Acid Composition Of Muscle Tissue Research Articles

Effect of the complex supplement «Gepasorbex» on the amino acid composition of muscle tissue of pigs

The modern pig breeding is focused on the constant improvement of pig housing conditions, ensuring high quality and safety of products, using effective feeding and breeding technologies, as well as the balanced consideration of ecological and economic aspects. New methods of rearing andfattening pigs affect not only the quantity, but also the quality of the slaughter raw materials obtained. Objective. To study the effect of the complex supplement "Hepasorbex" on the amino acid composition of the studied groups of pigs in the conditions of a commercial enterprise in accordance with the industrial technology. Methods. On the basis of the above, for the assessment of slaughter qualities, young animals were selected for slaughter from groups offattening young animals when piglets reached a live weight of 100 and 120 kg in the amount of 10 heads of each weight condition under the conditions of the limited liability company "Tavriiski Swyni". Next, it has been studied the effect of the complex supplement "Hepasorbex" on the amino acid composition of the muscle tissue ofpigs of experimental groups with a pre-slaughter live weight of 100 and 120 kg in the amount of 5 samples of each group. Results. It was revealed the deep changes in the animal body: in particular, in the amino acid composition of muscle tissue (replaceable, essential amino acids and their ratio) by detailed researches. Thus, 100 g of muscle tissue protein obtainedfrom the carcasses of pigs of the III research group: for pre-slaughter live weight of 100 kg, contains 9.11 g of essential amino acids and 11.43 g of replaceable amino acids, the amino acid index is 79.7 %; for pre-slaughter live weight of 120 kg - essential amino acids - 10.41 g, replaceable - 13.83 g, amino acid index - 75.27 %. The animals of the III research group are characterized by the maximum value of the protein-quality index at slaughter both at 100 kg and at 120 kg - 12.22 and 7.39, respectively, that is, "Hepasorbex" contributed to the biosynthesis of meat of better quality. Conclusions. According to the general zootechnical requirements, the protein-quality index (oxyproline, tryptophan and their ratio) of the III research group corresponds to high-quality pork (7.39 - 12.22), while the II research group (7.02 - 11.58) and the I control group (6.7 - 12.21) meet the requirements ofpork of normal quality. Keywords: technology, pigs, feed additive, amino acid rate, replaceable amino acids, essential amino acids, protein-quality index.

Prospects for the use of feed biologically active additive NAA in rearing of quails

The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of using different doses of a feed biologically active additive NAA when rearing of quails. In an experiment to determine the effectiveness of using different doses of feed additive, data on the dynamics of live weight, growth rate, livestock livability, and feed conversion in quails of breed of meat productivity Pharaoh were studied. The results of slaughter, the results of anatomical cutting and the weight of internal organs were analyzed. A veterinary and sanitary inspection of quail carcasses was carried out. The amino acid composition of muscle tissue has been studied. During the experiment, the microclimate of the poultry house where the experimental quails were housed was controlled; microclimate complied with generally accepted standards. The results obtained indicate that the most eff ective of the three tested dosages (0,5 ml, 1,0 ml and 2,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed) turned out to be a dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed. With the introduction of 1,0 ml of feed additive per 1 kg of compound feed throughout the entire technological cycle of quails rearing, the live weight of the quails at 56 days of age was higher by 9,23 %, the average daily gain was higher by 9,50 %, and the livability of livestock was higher by 3,41 abs.%, slaughter yield by 1,7 abs.%, weight of all muscles by 7,5 g compared to the control group. A veterinary and sanitary examination of quail carcasses did not reveal any pathological changes. The smell was characteristic of fresh meat. The internal organs were located physiologically correctly. The positive effect of the feed biologically active additive NAA on the amino acid composition of muscle tissue has been established.

