Acid Content Research Articles

Quantitative Detection of Amino Acids and Carnitine in Human Blood and Quality Control of Peptide Drugs

In order to deal with the biochemical metabolic disorder and the lack of end metabolites caused by hereditary metabolic diseases, a quantitative detection method of amino acids and carnitine in human blood and the quality control method of polypeptide drugs were proposed. First, a method for the detection of 10 amino acids and 32 acylcarnitine metabolites in human blood was established and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Through the experimental research on typical peptide drugs, combined with the classical synthesis process and the PLS-DA model of human body in different regions, the relevant detection methods for the quality control of peptide drugs were established, which provided a reference for the formulation of peptide drug quality standards. The experimental results show that the quantitative detection method proposed in this paper can effectively detect the content of most amino acids and acylcarnitine. The classical detection method achieved a loss of 16.74% smaller mass-to-charge ratio, and based on this, the quantitative standard for polypeptide drug delivery was determined, which verifies the correctness and superiority of the detection method in this paper.

Experience of application of an alternative source of protein for feeding of broiler chickens

Proteins are obligated components of cells of any living organism that perform vital functions: catalytic, regulatory, transport, bioenergetic, protective against infections and other stress factors, structural, spare, etc. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effect of the feed additive „Feed bioprotein“ in the form of powder on the main economic indicators characterizing the efficiency of broiler chickens rearing. „Feed bioprotein“ is a high-protein feed additive and is a biomass of inactivated methanassimilating bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus. The high content of protein and essential amino acids in the composition of this feed additive allows it to be introduced into the feed including for broiler chickens to replace other high-protein components such as fish and meat and bone meal, soy and sunflower meal. When conducting a production experiment on broiler chickens in the cross Ross 308, feed which was used to feed the poultry of the experimental groups, in which a feed additive was introduced, both in the minimum and maximum dosage recommended by the manufacturer for this species of animals. Broiler chickens of the control group have been received feed prepared according to a standard recipe. At the end of the 41 day rearing cycle in the experimental groups, the average daily gain in live weight exceeded the results of the control group by 2,6–5,1 %, feed conversion was by 2,3–3,4 % higher, and poultry livability was by 2 abs.% higher than in the control group. At the same time, higher rates have been observed in the group where the feed additive “Feed bioprotein” was used in the maximum dosage.

The effect of nutritional status on the synthesis ability, protein content and gene expression of mandibular glands in honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers

The mandibular glands (MGs) of honey bee workers are key exocrine glands responsible for the biosynthesis of multiple royal jelly acids, which have important functions within the colony. However, our knowledge about the nutrition requirement of MGs is quite limited. Here, we artificially manipulated the nutritional status of caged honey bee workers (pollen and sugar candy, sugar candy only, soybean meal and sugar candy, stearic acid supplemented sugar candy or citric acid supplemented sugar candy). Then we measured their impact on the 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA) and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA) content in honey bee heads to evaluate the synthesis ability of workers’ MGs, and analyzed the protein content of MGs as well as gene expression in the MGs to reveal the possible physiological changes. Our result showed that nutrition strongly impacted the MGs acid synthesis, the 10-HDA and 10-HDAA contents were significantly higher in workers fed with pollen than with sugar candy only, while an additional supply of protein and organic acid showed no significant contribution. In addition, the 10-HDA/10-HDAA ratio was also significantly affected by the nutrition status. On the contrary, different diets showed no influence on the protein content or gene expressions of MGs, except that organic acid supplements could increase the expression of key genes in fatty acid β-oxidation pathways. Taken together, our study revealed that honey bee nutritional status is closely related to the function of worker MGs. The nutritional deficiency has a significant negative impact on the synthesis ability of worker MGs, but showed no effect on the physiology of MGs.

Changes in the Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid and Mineral Contents of Catla catla of Loktak Lake by Different Cooking Methods

Changes in the Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid and Mineral Contents of Catla catla of Loktak Lake by Different Cooking Methods

Impact of dietary vitamin A deficiency on body physiology and liver metabolism of Wistar rats.

