Formaldehyde Acid Research Articles

Surface coating engineering of titanate anodes based on tannic acid-formaldehyde polymer chelating bismuth ions for advanced sodium-ion capacitors

As a battery-type anode material for sodium ion capacitors (SICs), titanate (H2Ti2O5·H2O, HTO) exhibits good rate capability due to its layered structure, easy to insert Na+ ions and low potential during sodium-ion storage. However, the structure is unstable due to the lattice distortion resulting from the irreversible embedment of Na+ in the process of sodium storage. So there is a significant mismatch between the dynamic reaction of the HTO anode and the capacitive cathode. Surface coating engineering is a useful strategy for stabilizing the HTO structure, which is critical for improving the kinetic response. In this work, a surface coating technique is designed to enhance the surface of HTO nanoarrays on titanium foil by using the oligomers of tannic acid formaldehyde polymer (TAF) chelated Bi3+ ions (Bi-TAF). As a binder-free anode, HTO coated with Bi-TAF (HTO@Bi-TAF) exhibits more excellent capacity (335.2 mA h g−1, 0.1 A g−1), rate capability (212.3 mA h g−1, 2.0 A g−1), and cycle stability (97 % capacity maintenance following 2000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) than HTO and HTO coated with TAF (HTO@TAF). At the sweep rate of 1.0 mV s−1, the kinetic investigation reveals that the capacitance contribution of HTO@Bi-TAF is 86 %. The SICs exhibit a significant energy/power density (89.4 Wh kg−1/250 W kg−1). This work shows that the Bi-TAF polymer coating has a dual effect of rate capability improvement and structural protection on the prepared HTO. This results in a reasonable and effective surface coating strategy that provides outstanding rate capability and extended cycle performance of titanium-based anode materials for SICs.

Metabolites analysis of plantamajoside based on gut microbiota-drug interaction

BackgroundPlantaginis Herba (Plantago asiatica L.) has the effects of clearing heat and diuresis, oozing wet and drenching. As the main active components of Plantaginis Herba (Plantago asiatica L.), plantamajoside have a wide range of antitumor activities but very low bioavailability. The process of interacting between plantamajoside and gut microbiota remains unclear. PurposeTo illustrate the process of interacting between plantamajoside and gut microbiota based on high-resolution mass spectrometry and targeted metabolomics methods. Study design and methodsThis experiment was divided into two parts. First, metabolites produced from plantamajoside by gut microbiota were identified and quantified based on high-resolution mass spectrometry and LC–MS/MS. Additionally, stimulation of plantamajoside on gut microbiota-derived metabolites was determined by targeted metabolomics and gas chromatography. ResultsWe first found that plantamajoside was rapidly metabolized by gut microbiota. Then, we identified metabolites of plantamajoside by high-resolution mass spectrometry and speculated that plantamajoside was metabolized into five metabolites including calceolarioside A, dopaol glucoside, hydroxytyrosol, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (3-HPP) and caffeic acid. Among them, we quantitatively analyzed four possible metabolites based on LC‒MS/MS and found that hydroxytyrosol and 3-HPP were final products by the gut microbiota. In addition, we studied whether plantamajoside could affect the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and amino acid metabolites. We found that plantamajoside could inhibit the acetic acid, kynurenic acid (KYNA) and kynurenine (KN) produced by intestinal bacteria and promote the indole propionic acid (IPA) and indole formaldehyde (IALD) produced by intestinal bacteria. ConclusionAn interaction between plantamajoside and gut microbiota was revealed in this study. Unlike the traditional metabolic system, the special metabolic characteristics of plantamajoside in gut microbiota was found. Plantamajoside was metabolized into the following active metabolites: calceolarioside A, dopaol glucoside, hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid and 3-HPP. Besides, plantamajoside could affect SCFA and tryptophan metabolism by gut microbiota. Especially, the exogenous metabolites hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid and endogenous metabolites IPA may have potential association with the antitumor activity of plantamajoside.