PSXII-2 Effect of TG5 (c.-422C>T) Polymorphism on Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle Tissue in Bull

Abstract Intensive fat deposition is accompanied by an increased synthesis of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, resulting in a decrease in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscle tissue. The TG5 (c.-422C >T) polymorphism is associated with fat metabolism in Bos Taurus. The aim of the research was to study the effect of TG5 (c.-422C >T) polymorphism on fatty acid composition of muscle tissue in Hereford bulls. Polymorphism TG5 (c.-422C >T) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. The fatty acid composition of lipids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography on a “Kristall-4000 Lux” chromatograph (Russia). Hereford bulls were slaughtered at 15 months of age. Two groups of bulls with TG5CC and TG5CT genotypes were formed according to the results of genotyping. The total share of SFA and MUFA in muscles of bulls with the TG5CC genotype was 71.2% and exceeded indicators of their peers by 1.0%. These data were consistent with increased synthesis of inter- and intramuscular fat, as well as subcutaneous adipose tissue. The TG5CT genotype was associated with better fat quality in terms of essential fatty acids content, which accounted for 29.8%. Bulls with TG5CT genotype outperformed their peers in content of palmitic by 0.74% and behenic by 0.02% among saturated fatty acids, palmitoleic by 0.67% among monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic by 1.07%, linolenic by 0.15 % and arachidonic by 0.05% among polyunsaturated fatty acids. The maximum content of stearic (by 1.72%) and oleic (by 0.72%) fatty acids was observed in the group with the TG5CC genotype. The greatest (by 0.08 units) ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids indicated the best quality of adipose tissue in TG5CT bulls. Thus, the increased intensity of fat deposition in TG5CC carriers had a negative impact on the quality of meat.

Growth, gonadal development, and fish fillet quality in diploid and triploid turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, originated from the Black Sea

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of triplodization on growth, gonadal development, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle tissue of the Black Sea turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, from 21 to 48 months of age. Diploid and triploid turbot, originated from a single family, were reared under identical culturing conditions. Growth and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were evaluated quarterly, whereas carcass yield, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, proximate composition, and fatty acid content of muscle tissue were evaluated at 21, 36, and 48 months of age. The weight gain by time and the final length and weight of diploid and triploid fish at the end of the growth experiment were similar. Specific growth rates fluctuated according to the reproductive cycle and showed a decreasing trend with age. A positive correlation between time and GSI was determined in diploid males and females. In terms of carcass yield, there was no significant difference between ploidy groups at the same age. The best carcass yield was recorded at 36 months of age. A significant difference in hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes among the age groups was determined. The moisture, ash, protein, and lipid content of diploid and triploids at the same age were found to be similar except for the protein and moisture content at 48 months of age. A degree of variability in terms of fatty acid composition with age and ploidy status was detected, yet crude lipid content of ploidy groups remained similar at the same age but showed a decreasing trend with increasing age. Triploid turbot contained more PUFA n-3 in all ages, whereas muscle tissue of diploid turbot contains more PUFA n-6. At the end of the experiment, at 48 months of age, MUFA content of diploid turbot was significantly higher than that of triploid turbot, whereas PUFA n-3 content of triploid turbot was significantly higher than that of diploid turbot. SFA and PUFA n-6 contents were comparable among ploidy groups. In conclusion, it could be stated that triploidy induction does not improve growth, carcass yield, and crude lipid content in the Black Sea originated turbot cultured under natural environmental conditions.

Incorporating hydrolyzed soy protein or black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal into feeds for Totoaba macdonaldi