Background: Studies suggest that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause night blindness or xerophthalmia, hepatic and metabolic changes in the blood. Aim: Therefore, this work aimed to stablish a model of hypovitaminosis A in rats and to evaluate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on metabolic and oxidative parameters in the liver of rats. Methods: Male (n = 19), Wistar, rats (21-day-old) weighing 50g, divided into two experimental groups: Control Group (C), received AIN 93G diet and Vitamin A Deficiency Group (VAD), received AIN 93G vitamin A-free diet for 45 days. In this work, the parameters analyzed were: body mass, food and water intake, biochemical aspects in the blood, lipids and glycogen content, lipid peroxidation, carbonyl proteins and catalase activity in the liver. Results: In the VAD group, final body mass (9%), liver mass (28%), glycemia (14%), Total -cholesterol (17%), HDL -cholesterol (31%) and VLDL -cholesterol (30%) showed reduced (p < 0.05). The liver lipid (64%) and glyceride-fatty acid (74%) contents were higher in the VAD group. The carbonyl proteins in liver were increased by 171% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, these results suggest that the absence of vitamin A from the diet was effective in inducing characteristics of hypovitaminosis A in rats. This way, can be used for studies related to glucose and lipid metabolism.

Metabolic profile analysis based on GC-TOF/MS and HPLC reveals the negative correlation between catechins and fatty acids in the cottonseed of Gossypium hirsutum

BackgroundThe diversified and high value-added utilization of cotton by products can promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Differences in potential nutrients among varieties can be explained by variations in the composition and abundance of fatty acids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. Therefore, the analysis of metabolite species and relationships in cottonseed is meaningful for the development of cotton byproducts.ResultsIn this study, the metabolomes of three representative cotton cultivars of different species were compared using untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis. A total of 263 metabolites were identified from 705 peaks, and their levels were compared across cultivars. Principal component analysis and OPLS-DA clearly distinguish these samples based on metabolites. There were significant differences in the contents of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, and lipids in G. hirsutum TM-1 compared with G. arboreum Shixiya1 and G. barbadense Hai7124. Notably, the bioactive nutrient compound catechin obtained from the differential metabolites significantly accumulated in TM-1. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis using catechin and oil-related traits was conducted in core collections of Gossypium hirsutum. The results revealed the reliability of the GC-TOF/MS analysis, as well as that catechin content has a negative association with myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and total fatty acids.ConclusionThese findings suggest that untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis could provide a new method for investigating the underlying plant biochemistry of nutrient variation in cottonseed, and that catechin content has a negative association with oil-related traits in cottonseed. This study may pave the way to exploit the value of cotton byproducts.

New analytical methods for the determination of ascorbic acid content in aqueous extracts of flesh, peel and seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima)

ABSTRACT. The main objective of this research was to develop a simple, rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly methods for determining ascorbic acid in flesh, peel, and seeds of pumpkin. Ascorbic acid was extracted from the different parts of the pumpkin in water. The content of ascorbic acid in three parts of the pumpkin was determined using ATR-FTIR and UV-VIS methods. The ATR-FTIR method was validated to determine ascorbic acid at 1046 cm-1, and the results indicated a linear range of 5 to 50 g/L; R2, 0.999; LOD, 1.7 g/L; LOQ, 5.2 g/L; RSD, 0.09% to 0.65%, and %recovery of 95.86%. Ascorbic acid was also determined at 265 nm by the UV-VIS method that revealed a linear range of 1 to 12 mg/L; R2, 0.999; LOD, 0.25 mg/L; LOQ, 0.75 mg/L; RSD, 0.12% to 0.43%, and %recovery of 96.96%. Accordingly any of the two newly developed methods can easily be applied for quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in pumpkin flesh, peel, and seeds. Both methods yielded higher ascorbic acid content in pumpkin seeds than in pumpkin flesh and peel. Both ATR-FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopic methods are green, low cost and rapid method. However, UV-VIS method showed higher sensitivity than the ATR-FTIR method.&#x0D; &#x0D; KEY WORDS: Pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima, Ascorbic acid, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectrophotometry&#x0D; &#x0D; Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 277-290. &#x0D; DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.3

Efficient Biosynthesis of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid Using a NAD(P)H Regeneration P450 System and Whole-Cell Catalytic Biosynthesis