Synthesis of a Polymer Composite Based on a Modified Aminohumic Acid Tuned to a Sorbed Copper Ion

A composite based on amino-containing humic acid with the immobilization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes preliminarily tuned to a copper ion has been obtained. The synthesis of a composite pre-tuned for sorption by the local arrangement of macromolecular regions was obtained by introducing multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a molecular template into the composition of humic acid, followed by copolycondensation with acrylic acid amide and formaldehyde. The template was removed from the polymer network by acid hydrolysis. As a result of this tuning, the macromolecules of the composite "remember" conformations that are favorable for sorption, i.e., adsorption centers are formed in the polymer network of the composite, capable of repeated, highly specific interaction with the template and the highly selective extraction of target molecules from the solution. The reaction was controlled by the added amine and by the content of oxygen-containing groups. The structure and composition of the resulting composite were proven by physicochemical methods. A study of the sorption properties of the composite showed that after acid hydrolysis, the capacity increased sharply compared to a similar composite without tuning and a composite before hydrolysis. The resulting composite can be used as a selective sorbent in the process of wastewater treatment.

Characterisation of surfaces coated with different nanocellulose-based suspensions

In this study, plywood surfaces were coated with different nanocellulose-based suspensions. Moreover, we analysed the effect of boric acid (BA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and melamine formaldehyde (MF) on surface properties for some coating suspensions. According to the results, gloss values of plywood surfaces coated with nanocellulose-based suspensions changed depending on nanocellulose type, matrix type and number of coating layers. It was determined that coated plywood surfaces had low and medium gloss properties. When surface hardness values of coated plywood samples were analysed, it was observed that increasing the number of coating layers and addition of different kind of matrixes increased surface hardness values of the coated wooden surfaces up to the highest level (7H). Furthermore, it was determined that addition of BA, PVA and MF with various concentrations to nanocellulose-based suspensions declined water contact angles (WCA) of wooden surfaces coated with these solutions by reducing surface hydrophobicity.

Abstract C030: Relationship between the oral microbiome and tobacco-induced DNA damage in African American and White persons who smoke

Abstract Exposure to tobacco smoke chemicals and toxicants may cause unique changes to an individual’s oral microbiome, impacting immuno-inflammatory responses, the metabolism of tobacco smoke carcinogens, and overall health status. In our previous study, HPB-releasing DNA adducts (DNA damage derived from tobacco-specific nitrosamines) were higher in oral cells of African American (AA, n=75) when compared to White (WH, n=71) persons who smoke, even after adjusting for key confounders such as smoking dose. In this study, we examined the relationship between the levels of HPB-releasing DNA adducts and microbiome composition in these individuals. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeting the V4 hypervariable region, was performed on DNA isolated from mouthwash samples. Sequences were clustered into Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) using QIIME, and metagenomic content was inferred using PICRUSt. Our results showed a significant difference in alpha-diversity metrics: observed richness and Shannon indexes (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 8.42, p <0.01 and H = 6.85, p <0.03, respectively) across levels of DNA damage (low, intermediate, and high). Post hoc tests with pairwise comparisons showed that, for both indexes, individuals with high levels of HPB-releasing DNA adducts had significantly lower alpha diversity than those with intermediate levels (p <0.05). However, there were no differences in beta diversity as measured by Bray-Curtis (R2 = 1.15, p = 0.2) and Jaccard (R2 = 1.1, p = 0.1) indices across individuals with different levels of HPB-releasing DNA adducts. Multivariable association tests revealed that high levels of the DNA adducts were positively associated with Enterobacteriaceae, while intermediate levels were associated with Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella spp, Neisseria spp, Actinomyces spp, and Fusobacterium. In addition, predicted functional profiling showed that intermediate levels of HPB-releasing DNA adducts were positively associated with amino acid, carbohydrate, and hem biosynthesis, along with reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and formaldehyde degradation pathways. Comparisons between AA and WH persons who smoke showed that AA had significantly higher alpha diversity as assessed by observed bacterial richness and The Shannon index (Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, q-value=0.03 and 0.004, respectively). Differences between AA and WH were also found for beta diversity (Bray-Curtis: R2=2.4, p=0.01, Jaccard: R2=1.9, p=0.01, weighted Unifrac R2=0.02 p=0.007). The abundance of taxa associated with intermediate levels of DNA damage (Prevotella spp, Neisseria spp, Actinomyces spp, Fusobacterium) was also higher in AA persons who smoke. Together, our findings suggest that certain compositional and functional characteristics of the oral microbiome may serve as indicators of macromolecular responses to harmful chemical exposures from tobacco. The potential mechanistic contribution of the oral microbiome to such responses and its potential role in the observed racial/ethnic differences in cancer risk due to smoking should be further investigated. Citation Format: Aleksandra Alcheva. Relationship between the oral microbiome and tobacco-induced DNA damage in African American and White persons who smoke [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C030.

