Acid In Different Organic Solvents Research Articles

Solubility of 5-(4-methylphenyl)-2-furanpropanoic acid in different organic solvents

In this study, the temperature dependences of the solubility of 5-(4-methylphenyl)-2- furanpropanoic acid in various solvents were evaluated: methyl and ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, propane-1-ol, and propan-2-ol. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of linear equations according to the Schröder model, which allowed us to determine the enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of solubility at a temperature of 298.15 K. The melting points of the acid were determined using the method of differential thermal analysis, which allowed us to calculate the enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of mixing.

Correction to “Measurement and Correlation for Solubilities of Isophthalic Acid and m-Toluic Acid in Different Organic Solvents from 287.65 to 347.45 K”

Correction to “Measurement and Correlation for Solubilities of Isophthalic Acid and <i>m</i>-Toluic Acid in Different Organic Solvents from 287.65 to 347.45 K”

Measurement and Correlation of Solubilities of Isophthalic Acid and m-Toluic Acid in Different Organic Solvents from 287.65 to 347.45 K

Measurement and Correlation of Solubilities of Isophthalic Acid and <i>m</i>-Toluic Acid in Different Organic Solvents from 287.65 to 347.45 K

Solubilities of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid in Different Organic Solvents and 2-Propanol + Water Binary Solvent Mixtures at Different Temperatures: Experimental Measurement and Modeling

The solubilities of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in 1-butanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, and 2-propanol + water binary solvent systems at different temperatures were deter...

Colloidal Synthesis of CdSe Nanocrystals: Preparation, Characterization in Different Organic Solvent

Colloidal CdSe Nanocrystals (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs) have been developed using a yielding solution technique utilizing chemical reactions in chloroform and oleic acid in different organic solvents. This assembly is an improvement of the systematic thermal decomposition of high temperature organic solvent compounds. CdSe NCs of specific sizes can be produced easily by adjusting the solvent. This technique is reproducible and clear, so industrial development can be easily scaled up. Characterization at room temperature of the UV-Vis absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Results reveal that the CdSe prepared with the creation of defects was nanocrystalline. The energy difference (Eg) measured in PL was 2.3 and 2.69 eV respectively for CdSe NCs in chloroform and oleic acid. The structures of the CdSe quantum dots were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase-transfer of chloroform and oleic acid stabilized CdSe nanocrystals solutions was studied for their potentials in white light generation applications.

Synthesis of lactose lauryl ester in organic solvents using aluminosilicate zeolite as a catalyst

Sugar-based biosurfactants are safer and healthier alternatives to synthetic surfactants especially for use in the food industry. In this work, biosurfactants were synthesized via the esterification of lactose with lauric acid in different organic solvents without using lipase or other enzymes. Commercial aluminosilicate zeolite was used as a catalyst. Conversions of up to 92% were obtained for pure lactose and 38% for raw lactose from whey. Surface-active properties including surface tension, interfacial tension, and contact angle were measured. All samples showed surface tensions lower than sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS (19.59–36.57 mN/m compared to 38.8 mN/m for SDS) and interfacial tensions comparable with it (9.47–12.18 mN/m compared to 4.77 mN/m for SDS). Results showed that aluminosilicate zeolites can be used for the synthesis of lactose esters, which have potential applications as biosurfactants for the food industry featuring low surface and interfacial tensions.

Experimental measurement and thermodynamic models for solid–liquid equilibrium of hyodeoxycholic acid in different organic solvents

Data on corresponding solid–liquid equilibrium of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) in different solvents is essential for a preliminary study of industrial applications. In this paper, the solid–liquid equilibrium of HDCA in methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butan-1-ol, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, and acetic acid was explored at temperatures ranging from 278.15 to 333.15K under atmosphere pressure. For the temperature range investigated, the solubility of HDCA in the solvents increased with increasing temperature. The modified Apelblat model, the Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh model, and ideal model were adopted to describe and predict the change tendency of solubility. Besides, the calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that in each studied solvent the dissolution process of HDCA is endothermic. Based on the analysis above, ethanol is considered to be the best solvent in crystallization process of HDCA.

Thermodynamic Models for Determination of the Solubility of Sulfanilic Acid in Different Solvents at Temperatures from (278.15 to 328.15) K

Data on corresponding solid–liquid equilibria of sulfanilic acid in different organic solvents are essential for industrial design and further theoretical studies. In this study, the solubilities of sulfanilic acid were measured in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, acetonitrile, formic acid, and acetic acid with the temperature range of (278.15 to 328.15) K by the analytical stirred-flask method under atmospheric pressure. For the temperature range investigated, the solubility of sulfanilic acid in the solvents increased with increasing temperature. The thermodynamic models, such as the van’t Hoff model, the modified Apelblat model, and the Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh model were investigated to describe the experimental data. It was found that the modified Apelblat model was the most suitable for predicting the solubility behavior of sulfanilic acid with increasing temperature. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that in each studied solvent the dissolution process of sulfanilic acid is endothermic.

Measurement and correlation of the solubility of N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid in different organic solvents

The solubility of N-(phosphonomethyl) iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA) in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, acetone, methylbenzene and ethyl acetate were measured over a temperature range from 293.15 to 343.15K under atmospheric pressure. The hypothetical enthalpy of fusion and melting temperature of PMIDA were estimated. The Scatchard–Hildebrand (SH) model, the Wilson model, the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model and the universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) model were applied to correlate the solid–liquid equilibrium. It is shown that the Wilson model can give better results than NRTL and UNIQUAC model. The solubility parameter of PMIDA was obtained based on the SH model.