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is an α,β-unsaturated medium-chain carboxylic acid containing a terminal hydroxyl group. It has various unique properties and great economic value. We improved the two-step biosynthesis method of 10-HDA. The conversion rate of the intermediate product trans-2-decenoic acid in the first step of 10-HDA synthesis could reach 93.1 ± 1.3% by combining transporter overexpression and permeation technology strategies. Moreover, the extracellular trans-2-decenoic acid content was five times greater than the intracellular content when 2.0% (v/v) triton X-100 and 1.2% (v/v) tween-80 were each used. In the second step of 10-HDA synthesis, we regenerated NAD(P)H by overexpressing a glucose dehydrogenase with the P450 enzyme (CYP153A33/M228L-CPRBM3) in Escherichia coli, improving the catalytic performance of the trans-2-decenoic acid terminal hydroxylation. Finally, the yield of 10-HDA was 486.5 mg/L using decanoic acid as the substrate with two-step continuous biosynthesis. Our research provides a simplified production strategy to promote the two-step continuous whole-cell catalytic biosynthesis of 10-HDA and other α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives.

Plastic Pollution in Soil and Crops: Effects of Film Residuals on Soil Water Content and Tomato Physiology

Agricultural producers in China are presently confronting the challenge of “white pollution” caused by the continuous expansion of plastic film area coverage. The main objective of this research is to address the increasing interest in the effects of film residual on tomato growth, yield, and quality under drip irrigation. To reveal the effects of film residual on tomato physiology, field trials were conducted with five levels of film residual treatment applied in two consecutive cropping seasons from 2019 to 2020. Soil water content, plant height, stem diameter, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, soluble sugar content (SSC), organic acid (OA), vitamin C (VC), and nitrate content (NC) were measured; furthermore, four analysis methods were used to assess the comprehensive tomato quality. The results showed that film residuals significantly affected soil water content in 2019 and 2020 and inhibited tomato plant height and stem diameter. The variations in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance showed practically the same trend, increasing with an increase in the film residual at the seedling stage. The maximum yields were observed at 94.02 ton/hm2 and 84.44 ton/hm2 in 2019 and 2020, respectively, and tomato yield exhibited a shape reduction with increasing amounts of film residual in all years. SSC, VC, and NC showed an increasing trend with increasing amounts of film residual. The best tomato comprehensive quality was observed when the amount of film residual was lower than 200 kg/hm2 and declined with an increasing amount of film residual. Overall, the soil water content, tomato growth, and fruit quality changed significantly under the influence of film residual. These results not only deepen our understanding of the harm caused by film residual to tomato growth and fruit quality but also provide reasonable advice to establish a management system for residual pollution on cultivated land.

Study on the effect of red mud and its component oxides on the composition of bio-oil derived from corn stover catalytic pyrolysis

Red mud (RM) waste rich in metal elements was selected as a cheap catalyst for fast catalytic pyrolysis to obtain high value-added bio-oil. The structural patterns and the main oxide components of the RM were determined. In addition, the catalytic effects and mechanisms of the metal oxide components on the bio-oil composition from corn stover (CS) was elucidated. The results showed the content of ketones, furans and alkylphenol significantly increased, while the content of acids and aldehydes greatly decreased under the catalytic effects of the 800 ℃-calcined RM. Fe2O3 and CaO were the main contributor. CaO promoted the production of ketones, and the catalytic effect of Fe2O3 resulted in a good selectivity for acids and furans. Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 inhibited the production of methoxyphenols and promoted the production of acids. Main oxide components promoted the production of alkylphenols. The results provided scientific guidance for producing high value-added bio-oil with cheap RM catalyst.

ТЕРМООКИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ПРОТОНООБМЕННЫХ МЕМБРАН ПОЛИ-1-ВИНИЛ-1,2,4-ТРИАЗОЛ – ФЕНОЛ-2,4-ДИСУЛЬФОКИСЛОТА

The thermal-oxidative stability of membranes based on poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid has been studied. It has been shown that an increase in the acid content in the membrane leads to an increase in thermal stability due to the formation of acid-base complexes

Biochar-Stimulated Pumpkin Performance Under Cadmium Stress Is Strongly Linked to Metabolite Pattern.

