fitting curve analyses were used to analyze the association between SUA and PCa incidence. Concurrently, the fitted smoothing curves were used to explore the potential non-linear relationships. If non-linearity was observed, a recursive algorithm further calculated the inflection point.ResultsThree models were used to analyze the correlation between SUA levels and PCa incidence. All regression models demonstrated a negative correlation between SUA levels and PCa incidence (model 1: OR = 0.88, 95% CI=0.80–0.97; model 2: OR = 0.87, 95% CI=0.80–0.96; model 3: OR = 0.87, 95% CI=0.78–0.96). According to the trend test, with increasing SUA, the risk of PCa showed a downward trend (three models P for trend = 0.037, 0.015, 0.016). According to the subgroup analysis, a significant negative correlation between SUA and PCa was detected in individuals aged &amp;gt;60 years, non-Hispanic whites, those of other races, and those with hypertension. Moreover, the association between SUA and PCa followed a U-shaped curve among participants without hypertension, and the inflection point of SUA was 5.1 mg/dl.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study revealed a negative relationship between SUA levels and the risk of PCa, particularly in specific demographic groups. These findings offer a fresh perspective on the role of SUA in PCa patients, potentially paving the way for new approaches for the prevention and treatment of PCa. However, further studies are necessary to validate these findings.

The impact of early speech and language cognitive training care on the developmental quotient of children with language impairments: A retrospective study.

This study aims to investigate the effects of early speech and language cognitive training on the nursing outcomes of children with language impairments and their impact on developmental quotient. From October 2018 to October 2023, the data of 80 children with language impairments treated at our hospital were selected. They were divided into an observation group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40) based on the treatment plan. The control group received routine rehabilitation training, while the observation group received early cognitive language rehabilitation training. The treatment efficacy of the 2 groups, as well as differences in Gesell Developmental Schedule scores and serum indicators before and after treatment, were observed and analyzed. The treatment efficacy in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P < .05), with a total effective rate of 92.50% in the observation group. After 6 months of treatment, the scores for adaptability, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, personal-social behavior, and language development quotient in the observation group were (77.41 ± 10.21), (77.15 ± 10.43), (80.43 ± 11.19), (71.14 ± 10.42), and (81.21 ± 12.03), respectively, significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). After 6 months of treatment, the mental development index and psychomotor development index in the observation group were (107.28 ± 10.43) and (96.60 ± 9.03), respectively, which were markedly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). After 6 months of treatment, the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3], and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the observation group were (52.43 ± 9.44) ng/mL, (31.45 ± 4.82) ng/mL, and (76.65 ± 10.54) µmol/mL, respectively. These levels were not significantly different from those in the control group (P > .05). The blood flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, basal artery, and vertebral artery in the observation group and control group were compared after 6 months of treatment (P > .05). Early speech and cognitive training have shown promising efficacy in the treatment of language disorders, as it can improve developmental quotient in affected children and increase serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, 25(OH)D3, and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Association between change in serum uric acid and rapid decline in kidney function in China

While the elevation of serum uric acid (SUA) is acknowledged as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, the independent extent to which variations in SUA levels are correlated with temporal changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains uncertain. In light of this uncertainty, our research endeavored to elucidate the temporal associations between change in SUA and rapid eGFR decline in China. In this longitudinal study of China’s middle-aged and elderly between 2011 and 2015, we analyzed 5421 individuals with complete SUA and eGFR data. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the risk factors associated with a rapid eGFR decline (defined by a 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease or falling to less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 by 2015), adjusted for age, gender, marital, residence, income, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, CRP, Hba1c, baseline eGFR and baseline SUA. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between variations in SUA and changes in eGFR. After multivariable adjustments, the risk factors of a rapid eGFR decline included aging (OR per 1-year increase: 1.1, 95% CI 1.08–1.12, P < 0.001), being female, being single, having hypertension, a higher baseline eGFR, a higher baseline SUA (OR per-1 mg/dL increase: 1.68, 95% CI 1.48–1.90, P < 0.001), and increase in change in SUA (OR per-1 mg/ dL increase: 1.92,95% CI 1.71–2.16, P < 0.001). Pearson’s analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between SUA changes and eGFR decline, particularly pronounced in females, with correlation coefficients of − 0.349 for females and − 0.306 for males (95% CI − 0.347 to − 0.299, P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the change in SUA and the rapid decline in eGFR, with this association being particularly pronounced in females.