A 7-week study was conducted to evaluate the replacement of fishmeal (FM) by hydrolyzed soy protein (HSP) or black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) in diets for Totoaba macdonaldi juveniles (2.5 ± 0.1 g). A control diet containing FM as the main protein source was formulated with crude protein and crude fat contents of 52% and 14%, respectively. Then, in a series of isoproteic and isocaloric diets, HSP was incorporated at levels of 15 and 25%, or partially defatted BSFM at levels of 25 and 40%, in place of FM by weight. Fish fed the control diet and the diet containing HSP at 15% FM replacement had similar performance across all growth parameters, feed utilization, and body indices. In contrast, fish fed HSP at 25% FM replacement had significantly inferior final weight (46.59 g) and FCR (1.19). Fish fed BSFM at both levels of inclusion (25 and 40%) resulted in significantly reduced growth (final weight of 48.11 and 42.8 g, respectively) and also worse FCR (1.06 and 1.30, respectively), as compared to fish fed the control diet (final weight and FCR of 59.72 g and 0.94, respectively). Minimal changes in whole body proximate composition of fish and no changes in proximate and amino acid composition of muscle tissue were observed in response to dietary HSP or BSFM. Compared to fish fed the control diet, the fold change in trypsin gene expression increased significantly in fish fed 25% HSP, but not in fish fed 15% HSP. A similar numerical trend was observed for chymotrypsin gene expression, although differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.0768). No significant differences were observed for the gene expression of both enzymes in response to dietary BSFM; regulation of both proteases appears to take place at a transcriptional level. In summary, at least 15% of dietary fishmeal can be replaced by HSP without altering growth, survival, or any feed utilization and body indices of T. macdonaldi juveniles. Conversely, fish fed diets replacing 25% FM by HSP or by 20 and 40% BSFM displayed significantly inferior growth.

The use of probiotic preparations in the rational feeding of animals in industrial conditions

In the livestock industry, the use of probiotic additives is promising, contributing to the normalization of the microbiocenosis of the animal organism, as well as their resistance to pathogenic microflora, which ultimately affects the increase in meat productivity. The effect of the probiotic supplement "Vetosporin Zh" on the morphological composition of the carcass, the chemical composition and biological value of rabbit meat, as well as the morphofunctional characteristics of the stomach and liver of rabbits was investigated. To study the effect of the probiotic preparation "Vetosporin Zh", 30 rabbits aged 45 days were selected. Rabbits of the control group received only the basic diet - compound feed PZK-92, rabbits of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups were additionally injected with a probiotic drug at a dosage of 0.5 cm3 and 1.0 cm3 per kg of live weight, respectively. To assess the quality of meat at the age of 120 days, a control slaughter was carried out in the amount of 3 heads from each group. The morphological composition data showed that the rabbits of the experimental groups were superior to the rabbits of the control group in terms of muscle tissue mass. The study of the histological characteristics of the stomach and liver of rabbits allows us to positively assess the effect of the probiotic preparation on the growth and development of the animal's body. The analysis of the chemical, amino acid and fatty acid composition of muscle tissue showed that the use of the probiotic preparation "Vetosporin Zh" at a dosage of 100 mg per 1 kg of live weight improves the balance of amino acid and chemical composition, which is confirmed by the assessment of physico-chemical and organoleptic parameters of meat raw materials

Effects of low salinity on fatty acid and free amino acid composition of muscle tissues in Portunus trituberculatus

The effects of low salinity on fatty acid and free amino acid (FAA) composition in muscles of swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, were investigated in this study. The swimming crabs were reared for 5 weeks under two different experimental treatments (the 12 ppt group and the 24 ppt group). Then, composition of fatty acids and free amino acids in total muscles was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with external standard method and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer (LC-MS) with internal standard method respectively. Results of fatty acid analysis showed that C18:1n9c, C20:5n3 (EPA) and C22:6n3 (DHA) were the dominating fatty acids in muscle tissues of P. trituberculatus. There was an extremely significant increase in contents of total fatty acids (TFA), total saturated fatty acids (SFA), total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in muscle tissues of P. trituberculatus with low salinity treatment (12 ppt) compared with those cultured in seawater (24 ppt) (p < 0.01). Results of free amino acid analysis showed that the content of total free amino acids (TFAA) significantly decreased in muscle tissues of P. trituberculatus with low salinity treatment compared with those in seawater (p < 0.05). Among all flavour-tasting FAAs, the umami FAA content was extremely significantly higher in low salinity group compared with control group (p < 0.01); the sweetish FAA content was significantly lower in low salinity group while the bitter taste of FAA content had no significant differences between two groups.