Importance of amine in carbon dioxide conversion to methanol catalyzed by Ru-PNP complex

The theoretical insight with DFT calculations was carried out to explore the mechanism of CO2 conversion to methanol. The tandem catalysis with the Ru-Macho-BH complex and ethylenediamine (EDA) was investigated. Three possible routes, Route A, B, and C, were realized for the process. Route A (δE > 60 kcal mol−1) consists of three steps, formic acid formation, formamide formation, and methanol formation (from alkanolamine). Route B (δE = 35.07 kcal mol−1) contains four steps, formic acid formation, formamide formation, formaldehyde synthesis, and methanol formation (from formaldehyde). Route C (δE = 39.14 kcal mol−1), a non-amine route, involves three steps, formic acid formation, formaldehyde dehydration, and methanol formation. Route B has the lowest energetic span and, thus, we propose it as a favorite route for CO2 conversion to methanol. Although Route C has a lower activation barrier, it has a larger δE. The exogenic reaction of the formamide formation step in Route B can affect lower energy requirements in further methanol formation. In the absence of EDA, CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid cannot produce, because the formate form is trapped by the catalyst. Thus, it can explain why CO2 conversion to methanol is impossible without the presence of amines.

Sex in the wild: repeated observations of planktonic ciliate conjugation from field samples.

Ciliate conjugation is considered a rare event to encounter in the field and it is mostly reported from cultures. In this work, we describe a synchronized conjugation event of planktonic ciliates that was discovered twice; in September 2019, at two different locations in the Cretan Sea, Eastern Mediterranean, and in October 2020. In 2019, first, at 2m depth of the coastal station POSEIDON-HCB, in samples fixed with acid Lugol and formaldehyde, we found 340 and 200 mating pairs L-1of different ciliate species, respectively; and second, at the Heraklion port, we found 220 mating pairs L-1 of Strombidinopsis sp. and 1960 mating pairs L-1 of Strombidium sp. At the Heraklion port visited again in 2020, we found 800 mating pairs L-1 of Strombidinopsis sp. and 200 mating pairs L-1 of Strombidium sp. Since detailed descriptions of conjugation in pelagic oligotrich ciliates are missing, our observations indicate that ciliate conjugation could be a frequent and periodic phenomenon, under specific conditions.

Superhydrophobic STA@PF@Cu2O modified wood with photocatalytic degradation properties for efficiency oil/water separation

The potential for coatings using Cu2O nanostructures combined with stearic acid (STA) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin to selectively sorb oils from oil/water mixtures was explored on balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale). Wood samples coated by immersion in STA@PF@Cu2O nanostructures absorbed 1.6–3.9 times their weight from a wide range of oil and organic solvents with absorption capacity generally increasing with oil density. Separation efficiency of the coated balsa was above 90% for several oil/water mixtures, and the material surface could be regenerated up to 30 times by exposure to visible light while still retaining up to ~94% efficiency. For example, a 320 min light exposure of coated samples used to sorb methylene blue resulted in 99.8% degradation with photocatalytic reaction rate constants reaching 0.013 min–1. The coating represents an easily applied, cost effective and efficient system for oil sorption or oil/water sorption for spill-cleanup or wastewater treatment.