Clinical and instrumental characteristics of osteoarthritis in hyperuricemia

Objective: to investigate in a multicentre single-stage study the relationships between hyperuricemia (HU) and clinical, instrumental and laboratory parameters of osteoarthritis (OA).Material and methods. The study included 200 patients aged 40 to 75 years with a definite diagnosis of knee (KN) OA that met ACR criteria, with stage I–III OA by Kellgren–Lawrence. The mean age of the patients was 55.9±10.3 years and the body mass index (BMI) was 29.4±6.2 kg/m2. An individual chart was completed for each patient, including anthropometric parameters, medical history and clinical examination data, visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment of KN pain, WOMAC, patient's general health assessment (GHA) and information on comorbidities. All patients underwent standard radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the KN (WORMS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and laboratory examination.Results and discussion. HU was diagnosed in 57 (28.5) patients when the serum uric acid (UA) level was above 360 μmol/L. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HU. The age of the patients in the two groups was comparable, but they differed significantly in terms of disease duration, BMI, waist and hip circumference, which were greater in the HU group (p &lt;0.05). Statistically significant differences were also found in the assessment of the severity of OA course: there were higher pain indices according to VAS, WOMAC total score and its components (pain and functional impairment, FI), GHA in the HU group. On MRI, osteitis was more common in the medial aspect of the tibia (odds ratio 5.75; 95% confidence interval 1.29–25.6; p=0.03). Patients with HU had higher concentrations of CRP, COMP, leptin, insulin, triglycerides and creatinine (p &lt;0.05 for all values).Spearman correlation analysis confirmed the association between HU and duration and radiological stage of OA, the presence of osteitis in the medial aspect of tibia detected by MRI, pain according to VAS and WOMAC, FI according to WOMAC and GHA (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion. At high UA levels, pain values according to VAS and WOMAC are higher, GHA is worse, and CRP and COMP levels are elevated. MRI shows more frequent osteitis in the medial aspect of the tibia in patients with HU. Deciphering the mechanisms that determine the relationship between HU and OA is important for the development of new methods for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

The associations of insulin resistance, obesity, and lifestyle with the risk of developing hyperuricaemia in adolescents

BackgroundHyperuricaemia is common among obese children and adolescents, and is closely related to insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between youth insulin resistance and hyperuricaemia, as well as their relationships with lifestyle factors in youths, to provide early guidance on the risk factors for hyperuricaemia in adolescents.MethodsThis study included 233 adolescents aged 10 to 20 years. Insulin resistance was evaluated via the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations of HOMA-IR with hyperuricaemia status and serum uric acid (UA) levels. The participants were subsequently divided into two groups, the noninsulin resistant group (HOMA-IR ≤ 3.2) and the insulin resistant group (HOMA-IR > 3.2), to further explore the factors that may affect the serum UA level. Finally, the predictive ability of different indicators of hyperuricaemia was evaluated via the ROC curve.ResultsBinary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant increase in the risk of developing hyperuricaemia for individuals with elevated HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p < 0.01). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive linear correlation between HOMA-IR and serum UA levels (r = 0.4652, p < 0.001). Among insulin-resistant adolescents, UA levels were positively correlated with weight ratings, frequency of staying up late, and sugary beverages intake. Notably, individuals who engaged in 1–3 h of weekly exercise had the lowest UA levels. The area under the ROC curve for HOMA-IR was 0.847 (cut-off value = 2.165, p < 0.001), and the optimal prediction model included HOMA-IR, BMI z-score, and other lifestyle factors (AUC: 0.870, p < 0.001)).ConclusionHOMA-IR was identified as an independent risk factor for the development of hyperuricaemia and could be used as a sensitive indicator for the prediction its development in adolescents. In insulin-resistant adolescents with hyperuricaemia, maintaining normal weight, engaging in physical exercise for 1–3 h per week, avoiding staying up late and limiting sugary beverages intake are recommended to reduce the prevalence of hyperuricaemia among adolescents.