Condition factor and identification of amino acid composition of three trout species in the western region of Ukraine

Indicators of the condition factor, growth rate, and quality of the final products of cultivated objects are important parameters for the effective management of cold-water fish farming. These indicators are also used as a way to control the impact of environmental factors on fish, which requires constant research in the context of intensification of the aquaculture sector. The research is aimed at determining the condition factor and the amino acid composition of muscle tissues of Salmo trutta fario (Linnaeus, 1758), Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) under the conditions of the western region of Ukraine. The results of the condition factor showed that S. fontinalis had the highest value with 1.52±0.0340, and O. mykiss and S. trutta showed the lowest value with 1.33±0.0361 and 1.26±0.0181, respectively. Food conversion ratios were similar for S. fontinalis and O. mykiss (1.0), whereas S. trutta showed higher values (1.4). The specific growth rate was highest in rainbow trout. The specific growth rate was higher for rainbow trout (1.4) compared to the brook trout (1.32) and brown trout (1.28). The maximum content of protein, total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (TEAA) and nonessential amino acids (TNEAA) we registered in brook trout. The muscle tissue of the investigated fish species is a well-balanced source of the nutrition energy in terms of the ratio of total essential to total nonessential amino acids (TEAA:TNEAA ratio).

AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF MUSCLE TISSUE AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF YOUNG PIGS’ LARD WHEN FED WITH PROTEIN-VITAMIN MINERAL SUPPLEMENT «MINAKTYVIT»

The amino acid composition of muscle tissue and the content of fatty acids in the lard of young pigs when fed with the new protein-vitamin mineral supplement "MINAKTIVIT" are analyzed. The data were obtained in a scientific and eco-nomic experiment on two groups-analogues of young pigs of the Large White breed. The supplement was fed at the amount of 25% of the grain part of the diet – starter, 15% – grower and 10% – finisher. At the end of rearing to the live weight of 100–110 kg, a control slaughter of three heads from each group was performed, and samples of subcutaneous lard weighing 200 g at the level of 9-11 thoracic vertebrae and muscle tissue samples were taken for research. When feeding protein-vitamin mineral supplement "MINAKTIVIT" in the lard of pigs there were no significant changes in thе total amount of fatty acids, but among the saturated fatty acids, the amount of myristic, palmitic, margaric and stearic acids increases slightly. Among monounsaturated acids, the content of oleic and gondoic acids increases and the amount of palmitoleic fatty acid decreases. From the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the spinal lard of pigs of the experimental group the content of linoleic, γ - linolenic, α - linolenic and digomolinoleic acid increases. Studies have shown that feeding young pigs with the new protein-vitamin mineral supplement "MINACTIVIT" has a positive effect on the amino acid composition of muscle tissue. At the same time, the content of lysine, methionine and leucine among essential amino acids is reliably increasing, and there is a significant increase in almost all essential amino acids.

Effect of Quercus cortex extract on carcass and meat quality traits of broilers

In terms of consumers, broiler meat should have good nutritional characteristics. The scientific community has actively discussed the use of non-traditional ingredients for feeding poultry. Therefore, research in this direction may lead to an improvement of the quality of broiler meat. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Quercus cortex extract (QCE) on the carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chicken. For this, 120 broilers were allocated to the groups: control group – base diet (BD); I – BD +QCE; II – BD + probiotic; III – BD + probiotic + QCE. The following methods were used: capillary electrophoresis and biochemical methods. There was 7.0 % increase in the pre-slaughter live weight of the broilers in group II by the end of the period, compared to the other groups, 8.4 % increase in the proportion of muscle tissue in the carcass, and an increase in the crude protein and dry matter (0.93 %) in the pectoral muscle, in comparison to the control group. There was an increase in the essential amino acids content in comparison to that of the control: in group III – lysine, leucine; in group II – methionine. The supplementation with QC and probiotic leads to an improvement of the amino acid composition of muscle tissue, depending on its localisation with minor changes to carcass traits.