Solid–liquid equilibrium and thermodynamic of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid in different organic solvents

In this paper, the solid–liquid equilibrium of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid in methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, acetic acid, n-hexane, acetonitrile and acetone was explored from 278.15K to 333.15K under atmosphere pressure. Modified Apelblat equation and λh equation were adopted to describe and predict the change tendency of solubility. Besides, the thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process, including enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy, were calculated by means of van’t Hoff analysis and Gibbs equation. Based on the analysis above, ethanol is considered to be the best solvent in crystallization process of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid.

Solubilities of crotonic acid in different organic solvents at several temperatures from (278.15 to 333.15) K

In our study the solubilities of crotonic acid in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, acetic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate and acetonitrile were experimentally determined over the temperature range of (278.15–333.15)K at around 5K intervals by employing an analytical stirred-flask method. The experimental solubility data were well correlated with the modified Apelblat equation, in different kinds of solvents the values of the sum of MPD were 6.3. The thermodynamic functions were evaluated by two methods and the results were the same. The dissolving process was endothermic, entropy-driving and non-spontaneous. It was necessary to use the experiment data and correlation models in the reaction and purification of crotonic acid.

Thermodynamics of solubility of thiomalic acid in different organic solvents from 278.15 K to 333.15 K

The solubility of thiomalic acid was measured in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate in the temperature range between 278.15K and 333.15K under atmospheric pressure by gravimetric method. The solubility of thiomalic acid in those selected solvents increased with increasing temperature. The solubility data were correlated using the simplified molecular thermodynamic equation, the modified Apelblat equation and the semi-empirical Buchowski–Ksiazczak λh equation. The thermodynamic properties of the solution process, including the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated by the van’t Hoff analysis and the Gibbs equation. The experimental results showed that acetonitrile had the potential as the better solvent in the recrystallization process of thiomalic acid.

Solubility of itaconic acid in different organic solvents: Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling

Data on corresponding solid–liquid equilibrium of itaconic acid in different organic solvents are essential for industrial design and further theoretical studies. In this study, the solubility of itaconic acid was measured in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, acetonitrile, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone with the temperature range of 283.15–328.15 K by the analytical stirred-flask method under atmospheric pressure. The experiment results showed that the solubility of itaconic acid was highest in methanol and followed by 2-propanol, ethanol and 1-propanol. For the temperature range investigated, the solubilities of itaconic acid in the solvents increased with increasing temperature. Results of these measurements were well-correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and the Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh equation. The calculated solubilities showed good agreement with the experimental data. The modified Apelblat equation was found to regress the solubility data much better than the Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh equation.

UV-Vis spectra of polyaniline doped with camphor sulfonic acid in different organic solvents

The doping reaction of polyaniline with camphor sulfonic acid (CSAH) in different organic solvents was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the polaron band of the species was shifted to shorter wavelength when polyaniline was doped with CSAH in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidione (NMP) solvent, while the red shift of polaron band was observed when it was in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). It indicates that the influence of different processing solvents on the doping property of polyaniline is greatly different. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidione is a good solvent for polyaniline, polyaniline chain is unfolded in it. The interaction of NMP with CSAH is so strong that the resulting product is apt to dedoping, while the solubility of polyaniline in DMF is relatively low and polyaniline chain is in partly folded state. Thus the doping reaction is kinetically disadvantageous but thermodynamically advantageous.

Extraction of uranium/VI/ with di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphoric acid in different organic solvents

Solvent extraction of uranium/VI/ from aqueous perchlorate media into cyclohexane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride solutions of di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphoric acid /HEhdtp/ was investigated. The treatment of the partition data showed that the extraction occurs via an ion-exchange mechanism similar to that established in benzene. The species extracted in the oxygen-free noncoordinating solvents mentioned are 1∶2 complexes of uranyl ion with phosphorodithioato group. The high distribution ratio obtained is due to the long and branched alkyl chain /2-ethylhexyl/ of phosphorodithioato ligand, which increases the solubility of the uranium/VI/ chelate in the organic phase and decreases considerably its solubility in the aqueous phase.

On acidic organodiphosphorus extractants : Part IV. Extraction of europuim(iii) by a diphosphonic acid in different organic solvents

The distribution of di- n-butyl-ethane-(l,2)-diphosphonic acid (H 2B 2EDP) between 1 M (H, Na)ClO 4 and benzene or methyl isobutyl ketone has been studied radiometrically. The partition constants ofH 2B 2EDP are calculated. The results indicate that H 2B 2EDP remains monomeric in benzene up to a total concentration of 1.3·10 −2 M, while it is monomeric throughout the whole concentration range up to saturation in methyl isobutyl ketone. Europium is extracted from an aqueous phase 1 M (H, Na)ClO 4 by H 2B 2EDP into benzene, CHCl 3, CHBr 3, methyl isobutyl ketone and into benzene containing 12% pentanol-1. The extraction data indicate that europium is extracted into benzene as Eu(AH) 3AH 2, while the stoichiometry of the complexes extracted into methylisobutyl ketone and into benzene containing 12% pentanol-1 seems to be EuA(AH)·xRR'C=O and Eu(AH) 3·xROH, respectively. On the assumption that during the extraction ofeuropium(III) the extractant also remains a monomer in CHCl 3 and CHBr 3 in the concentration range studied, it is concluded that the formula of the europium complex extracted is Eu(AH) 3AH 2.