The alleviating effects and mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MC14 on hyperuricemia in mice

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a chronic disorder resulting from purine metabolic dysregulation. This research explored the alleviating effects and potential mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MC14 on HUA in a mouse model. Further, it investigated the impact of MC14 intervention on the intestinal flora and metabolites of HUA model mice. Results indicated that the activity of MC14 in alleviating HUA may be linked to its abilities to lower serum levels of uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, reduce inflammation, alleviate renal tissue damage, enhance uric acid excretion, inhibit the overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suppress hepatic adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities, competitively absorb nucleosides and nucleobases, and regulate the intestinal flora. Our research demonstrates that MC14 is a potential candidate for developing novel therapeutics for hyperuricemia.

Biochemical perturbations associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens:Is oxidative stress implicated?

The aim of this study was to investigate some biochemical and tissue changes associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens (LHs), and the complicities of oxidative stress (OS). Fifty LHs were assigned to two groups of 25 LHs infected with S. gallinarum (109 cfu*mL-1 of S. gallinarum) and 25 uninfected controls. Biochemical assays and histopathology were carried out following standard procedures. There was a significant loss of body weight, drop in egg production, as well as 28% mortality in the infected group. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as serum total protein, globulin, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher, whereas serum albumin levels were significantly lower in infected LHs. There were inflammatory, degenerative and necrotic changes observed in the affected organs. Considering the significant elevation in MDA levels coupled with elevated SOD activity in the infected LHs, OS may play a significant role in the pathology of fowl typhoid and may suggest a possible treatment of infected layers with antioxidants.

Association between serum uric acid variability and mild eGFR decline in Chinese adults: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThe present retrospective cohort study focused on evaluating the effects of fluctuations in serum uric acid (SUA) on a mildly reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a population with a normal eGFR in Urumqi, China.MethodsA total of 2,154 normal individuals with a normal eGFR were recruited from 2018 to 2021. This study included questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and blood sampling. We deemed the mildly reduced eGFR to be 60–90 ml·min–1·(1.73 m2)–1. The relationship between changes in SUA levels and the eGFR was assessed.Results(1) During the 3-year follow-up period, 433 individuals (20.10%) presented mildly reduced eGFR. (2) After stratification by the degree to which uric acid changed into five groups, the group showing the greatest change in uric acid concentration had significantly lower eGFR values than the other four groups. As the uric acid concentration (ΔSUA) increased, the degree of mild eGFR reduction (ΔeGFR) also increased (P < 0.05). When classified into five groups by the degree of eGFR change (ΔeGFR), analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant differences between baseline SUA and follow-up SUA (P > 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between ΔSUA and ΔeGFR (r = -0.211, P < 0.01). (3) Multifactorial logistic regression, in which the endpoint event was an eGFR decreasing to 60 to 90 ml·min–1·(1.73 m2)–1, revealed that the ΔSUA was a risk factor that independently predicted a reduced eGFR (OR = 1.347, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn people with a normal eGFR in Urumqi, a high SUA level is associated with a mild reduction in the eGFR.

α-Mangostin Attenuates Blood Pressure and Reverses Vascular Remodeling by Balancing ACE/AT1R and ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR Axes in Ang II-Infused Hypertensive Mice.