Mercury concentration and fatty acid composition in muscle tissue of marine fish species harvested from Liaodong Gulf: An intelligence quotient and coronary heart disease risk assessment

Marine fish species are an important source of biologically valuable proteins, fats, fat-soluble vitamins, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but they are also susceptible to pollutants. Mercury is liable to bioamplify in the aquatic food chain, and the health risks posed by methylmercury (MeHg) could undermine the benefits of eating fish, so risk-benefit assessments are needed for those fish species regularly consumed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentrations of mercury and characteristics of fatty acids in marine fish harvested from Liaodong Gulf, China, so as to better understand the risk-benefit effects of marine fish consumption. We found that the ratio of MeHg to total Hg (THg) was normally distributed. The concentrations of THg and MeHg in marine fish muscles (14 species, a total of 239) ranged from 0.920 to 0.288 μg/g and 0.050 to 0.192 μg/g, respectively. There were no significant interannual differences in the muscles' concentrations of MeHg and THg, or of their fatty acids (p > 0.05). The proportion of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) varied significantly among different marine fish-feeding habits (predacious, omnivorous, benthivorous and planktivorous), but the differences between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not significant, which may be due to the undistinguished fatty acids (p < 0.05). The risk-benefit assessment using the intelligence quotient (IQ) scoring model revealed that all the studied marine fish had positive effects on child IQ under different consumption scenarios. Additionally, the integrated risk-benefit analysis for adult cardiovascular health showed that all the studied marine fish, but especially Ditrema temmincki Bleeker, are capable of reducing the relative cardiovascular risk posed by the MeHg in the fish. We conclude the positive effects of eating common marine fish from the Liaodong Gulf far outweigh their negative ones.

Effect of feed composition on the nutritional value of meat of African catfish

The article outlines the results of the research into the influence of feed composition on the amino acid value of African catfish meat. It has been shown that quality characteristics of fish meat depend on protein and fat content. It has been proved that high-protein feed ensures increase in the content of all amino acids in African catfish meat. Nevertheless, protein and fat content in the muscles of the studied fish is more than 2 times higher than the same indicator in the fish on low-protein and low-fat diet. Meat of the African catfish is rich in two amino acids – leucine and lysine. Two amino acids, tryptophan and methionine, are limitative at a high protein diet. At a lower protein diet, isoleucine amino acid is also added. The amino acid composition of African catfish meat is highest at high-protein feeds. The amino acid index of African catfish muscles at high-protein feeds is 0.48, significantly exceeding the index of fish bred on feeds with a reduced protein content. The conducted studies have shown that the use of high-protein feeds in catfish breeding stimulates protein metabolism, enriching the amino acid composition of muscle tissue and increasing the nutritional value of fish as a food product. The research has been funded by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, project No. 18-016-00127.

Жирнокислотний склад м’язової тканини свиней за застосування кормової добавки Lg-Max у різних дозах

The article presents the results of a study of the fatty acid composition of muscle tissue, depending on the use of LG-MAX feed additives in various doses (2.0 g and 4.0 g per day) in feeding fattening young pigs according to a scientific and economic study, which coincided with the growing periods pigs (from 45 days to 180 days). The scientific interest in the composition of fatty acids in meat follows mainly from the need to find methods for producing meat of proper quality, that is, with a higher ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids and a more favorable balance between Omega-6 and Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. According to the results of the study, an increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the Omega-3 family in the muscle tissue samples of the research groups of pigs was found to be 0.12% (D 1 ) and 0.25% (D 2 ), respectively, compared with the control. At the same time, in group D 2 , the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the Omega-3 family was 0.1 % higher than in D 1 . The increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the Omega-3 family in the muscle tissue samples of the research groups of pigs influenced the change in the Omega-6 / Omega-3 ratio by 2.92% (D 1 ) and 5.59% (D 2 ), respectively, compared to the control.