Sustainable Acrylic Acid Making via Acetic Acid–Formaldehyde Condensation: The Highly Selective and Durable VPO-TiO2 Catalyst Accomplished by VPO Phase Control and Wet Co-Mechanical Milling

On the basis of the precise phase control of vanadium phosphorus oxides (VPOs), nanosized TiO2 was employed as a dopant/dispersant to fabricate a series of VPO-TiO2 catalysts through a wet mechanic...

In-house validation method for quantification of formaldehyde in silage and feedingstuffs with the use HPLC-DAD technique.

An HPLC-DAD method was developed for the determination of formaldehyde in animal feed and silage. The method is based on the determination of the product of chemical reaction between formaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. A 3 g of feed or silage were extracted with Milli-Q water with phosphoric acid and next formaldehyde was derivative with the use 2,4-dinitrophenyl- hydrazine in acetronitrile solution. The extract was purified with 0.45 µm syringe filters and separeted on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and detection was carried out at 360 nm. Formal- dehyde was eluted with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water in isocratic elution. This method provided average recoveries of 90.6% to 102.2%, with CVs of 2.6% to 6.4% for feed and from 91.3% to 108.7% with CVs of 1.1% to 4.1% for silage in the ranged of 50 to 1000 mg/kg feeds and silage. The LOD and LOQ for formaldehyde in feed and silage ranged from 1.6 to 2.6 and 2.7 to 5.7 mg/kg, respectively. The methodology was applied for the analysis of feed and silage samples collected from poultry, pigs and cows farms.

Flow Esterification on a Second-Generation m-Phenolsulfonic Acid–Formaldehyde Resin Catalyst

Key words continuous-flow reaction - esterification - phenolic acid - formaldehyde - acrylates

Highly selective tetrahydropyranylation/dehydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols using porous phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin catalyst under solvent-free condition

An efficient protocol for solvent-free chemoselective tetrahydropyranylation/depyranylation of alcohols and phenols is reported herein using mesoporous Phenolsulfonic Acid Formaldehyde Resins as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. The catalyst successfully performed chemoselective protection and deprotection reactions of a wide range of substrates ranging from primary to secondary and tertiary alcohols and also phenols. The reactions were carried out at ambient temperature under solvent-free condition (SolFC) which resulted in high yields within a very short time. FT-IR, TEM, SEM, EDS and TG-DSC analysis techniques were employed to characterize the synthesized polymeric catalyst. The chemoselective nature of our method was confirmed using 13C DEPT-135 NMR studies. The polymer catalyst was found to be recoverable even after 10th catalytic cycle without much depreciation in its activity. The heterogeneity of the catalyst was verified by hot filtration method. Good yield, energy and cost- effective method, solvent-free protocol, mild reaction conditions, no inert atmosphere, metal-free heterogeneous polymer catalyst and excellent recoverability of the catalyst are notable milestones of the reported protocol.

Second-Generation meta-Phenolsulfonic Acid-Formaldehyde Resin as a Catalyst for Continuous-Flow Esterification.

A second-generation m-phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin (PAFR II) catalyst was prepared by condensation polymerization of sodium m-phenolsulfonate and paraformaldehyde in an aqueous H2SO4 solution. This reusable, robust acid resin catalyst was improved in both catalytic activity and stability, maintaining the characteristics of the previous generation catalyst (p-phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin). PAFR II was applied in the batchwise and continuous-flow direct esterification without water removal and provided higher product yields in continuous-flow esterification than any other commercial ion-exchanged acid catalyst tested.

Green Decarboxylative Aminoalkylation of Coumarin‐3‐Carboxylic Acids

AbstractA new metal‐free decarboxylative coupling reaction between coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid derivatives, formaldehyde, and amines is developed. The use of water as the solvent without using any catalyst or additive, excellent functional group tolerance, and good yields are the beneficial features of this synthetic pathway. The cholinesterase inhibitory activity of some selected target compounds is also evaluated.

Membrane Lipid Composition and Amino Acid Excretion Patterns of Methanothermococcus okinawensis Grown in the Presence of Inhibitors Detected in the Enceladian Plume.