Hyperuricemia is a common comorbidity of hypertension and probably has a causal relationship with hypertension. Alpha-mangostin (α-MG) has been reported to have uric acid lowering effect. This study aimed to investigate the dual effects of α-MG on blood pressure (BP) and uric acid levels in angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused hypertensive mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into five groups: control, Ang II infusion (500 ng/kg/min for 2 weeks), Ang II infusion with gavage administration of α-MG 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg and benzbromarone (25 mg/kg) respectively. BP, uric acid levels, vascular structure and function, and renin-Ang II system expressions in the aorta were assessed. Treatment with α-MG reduced BP, improved endothelial relaxation, and reversed aortic wall thickening and collagen deposition in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. It also downregulated Ang II receptor 1 (AT1R) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expression, while upregulating ACE2, Mas receptor (MasR), and angiotensin (1-7) in the aorta. Moreover, α-MG demonstrated a significant enhancement in uric acid clearance and reduction in serum uric acid levels. Conversely, benzbromarone did not result in a decrease in BP, indicating that the hypotensive effect of α-MG may not be necessarily dependent on its urate-lowering properties. α-MG can attenuate Ang II-induced hypertension and reverse vascular remodeling, potentially by balancing the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis and the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis. Our findings provide insights into α-MG as a novel anti-hypertensive drug especially in patients with hyperuricemia.

Therapeutic Potential of Methanolic Stem Extract of Costus afer on Serum Uric Acid, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Levels in Monosodium Urate (MSU)-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Wistar Rats

The therapeutic potential of methanolic stem extracts of Costus afer was investigated to evaluate their effects on serum uric acid, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, which are the key biomarkers associated with inflammatory and metabolic disorders like gouty arthritis. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of C. afer indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenol, anthraquinone and glycosides, these bioactive compounds have been implicated for numerous medicinal uses and as such the therapeutic potentials of the extract were investigated by administering varying doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract to a Wistar rat model with induced gouty arthritis and assessing its impact compared to a control group and an untreated MSU group. The results revealed that the extracts significantly reduced ( serum uric acid levels in a dose-dependent manner, with the high dose achieving a reduction below the control level. Additionally, the extracts effectively decreased ( TNF-α and IL-6 levels, indicating potent anti-inflammatory properties. The high dose exhibited the most substantial reduction in these biomarkers, underscoring the extract’s therapeutic potential. These findings support the traditional use of C. afer and provide scientific validation for its application in managing hyperuricemia and inflammatory conditions.

Association between uric acid and the risk of depressive symptoms in US adults: results from NHANES 2005–2018

BackgroundThis study explores the relationship between serum uric acid(UA) levels and depression. UA is the final product of purine metabolism in the human body, possessing certain physiological functions such as blood pressure regulation, antioxidation, DNA protection, and anti-aging, thereby drawing attention for its potential role in preventing and treating depression.MethodsThis cross-sectional study includes 32,424 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018, generating a nationally representative database. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Serum uric acid concentration was measured using the uricase-peroxidase coupled method, and participants were divided into quartiles of serum uric acid concentration. Weighted data were calculated according to analysis guidelines. The association between serum uric acid and depressive symptoms was analyzed using weighted multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were also performed.ResultsAmong 32,424 participants, 3,421 were defined as having depressive symptoms. The crude prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10.5% (weighted prevalence: 9.086% [95% confidence interval: 9.032–9.139%]). Compared with the first quartile, individuals with higher UA levels had a decreased risk of depressive symptoms by 9% (OR: 0.910, 95% CI: 0.797–10.40), 14.6% (OR: 0.854, 95% CI: 0.741–0.983), and 20.5% (OR: 7795, 95% CI: 0.680–0.930), respectively. Further restricted cubic spline regression analysis revealed a nonlinear association between UA and depressive symptoms, with an inflection point of 319.72 µmol/L. Subgroup multivariable weighted logistic regression analysis found that the association between UA and the risk of depressive symptoms remained consistent across all subgroups, demonstrating high stability and reliability.ConclusionThis study emphasizes a significant nonlinear negative correlation between serum uric acid and depressive symptoms. This suggests that proper control of serum uric acid levels may play a role in preventing and treating depression.