The efficiency of use of feed synbiotic supplement the open Prostor resources of the rabbit

The use of probiotic additives in the livestock industry, including rabbit breeding, contributes to the normalization of the microbiocenosis of the animal body, as well as their resistance to pathogenic microflora, which ultimately affects the increase in meat productivity and meat quality. The influence of probiotic additive "Prostor" on the productivity, chemical composition and biological value of rabbit meat was studied. The influence of probiotic - sorbent complexes on the number of rabbits (males) of the hybrid form "Hiplus" of the French selection at the age of 45 days in the conditions of the industrial complex of LLC "Lipetsk rabbit" of the Khlevensky district of the Lipetsk region, which were divided into control and experimental groups by the method of pairs-analogues, was studied. The control group of rabbits received the main diet, consisting of feed PZK-90, rabbits 1 experimental group received feed PZK-92-60-18, which was introduced synbiotic " Prostor " in a dosage of 0.5 g/kg of feed, and rabbits 2 experimental group 1 g/ kg of feed, respectively. Meat quality was assessed at the age of 105 days after control slaughter in the amount of 3 heads from each group. Morphological composition data showed that the mass of the muscular tissue of the rabbits of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was superior to the rabbits of the control group by 12.17 and 23.84%, respectively. Analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition of muscle tissue showed that the use of feed additives "Prostor " in a dosage of 1.0 g per kg of feed has a positive effect on meat productivity, and the quality of rabbit meat, which opens up prospects for the use of these drugs in the rabbit industry.

Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production

In this study, it was determined the chemical composition of the four ray species (Dasyatis pastinaca, Raja radula, Raja clavata and Torpedo marmorata) caught from Mersin Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, lipid levels, fatty acid profiles, macro-trace elements, and heavy metal levels in the liver and muscle tissues of the Mediterranean rays were investigated. Lipid levels of liver tissue of D. pastinaca, R. radula, R. clavata, T. marmorata were determined to be 80.21%, 53.73%, 45.57% and 45.26%, respectively; while lipid levels for muscle tissue were 1.62%, 1.31%, 1.20% and 1.43%, respectively. In the fatty acid composition of muscle tissues of the rays; ∑SFAs (total saturated fatty acids) levels were reported to be between 30.46% and 35.00%, ∑MUFAs (total saturated fatty acids) levels were 21.49% to 27.77%, ∑PUFAs (total polyunsaturated fatty acids) levels were 28.76% to 35.69%; while for liver tissues; ∑SFAs levels were reported to be between 25.76% and 31.15%, ∑MUFAs levels were 23.43% to 30.66%, ∑PUFAs levels were 21.86% to 30.54%. According to data of this current study, no potential toxic metals (Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Hg) were detected in the fish oils obtained from the tissues. Finally, it was showed that these fish had potential for fish oil production because of their having fat in the liver tissues and there were also no potential heavy metal in the both muscle oil and liver oil, being rather healthy.

Fatty acid composition in maternal and foetal muscle tissues of beaver (Castor fiber)

The aim of the present work was to examine and compare the fatty acid composition of muscle tissues from eleven pregnant beaver (Castor fiber) females and their foetuses. The females were culled during warrantable early spring beaver hunting period (from the beginning of March until the middle of April). The fat content of the muscles of beaver female was 2.0 times higher (P < 0.001) than that of the muscles of their foetuses before birth. A total number of 33 and 34 fatty acids of various chain lengths and saturation levels, including 5 trans isomers, were identified, respectively, in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of muscle tissues from beaver females and their foetuses. Considerable differences in the proportions of individual fatty acids showed that foetuses during beaver gestation accumulate 1.4 times more total saturated (SFA) and 2.6 times more monounsaturated (MUFA) but 2.7 times less polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids than pregnant females (P < 0.001). Although PUFA/SFA ratio in the tissues of foetuses was by 3.8 times lower (P < 0.001) than in the muscle tissue of females, the differences in n-6/n-3PUFA ratio were not significant (P = 0.133).