Lipids and amino acids are regarded as important biomarkers for the search for extraterrestrial life in the Solar System. Such biomarkers may be used to trace methanogenic life on other planets or moons in the Solar System, such as Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus. However, little is known about the environmental conditions shaping the synthesis of lipids and amino acids. Here, we present the lipid production and amino acid excretion patterns of the methanogenic archaeon Methanothermococcus okinawensis after exposing it to different multivariate concentrations of the inhibitors ammonium, formaldehyde, and methanol present in the Enceladian plume. M. okinawensis shows different patterns of lipid and amino acids excretion, depending on the amount of these inhibitors in the growth medium. While methanol did not show a significant impact on growth, lipid or amino acid production rates, ammonium and formaldehyde strongly affected these parameters. These findings are important for understanding the eco-physiology of methanogens on Earth and have implications for the use of biomarkers as possible signs of extraterrestrial life for future space missions in the Solar System.

Study on Adsorption Properties of Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Formaldehyde Condensate Dispersant

Concrete water reducer is one of the indispensable components of modern concrete. Naphthalene sulfonate acid formaldehyde condensate (FDN) has the characteristics of high water reducing rate, no air entrainment and good adaptability of cement. FDN is one of the most widely used water reducing agents in commercial concrete. The dispersion of water reducer is achieved by adsorbing on the surface of solid particles. In this paper, FDN was synthesized from the laboratory. The molecular structure of FDN was analyzed by infrared spectrum. The variation of FDN adsorption capacity with FDN concentration and adsorption time was analyzed by ultraviolet spectrum. The adsorption behavior of FDN on the surface of cement particles was investigated and its adsorption performance was studied.

Study on Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Formaldehyde Condensate by Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum

Naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate is a kind of surfactant with excellent performance, which is widely used in printing, dyeing, cement, paint and other industries. There are various analytical methods for naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, such as optical density analysis, electrophoresis, chromatographic analysis and spectral analysis. A series of formaldehyde condensates were synthesized from naphthalene, formaldehyde solution and concentrated sulfuric acid solution. The products were qualitatively analyzed by infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of α-aminophosphine oxides by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction applying amides as the starting materials

A series of acylated α-aminophosphine oxides were synthesized by the microwave-assisted Kabachnik-Fields reaction of a series of carboxylic acid amides, formaldehyde and secondary phosphine oxides. To compensate the lower reactivity of the -NH2 reagents, they had to be used in an excess. The solvolytic condensations furnished the α-aminophosphine oxides in yields of 58-93% after purification by chromatography.

Synthesis, analysis and application of naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate

β-naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate is a kind of dispersant with good properties, such as wetting, emulsifying, dispersing. It is widely used as coating dispersant, dye dispersant, cement water reducer and so on. Therefore, the synthesis of naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and its application performance are of great practical significance. In this paper, naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate was synthesized from naphthalene, concentrated sulfuric acid and formaldehyde with the ratio of naphthalene to sulfuric acid approaching 1:2, the condensation temperature ranging from 110∼120°C and the condensation time of 5.5 hours. The characteristics of groups in products were determined by IR.

Rapid Determination of Methanol In Herbaceous Distillates For Their Safety Evaluation by A New Modified Chromotropic Acid Method.

All sophisticated methods for direct determination of methanol require advanced instruments and high technical knowledge whose preparing them is very expensive in none developed and developing countries. This work reports a simple and efficient qualitative technique for semi determination of methanol content in herbal distillates by a new modified chromotropic acid method. The technique is based on the indirect detection of methanol after its oxidation and transforming to formaldehyde by chromotropic acid (formaldehyde specific color indicator). To measure methanol level in herbal distillates, a water diluted sample was mixed with 50 µL of sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate and after 5 min, followed by addition sodium bi-sulfite, chromotropic acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid in two separated steps and finally, eye comparing with four color standard tubes which gives a range of amount of methanol in the sample. The method has a good precision and accuracy and its Limit of Detection is 25 mgL-1. It is particularly suitable for semi quantitative measurement of methanol in herbal distillates not only in the production process quality control of workshops or small companies with no laboratory equipment and adequate financial properties but also the quality check of point of-sale samples from commercial markets. To the best of our knowledge, there isn’t any report about such method.