In this study, pumpkin seedlings were subjected to cadmium stress (100mg/L cadmium ion solution, 10days) without or with wheat straw biochar at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/v). As the biochar concentration increased, the amount of cadmium accumulated in the root and stem of pumpkin seedlings decreased and the fresh weight of root, stem and leaf increased. The highest cadmium concentration was in the root, followed by the stem and then the leaf. 1% and 2% biochar treatments reduced the oxidative stress of cadmium to seedlings, and added the contents of fatty acid, carbohydrate, amino acid and indoleacetic acid in the root. With the increase of biochar concentration, the metabolites promoting root growth increased. These results provide new information about how biochar alleviates cadmium stress by affecting the metabolic response.

Arsenic-induced response in roots of arsenic-hyperaccumulator fern and soil enzymatic activity changes

In a pot experiment, arsenic-hyperaccumulating Pteris cretica cv. Albo-lineata plant ferns were cultivated and exposed to low and high doses of arsenate (20 and 100 mg As/kg, respectively) for six months. Physiological and morphological changes of roots, as well as changes in soil quality of the root zone and bulk soil (water-soluble fraction of elements and activity of soil enzymes), were determined. The results showed that the accumulation of inorganic As, mainly in the form of As3+, did not significantly affect the yield of roots, but caused changes in root morphology (deformation of root cell walls due to lignification) and metabolism (decrease of auxin indole-3-acetic acid and 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid contents). Although the soil quality results varied according to the As dose, there was a clear difference between the root zone and the bulk soil. The activities of enzymes in the root zone were greater that those in the bulk soil. The results showed a significant influence of the high dose of As (100 mg As/kg), which decreased the activity of arylsulfatase, nitrate reductase, and urease in the root zone, while a decrease in acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase was observed in the bulk soil. The water-soluble fractions of As, organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and organic carbon were significantly affected by the high dose of As.

Влияние барокамерной гипоксии на эмоционально-двигательное поведение животных

The paper studies the features of orienting-exploratory activity in the conditions of adaptation of the body to pressure chamber hypoxia. White laboratory rats were used in the studies. Simulation of acute hypoxia was carried out in a pressure chamber. In the course of the work, it was found that acute hypoxia leads to inhibition of emotional and motor activity in animals on the 3rd day, depleting energy resources in the nerve cells of the brain of rats. It is known that in the brain, in comparison with the liver and heart, the highest rate of glycolytic reactions is observed, and therefore, within a short time interval, the concentration of lactate in the brain tissue increases significantly. In addition to the accumulation of lactic acid, there is an intensive formation of a number of underoxidized products - reduced pyridine nucleotides, an increase in the content of other organic acids of the Krebs cycle, for example, pyruvic acid. The general acidification of the intracellular environment of neurons is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the activity of cellular enzymes and a violation of their connections with the membrane. Starting from the fourth day, the excitability of neurons responsible for grooming is inhibited, the resistance of the animal organism to acute hypobaric hypoxia increases. The action of low barometric pressure (altitude 6000 meters above sea level) on the fifth and sixth day leads to hypoxic dysfunction of the higher parts of the central nervous system. Thus, the study of the features of the course of bioelectrical processes in the CNS against the background of emerging acute exogenous hypoxic conditions of various origins is of particular importance due to the need to obtain timely and objective information about the severity of functional disorders of brain structures sensitive to hypoxia, as well as to determine the level of their damage.

P-doped carbon as an efficient metal-free catalyst for alcoholysis of furfural alcohol to ethyl levulinate

Ethyl levulinate (EL), as a potential fuel additive and versatile biomass-based platform molecule, has been the focus in the field of sustainable chemistry. In this contribution, a series of economic and environmental friendly biomass-derived P doped carbon catalysts were developed in this study for synthesis of EL from renewable furfural alcohol (FAL) in a hot ethanol medium. The carbon catalyst, P-C-800, synthesized via carbonizing the phytic acid at 800 °C, exhibited a good catalytic activity in alcoholysis of FAL to EL. The highest yield of EL could be 79.7% with a complete conversion of FAL at 140 °C in 6 h. Moreover, P-C-800 could be recovered efficiently and reused multiple times with sustained catalytic activity. It was revealed further by the detailed catalyst characterization and systematic evaluation of catalytic performance that both the acid content and surface area of the P-C-800 were crucial for the alcoholysis of FAL to EL.