Fatty Acid Composition of Muscles Tissues of Longdong Goat (Black and White Cashmere)

This study examined fatty acid (FA) composition of muscle tissue of Longdong black goat and Longdong white Cashmere goat breed under reared systems. Approximately 86.31% of fatty acids were observed. Oleic acid was extensively the most abundant ranged from 22.98% to 26.02% of Longdong black and white Cashmere goat respectively. The mean amount of SFA and MUFA were about 21.46% to 34.82% respectively. PUFA were 30.02% of total FA composition. C20:4 were founded 12.14% in all muscles tissues. Compare to C20:5, C22:6 16.43%, 4.88% respectively. The amount of SFA: MUFA ratio was low in Longdong goat muscles tissues. PUFA and MUFA had higher amount female black muscles tissues. Females and males of both had great amount of C16:0, C18:0, ranged from 0.86% to 29.16%. C18:2 were found in 15.01%. The study found fatty acids composition in both Longdong goat breed (black and white cashmere) has some significant effect (P<0:05) in fatty acids proportions. The greater ratios of unsaturated fatty acids MUFA and PUFA high amount than saturated fatty acids SFA in goat muscle tissue and this indicate that Longdong goats breed are healthier and have the same type of fatty acids composition.

Yield, flesh parameters, and proximate and fatty acid composition in muscle tissue of wild and cultured Vieja Colorada (Cichlasoma festae) in tropical Ecuadorian river

This study was conducted to determine the composition of cultured and wild Cichlasoma festae in Ecuador. The mean slaughter yield and dress-out were similar for cultured and wild specimens and the average fillet fat content for cultured fish was significantly higher compared to the wild fish. The pH, fillet color, drip loss and coked loss were similar between populations. Significant differences were found in protein, lipid and ash content in both studied populations. This study showed that saturated fatty acid (SFA) was higher than sum of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in both populations. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids had the maximum percentage of SFA, MUFA and PUFA respectively. In cultured and wild fish was also found to differ in the PUFA/SFA, docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid, n-3/n-6 ratios and atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices. Minerals included Ca, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn. There were significant differences in the first six ones. The production system (cultured or wild) influences significantly most of the analyzed characteristics of carcass and flesh of C. festae. These results provide valued nutritional information of native species to produce sources of food with low-fat and high-protein, and safety food for the consumers in Ecuadorian country.

Changes in the physiological parameters, fatty acid metabolism, and SCD activity and expression in juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared at three different temperatures.

We evaluated the effects of rearing temperature on the composition of fatty acids and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and gene expression in GIFT (genetically improved farmed tilapia) tilapia. Three triplicate groups of fish were reared for 40days at 22, 28, or 34°C. At the end of the trial, the final body weight of juveniles reared at 28°C was higher than that of fish reared at 22 or 34°C. Feed intake, feed efficiency, and the protein efficiency ratio were also higher at 28°C. The fatty acid composition of muscle tissue differed significantly (P<0.05) among the treatment groups. The content of SFA decreased with decreasing temperature, whereas the UFA content increased. We observed high levels of PUFA, particularly n-3 PUFAs, in fish reared at the lower temperature. Rearing at low temperature significantly (P<0.05) increased the expression and activity of the SCD gene. Increased SCD activity and gene expression can increase the biosynthesis of MUFAs in GIFT tilapia muscle. Additionally, cold acclimation can decrease the content of TC and TG in GIFT tilapia, which can help increase cold tolerance.

Interactive effects of dietary protein level and oil source on proximate composition and fatty acid composition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Fish meal and fish oil represent main protein and lipid sources in fish feed, but there is a growing need for sustainable alternatives to these ingredients. In this study, four isolipid extruded diets for carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were used: ROHP (rapeseed oil-high protein), FOHP (fish oil-high protein); ROLP (rapeseed oil-low protein) and FOLP (fish oil-low protein). The trial lasted 75 days. No statistically significant effect of oil source or protein level or interactions of these factors was observed in final body weight, growth parameters or in feed conversion ratio. Protein sparing effect and omega-3 sparing effect were observed in the present study. The results of this experiment showed no negative effects on growth parameters, or major detrimental effects on fatty acid composition of muscle tissue in common carp when fish fed with diets supplemented with rapeseed oil (RO). Furthermore, an enhanced protein sparing effect was observed, when fish fed with lower protein diets, but significant accumulation of crude lipid was observed as a result of lowering protein level. The results of this study showed that diets supplemented with rapeseed oil can be used successfully in common carp cage production.