Optimization of extraction process parameters of caffeic acid from microalgae by supercritical carbon dioxide green technology

PurposeIn this study, the optimization of extraction process parameters of caffeic acid content from Spirulina platensis is performed by supercritical green technology.MethodsEspecially, the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction parameters was carried out employing Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Alongside, the three levels of extraction parameters i.e. extraction pressure, extraction time and temperature have been fixed. As a response, the caffeic acid content of the extracts was determined by HPLC. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) of developed mathematical models was used in the process.ResultsThe extract exhibited the highest content of caffeic acid as 72.11 µg/g of dw at the optimized extraction conditions of 360.08 bar pressure for 57.13 min extraction time at 38.31 °C temperature. Simultaneously this extract exhibited the highest content of total phenolic content (76.87 µg GAE/g dw), reducing power (2278 µg BHT/g dw), FRAP value (4.19 mM FeSO4 equivalent/g dw) and IC50 for DPPH activity (89.28 µg/mL).ConclusionIt has been also noted that supercritical fluid extract can significantly retard the growth of microorganisms in litchi beverage. Consequently, we can also predict that isolated SC-CO2 antioxidant containing fraction would have hopeful for foodstuff preservative.

Base Editing in Peanut Using CRISPR/nCas9.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an allotetraploid legume of the Fabaceae family, is able to thrive in tropical and subtropical regions and is considered as a promising oil seed crop worldwide. Increasing the content of oleic acid has become one of the major goals in peanut breeding because of health benefits such as reduced blood cholesterol level, antioxidant properties and industrial benefits such as longer shelf life. Genomic sequencing of peanut has provided evidence of homeologous AhFAD2A and AhFAD2B genes encoding Fatty Acid Desaturase2 (FAD2), which are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of monounsaturated oleic acid into polyunsaturated linoleic acid. Research studies demonstrate that mutations resulting in a frameshift or stop codon in an FAD2 gene leads to higher oleic acid content in oil. In this study, two expression vectors, pDW3873 and pDW3876, were constructed using Cas9 fused to different deaminases, which were tested as tools to induce point mutations in the promoter and the coding sequences of peanut AhFAD2 genes. Both constructs harbor the single nuclease null variant, nCas9 D10A, to which the PmCDA1 cytosine deaminase was fused to the C-terminal (pDW3873) while rAPOBEC1 deaminase and an uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) were fused to the N-terminal and the C-terminal respectively (pDW3876). Three gRNAs were cloned independently into both constructs and the functionality and efficiency were tested at three target sites in the AhFAD2 genes. Both constructs displayed base editing activity in which cytosine was replaced by thymine or other bases in the targeted editing window. pDW3873 showed higher efficiency compared to pDW3876 suggesting that the former is a better base editor in peanut. This is an important step forward considering introgression of existing mutations into elite varieties can take up to 15 years making this tool a benefit for peanut breeders, farmers, industry and ultimately for consumers.

Influence of Seed Quality Stimulation in “Khao Dawk Mali 105” Rough Rice during the Deterioration Period Using an Automatic Soaking and Germination Accelerator Unit and Infrared Radiation Treatment

This study aimed to improve the seed quality during the deterioration period of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.), cultivar ‘Khoa Dawk Mali 105’ (KDML 105), using an automatic soaking and germination accelerator unit (ASGA) together with stimulation via infrared radiation treatment (IRT) to stimulate seed quality (germination rate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content). This study used a general full factorial design, and the independent variables were the storage period (10, 11 and 12 months), methods of germinated rough rice preparation (conventional method (CM) and an automatic soaking and germination accelerator unit (ASGA)), and stimulation with IRT. The initial grain moisture content did not exceed 14% (wet basis (wb)). The germination rate of the rough rice by CM and ASGA with stimulation with IRT was significantly higher than non-stimulated rice, by 6.56 and 8.11%, respectively, in each storage period. The GABA contents of the germinated rough rice using CM and ASGA stimulated with IRT were significantly higher than ungerminated rough rice, by 19.52 and 21.24% (10 months), respectively; 16.36 and 23.58% (11 months), respectively; and 69.88 and 67.69% (12 months), respectively.

Topping Inhibited Potassium Uptake via Regulating Potassium Flux and Channel Gene Expression in Tobacco

Potassium (K+) is mainly absorbed by plants from the soil and is primarily transported within the plant through the xylem. Topping has been reported to cause efflux and loss of K+ in plants; however, its effect on the real-time flow rate and genotypes with varying K+ accumulation ability is still unknown. Therefore, we carried out a pot experiment containing sand culture using two tobacco cultivars EY1 (high K+ accumulating) and Y87 (low K+ accumulating). The results demonstrated the change of K+ flow direction from influx to efflux in the roots of both cultivars due to topping. The percentage ratio of K+ efflux to influx was estimated to be 18.8% in EY-1 and 157.0% in Y87, respectively. We noticed a decline in indole acetic acid (IAA) content due to topping, which activated the expression of K+ efflux channel gene NTORK1 and inhibited the expression of K+ influx channel genes NKT1 and NtKC1. Furthermore, K+ loss from the roots increased due to topping, which led to decreased K+ concentration in entire tobacco plant. Topping had a more serious impact on the K+ efflux rate and K+ loss in Y87. IAA application after topping, in turn, decreased the K+ loss in both the cultivars. We conclude that topping caused a decrease in IAA concentration and K+ losses in tobacco leaves, and these losses can be mitigated by the exogenous application of IAA.

Morphofunctional parallels of the stomach in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis

Background. Despite some progress in addressing gastric cancer, a marked reduction in morbidity in all developed countries, the search for changes that precede carcinogenesis remains relevant and far from complete. The purpose of the study: to assess the content of aggressive and protective factors of gastric juice and oral fluid in comparison with morphological changes in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Materials and methods. The study included 56 patients: group I included 12 patients with atrophic changes of the gastric mucosa of varying severity, groupII— 24 patients with atrophic changes diagnosed with intestinal metaplasia only in the antrum of the stomach, in group III group— 20 patients with intestinal metaplasia in the body and antrum of the stomach. The control group consisted of 16 healthy individuals. Assessment of the degree of atrophy and inflammation in the gastric mucosa was performed with the subsequent determination of integral indicators— stage and degree of atrophy according to the OLGA system and metaplasia— according to the OLGIM system. According to the morphometric study of sections using a light microscope XSP-139TP (“Ulab“, Ukraine) calculated indicators: nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, the ellipticity of the nuclei. The content of glycoproteins, sialic acids, fucose, hexosamines was determined in gastric juice and oral fluid. Results. Morphometric study showed a significant decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio to (0.12±0.04)% in patients of group III. The coefficient of ellipticity of the nuclei of native cells decreased with the development of intestinal metaplasia: in group I it was equal to (0.76±0.04)%, for group II it was (0.65±0.11)%, and for group III— 0.41±0.12)%. In patients with intestinal metaplasia in 82% of cases with a 3-fold increase in the content of sialic acids in gastric juice was diagnosed with an increase in hexosamines by 35%, while patients with only atrophic changes in the stomach showed a decrease in hexosamines 2 times compared to controls (p&lt;0.05). The spread of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach is associated with an increase in the amount of glycoproteins and hexosamines in the oral fluid of patients, while sialic acids in this biological fluid are increased in all study groups. There are direct relationships between the presence of intestinal metaplasia in the body of the stomach and the content of glycoproteins in both gastric juice (r=0.446, p=0.008) and in oral fluid (r=0.378, p=0.021). The relationship between the content of sialic acids in gastric juice with the degree and stage of gastritis by OLGA (r=0.431, p&lt;0.01; r=0.482, p&lt;0.01), the level of hexosamines in oral fluid with the coefficient of ellipticity of the nuclei (r=0.447, p=0,037). Conclusions. A comprehensive study of morpho-functional changes in the stomach and the ratio of aggressive and projective factors of oral fluid will determine the risk groups of patients with precancerous conditions.